Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur skolkuratorer uppfattar sitt och sina skolors arbete med ungdomskriminalitet i särskilt utsatta områden. För att besvara frågeställningarna så genomfördes tre semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra kuratorer från tre skolor. För analysen av empirin valdes domänteori, handlingsutrymme, identitet och socialt utanförskap som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Analysen gjordes utifrån forskningsansatsen fenomenografi för att synliggöra deras uppfattningar och upplevelser, där arbetssätten var i fokus. Skolkuratorerna uppfattade brottslighet som en utmaning och att området försvårade arbetet då vissa elever inte känner sig som en del av samhället och riskerar att rekryteras av kriminella nätverk. De främsta arbetssätten för kuratorerna var relationsskapande, psykosocialt arbete, tillgänglighet och sociala kartläggningar. Kuratorerna menade att skolornas främsta strategier är samverkan med andra myndigheter, uppmärksamhet på skolfrånvaro och våldsförebyggande program. Tillgångar kuratorerna upplevde var vuxentäthet, kompetens och starka ledningar men de önskade mer tid och resurser. / This study’s purpose was to examine how school counselors perceive their own and their school’s work with criminality in excluded areas. To answer the study’s questions, three semi-structured interviews were conducted with counselors from three different schools. Domain theory, freedom of action, identity and social exclusion were the theoretical foundation for the analysis which was done with the research methodology phenomenography to highlight the counselor’s perceptions, with focus on their strategies. The counselors perceived criminality as a challenge and that the area made it difficult because of pupil’s risk of recruitment by criminal networks and their sense of not belonging. The counselors focused on relationship building, psychosocial work, availability and social mapping. They expressed that their school’s primary strategies were cooperation with other authorities, attentiveness on school absence and violence prevention. Assets the schools had were grownup density, competence and strong management but they wished for more time and resources.

Les stratégies de développement agricole et rural destinées aux territoires longtemps marginalisés, dans les trois pays du Maghreb central (Algérie, Maroc et Tunisie), ont, peu à peu, connues une convergence notamment durant l’adoption des plans d’ajustement structurel. Ces trois pays ont alors opté, sous l’influence des organisations internationales et de la politique européenne de développement rural, pour les approches participatives puis pour l’approche territoriale. Les acteurs publics de développement local sont ainsi appelés à adopter de nouvelles approches et de nouveaux modes d’intervention dont la principale conséquence attendue est l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs civils. La construction collective de territoire devrait alors être possible. A travers le cas des acteurs de développement en charge de l’insertion économique des jeunes, cette recherche s’est attelée à démontrer que l’approche territoriale, adoptée dans ces territoires marginalisés, fait face aux représentations divergentes entre les acteurs de développement qu’ils soient publics ou civils et les jeunes, qui au-delà des conflits de génération, traduisent des ancrages territoriaux et des pratiques influencés par les représentations territoriales. Ce qui explique qu’actuellement, malgré une attention particulière, ces territoires, longtemps marginalisés, ne font pas l’objet de véritables projets de construction collective de territoire. Cette thèse met l’accent notamment sur ces représentations, leurs origines, leurs influences et les possibilités de leurs changements. / Strategies for agricultural and rural development designed for the too long excluded territories in the three central Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia), have gradually converged specialy during the adption of the structural adjustment programmes. These three countries have then opted, under the influence of international organizations and the European rural development policy, for the participatory approaches and later on for the territorial approach. Public actors of local development are expected to adopt new approaches and new methods of intervention, whose main expected result, is the emergence of new civil actors. In such a case, a collective construction of territories should be possible. In the light of the case of development actors responsible of the economic integration of young people, this research has sought to prove that the territorial approach adopted in these marginalized areas, faces the divergent representations of public and private development actors and the young people which, beyond generational conflicts, reflect territorial anchors and practices influenced by territorial representations. That explains why, currently, despite particular attention, these too long excluded territories are not subject to real collective construction territory projects. This thesis focuses particularly on these representations, their origins, influences and possibilities of changes.