• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 199
  • 61
  • 18
  • 13
  • 9
  • 6
  • 6
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 364
  • 108
  • 96
  • 63
  • 56
  • 55
  • 54
  • 54
  • 54
  • 45
  • 43
  • 40
  • 39
  • 37
  • 37
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Semiempirical methods for excited states of nanomaterials

Cho, Yeongsu January 2021 (has links)
Density functional theory (DFT) provides an affordable computational tool to understand electronic structure of various molecules and solids. However, the use of DFT is still challenging to investigate nanomaterials of intermediate size that are too small to assume translational symmetry and too large to be considered as molecules. This thesis focuses on developing cost-effective but accurate computational methods for nanomaterials and using the methods to rationalize and predict experimental behaviors. A notable difference of a nanomaterial from its bulk counterpart is that its properties are exceptionally sensitive to the dielectric environment, requiring a proper treatment of the surrounding dielectrics for an accurate understanding. The consequences of heterogeneous dielectric screening on transition metal dichalcogenides are studied by developing a new theory based on classical electrostatics, which closely reproduced the band gaps and optical gaps calculated by the ab initio GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The relative insensitivity of the first optical transition energy observed by experiments was explained for the first time in terms of the cancellation effect of changes of the band gap and the exciton binding energy. The theory of heterogeneous dielectric environments is further developed to be used in an atomistic calculation of layered hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites via a tight-binding GW-BSE method. The binding energies of trions and biexcitons were also calculated using the stochastic variational method to give spectrum peak energies that show a good agreement with reported experimental measurements. Lastly, the tight-binding GW-BSE method is generalized into an atomistic, semiempirical approach to calculate the electronic structure and optical spectra of arbitrary nanomaterials, termed semiempirical GW (sGW) and BSE (sBSE).
102

Exciton Coherence in 1D Phthalocyanine Based Organic Crystalline Thin Films

Burrill, KimNgan 01 January 2020 (has links)
Quantum coherence plays a vital role in the excitonic properties of organic semiconductors. Several theoretical and experimental studies have shown an unprecedented role of coherence in charge transfer and transport processes, which in turn can improve the performance of electronic devices. Specifically, an enhancement of exciton coherence size can result in fast energy transport and efficient charge separation. The ability to tailor the design and performance of organic electronics based on exciton coherence effects represents the possibility of ultrafast electronic applications in communication and information technology. The objective of this thesis is the excitonic coherence studies of 1D crystalline thin films of phthalocyanine-based organic semiconductors using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL). One of the main focuses of this work is on investigating the correlation of intermolecular interactions, $\pi$ orbital overlap and dynamic disorders on the excitonic coherent behaviors in crystalline thin films of various phthalocyanine derivatives (i.e. H$_2$TPP, H$_2$OBPc, H$_2$OCPc, and H$_2$OBNc). Specifically, coherence lengths, exciton-phonon coupling strengths and the nearest neighbor (NN) interaction strengths are determined via: (1) the PL ratio of the excitonic coherence transition and its first vibrational replica and (2) the temperature evolution of radiative recombination lifetimes of coherent excitons. This study showed that the optimum coherence size and the robustness of excitonic coherence can be achieved by a complex interplay between NN interaction, vibrational energies and the coupling to vibrational modes. In particular, it is shown that the shortest NN distance does not ensure the achievement of maximum coherence length within the four investigated phthalocyanine species. Instead, the largest coherence length is measured in the octabutoxy derivative, where the saddle shape of the molecule and crystalline packing results in weaker coupling to the acoustic phonons modes despite having larger intermolecular NN distance. In addition, the effect of static and dynamic disorders on the behavior of exciton coherence is explored by alloying two phthalocyanine derivatives that are close in band gap energies and possess large coherence lengths, H$_2$OBPc and H$_2$OBNc. This study demonstrated the successful tuning of exciton coherence lengths and excitonic parameters in organic analogues of semiconductor alloys, H$_2$OBNc$_x$H$_2$OBPc$_{1-x}$. Furthermore, the correlation of exciton-phonon coupling and radiative recombination rate of coherent excitons with increasing alloy concentration or static disorders are successfully revealed.
103

Étude spectroscopique des états localisés dans la bande interdite de composés GaAs₁₋ₓ Nₓ (x<0.1%)

Yaïche, Zakia January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
104

Transport properties of photoexcited carriers and excitons in ultrapure diamond / 高純度ダイヤモンドにおける光励起キャリアと励起子の輸送特性

Konishi, Kazuki 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22985号 / 理博第4662号 / 新制||理||1669(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 中 暢子, 教授 田中 耕一郎, 教授 石田 憲二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
105

Excitonic fine structure and nonequilibrium phase transition of the electron-hole system in diamond / ダイヤモンドの励起子微細構造と電子正孔系における非平衡相転移の研究

Hazama, Yuji 23 March 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18784号 / 理博第4042号 / 新制||理||1582(附属図書館) / 31735 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 中 暢子, 教授 田中 耕一郎, 教授 金光 義彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
106

Exciton Transfer in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: A Theoretical Study. / 有機太陽電池における励起子移動の理論的研究

CAINELLI, MAURO 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24433号 / 理博第4932号 / 新制||理||1705(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷村 吉隆, 教授 林 重彦, 教授 鈴木 俊法 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
107

EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN QUANTUM-DOT SOLIDS

Al-Ahmadi, Ameenah N. 18 September 2006 (has links)
No description available.
108

Cellular automata models for excitable media

Weimar, Jörg Richard 03 March 2009 (has links)
A cellular automaton is developed for simulating excitable media. First, general "masks" as discrete approximations to the diffusion equation are examined, showing how to calculate the diffusion coefficient from the elements of the mask. The mask is then combined with a thresholding operation to simulate the propagation of waves (shock fronts) in excitable media, showing that (for well-chosen masks) the waves obey a linear "speedcurvature" relation with slope given by the predicted diffusion coefficient. The utility of different masks in terms of computational efficiency and adherence to a linear speed-curvature relation is assessed. Then, a cellular automaton model for wave propagation in reaction diffusion systems is constructed based on these "masks" for the diffusion component and on singular perturbation analysis for the reaction component. The cellular automaton is used to model spiral waves in the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction. The behavior of the spiral waves and the movement of the spiral tip are analyzed. By comparing these results to solutions of the Oregonator PDE model, the automaton is shown to be a useful and efficient replacement for the standard numerical solution of the PDE's. / Master of Science
109

Optical characterisation of non polar nanostructures quantum wells ZnO/(Zn,Mg) O / Caractérisation optique de nanostructures à base de puits quantiques non polaires ZnO/(Zn,Mg) O

Mohammed Ali, Mohammed Jassim 13 July 2018 (has links)
L’oxyde de zinc est un matériau prometteur pour la réalisation de composants optoélectroniques dans la gamme des émetteurs UV. Pour cela il faut développer des hétéro-structures tel que des puits quantiques ZnO/(Zn, Mg)O afin de mieux contrôler les propriétés d’émissions. Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation de telles structures crûes sur le plan A, surface non polaire, de ZnO massif. A partir de mesures de spectroscopie optiques (réflectivité, photoluminescence en excitation continue et photoluminescence résolue en temps) nous avons déterminé les différents phénomènes physiques mis en jeux lors de la recombinaison radiative des porteurs dans ces puits quantiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié en détail l’émission des photons par les barrières de (Zn, Mg)O. Grace à l’étude en température nous avons montré que l’émission optique de la barrière correspond à la recombinaison de paires électron trou en interactions (excitons) qui sont à basses températures localisées dans des fluctuations de potentiel. Sous l’effet de la température ils se délocalisent et se recombinent comme des exciton libres. L’étude détaillée des déclins temporels de photoluminescence nous à permis de démontrer que nous avions affaire à deux états excitoniques différents qui présentent des dynamiques de recombinaisons différentes. Un modèle est proposé pour rendre compte des différentes observations. La partie principale de ce travail porte sur le comportement des excitons dans le puits quantique. Le résultat majeur de cette étude est la démonstration expérimentale que dans ce cas des complexes excitoniques, ici des trions chargé négativement (exciton en interaction avec un électron libre), se forment à basse température et sont responsable de la luminescence observée. De plus, en variant la densité d’excitation nous avons montré que se former également des bi-excitons (pseudo particule formée de deux exciton en interactions). Le comportement en température de la photoluminescence obtenue dans différente conditions d’excitation à permis de démontrer que sous l’effet de l’énergie thermique les complexes excitoniques se dissociés pour créer des excitons libres. Des mesures en fonction de la polarisation de la lumière émise et de la température ont permis également d’étudier l’état C de l’exciton dans le puits. Les dynamiques de recombinaison des différents complexes excitoniques sont examinées en fonction de la température. / The zinc oxide is a promising material for the realization of optoelectronic devices in the blue-UV range. For this, it is necessary to develop hetero-structures such as ZnO / (Zn, Mg) O quantum wells in order to have better control of the properties of emissions. This work concerns the characterization of such structures grown on the A-plane (non-polar surface) of bulk ZnO. From optical spectroscopies measurements (reflectivity, continuous wave and time-resolved photoluminescence) we determined the various physical phenomena involve during the radiative recombination of the carriers in these quantum wells. At first, we studied in detail the emission of photons by the barriers of (Zn, Mg) O. Thanks to the study in temperature we showed that the optical emission of the barrier corresponds to the recombination of electron hole pairs in interactions (excitons), which are at low temperatures localized in the fluctuations of the potential. Under the influence of the temperature they delocalize and recombine as free exciton. From the detailed study of the temporal decays of photoluminescence we can demonstrate that we deal with two different excitonic states, which present different dynamics of recombination. A model is proposed that explain the various observations. The main part of this work concerns the behavior of the excitons in the quantum well. The major result is the experimental demonstration that excitonics complexes are formed at low temperature, negatively charged trion (exciton in interaction with a free electron), in this system and they are responsible for the observed luminescence. Furthermore, by varying the density of excitation we showed that biexcitons are also form (pseudo-particles formed by two excitons in interactions). The behavior in temperature of the photoluminescence obtained in different conditions of excitation demonstrates that under the influence of the thermal energy the exitonic complexes are broken to create free excitons. Measures according to the polarization of the emitted light and the temperature also allowed studying the C state of the exciton in the quantum well. The dynamics of recombination of the various excitonics complexes are examined according to the temperature.
110

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering as a probe of exciton-phonon coupling / Diffusion inélastique résonante de rayons X en tant que sonde du couplage excitonphonon

Geondzhian, Andrey 11 December 2018 (has links)
Les phonons contribuent à la diffusion inélastique résonante des rayons X (RIXS) du fait du couplage entre les degrés de liberté électronique et ceux du réseau. Contrairement à d'autres techniques sensibles aux interactions électron-phonon, la technique RIXS peut donner accès aux constantes de couplage dépendantes du moment. Des informations sur la dispersion de l'interaction électron-phonon sont très précieuses dans le contexte de la supraconductivité anisotrope conventionnelle et non conventionnelle.Nous avons considéré la contribution des phonons sur la diffusion RIXS d’un point de vue théorique. Contrairement aux études précédentes nous soulignons le rôle du couplage du réseau avec les trous de cœur. Notre modèle, avec les paramètres obtenus ab-initio, montre que même dans le cas d'un trou de coeur profond, la technique RIXS sonde le couplage exciton-phonon plutôt qu’un couplage direct électron-phonon.Cette différence conduit à des écarts quantitatifs et qualitatifs pour le couplage électron-phonon implicite par rapport à l'interprétation standard dans la littérature. Ainsi, notre objectif est de développer une approche rigoureuse pour quantifier le couplage électron-phonon dans le contexte des mesures de diffusion RIXS. La possibilité de reproduire avec précision les résultats expérimentaux à partir des calculs ab-initio, sans recourir à des paramètres ajustés, doit être considérée comme le test ultime d'une compréhension correcte de la contribution des phonons sur la diffusion RIXS.Nous commençons notre travail en considérant uniquement l’interaction trou de coeur-phonon dans le contexte de la spectroscopie par photoémission de rayons X. Nous combinons un calcul ab-initio de la fonction de réponse en espace réel avec des techniques de fonctions de Green à plusieurs corps pour reproduire les bandes latérales vibrationnelles dans les molécules SiX4 (X = H, F). L'approche que nous avons développée peut être appliquée aux matériaux cristallins.Nous examinons ensuite la contribution des phonons aux spectres d'absorption des rayons X. Contrairement aux excitations chargées générées par la photoémission par rayons X, l'absorption des rayons X crée une excitation neutre que nous approchons en tant que trou de cœur et électron excité. Nous résolvons d’abord la partie électronique du problème au niveau de l’équation de Bethe-Salpeter, puis nous habillons la quasi-particule excitonique à 2 particules résultante avec les interactions exciton-phonon en utilisant l’Ansatz des cumulants. La viabilité de cette méthode a été testée en calculant le seuil K XAS de la molécule N2 et le seuil K d’Oxygène de l’acétone. Les spectres vibrationnels obtenus concordent avec les résultats expérimentaux.Enfin, nous construisons une formulation hybride de la section transversale RIXS qui préserve la sommation explicite sur un petit nombre d'états finals, mais remplace la sommation sur les états intermédiaires, ce qui pourrait être extrêmement coûteux, par une fonction de Green. Nous avons obtenu un développement de la fonction de Green et dérivé des solutions analytiques exactes (dans la limite de non-recul) et approximatives. Le formalisme a de nouveau été testé sur le seuil K de l'acétone et est bien en accord avec l'expérience. En perspectives des travaux futurs, nous discutons de l’applicabilité de notre formalisme aux matériaux cristallins. / Phonons contribute to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) as a consequence of the coupling between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom. Unlike other techniques that are sensitive to electron-phonon interactions, RIXS can give access to momentum dependent coupling constants. Information about the dispersion of the electron-phonon interaction is highly desirable in the context of understanding anisotropic conventional and unconventional superconductivity.We considered the phonon contribution to RIXS from the theoretical point of view. In contrast to previous studies, we emphasize the role of the core-hole lattice coupling. Our model, with parameters obtained from first principles, shows that even in the case of a deep core-hole, RIXS probes exciton-phonon coupling rather than a direct electron-phonon coupling.This difference leads to quantitative and qualitative deviations from the interpretation of the implied electron-phonon coupling from the standard view expressed in the literature. Thus, our objective is to develop a rigorous approach to quantify electron-phonon coupling within the context of RIXS measurements. The ability to accurately reproduce experimental results from first-principles calculations, without recourse to adjustable parameters, should be viewed as the ultimate test of a proper understanding of the phonon contribution to RIXS.We start by considering only the core-hole--phonon interaction within the context of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We combine an ab initio calculation of the real-space response function with many-body Green's functions techniques to reproduce the vibrational side-bands in SiX4 (X=H, F) molecules. The approach we developed is suitable for application to crystalline materials.We next consider the phonon contribution to X-ray absorption spectra. Unlike the charged excitations generated by X-ray photoemission, X-ray absorption creates a neutral excitation that we approximate as a core-hole and an excited electron. We first solved the electronic part of the problem on the level of the Bethe-Salpeter equation and then dressed the resulting 2-particle excitonic quasiparticle with the exciton-phonon interactions using the cumulant ansatz. The viability of this methodology was tested by calculating the N K-edge XAS of the N2 molecule and the O K-edge of acetone. The resulting vibronic spectra agreed favorably with experimental results.Finally, we construct a hybrid formulation of the RIXS cross section that preserves explicit summation over a small number of final states, but replaces the summation over intermediate states, which might be enormously expensive, with a Green's function. We develop an expansion of the Green's function and derive both analytically exact (in the no-recoil limit) and approximate solutions. The formalism was again tested on the O K-edge of acetone and agrees well with the experiment. To provide an outlook towards future work, we discuss application of the developed formalism to crystalline materials.

Page generated in 0.0855 seconds