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The effects of an 11-week jogging program on the plasma lipid fractions and clotting time of 19 late adolescent males (18 to 19 years) were investigated. Total lipids, triglycerides, total and free cholesterol, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids, and clotting time of plasma were determined. Statistical analysis was applied to the change in each parameter. Dietary patterns prior to and following the fitness program were examined. The mean concentrations of total lipids, total and free cholesterol, and phospholipids were lower than those reported for young men; plasma clotting times were longer. The mean plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids were comparable to those observed in adults. Individual values of the plasma lipid fractions were within the ranges reported in the literature. Consistent relationships could not be found between dietary intake, changes in weight, or any of the lipid parameters. Significant changes in triglycerides, total and free cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids were not apparent as a result of exercise. There was a significant decrease in phospholipids; total lipids and clotting time increased significantly following the fitness program. / Graduation date: 1970

Previous studies suggest that vitamin B-6 supplementation can alter fuel metabolism during exercise and plasma amino acid levels at rest. To examine the effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation on plasma fuel substrates and amino acid levels during exercise, five trained males (age: 29±7; V0₂ max: 54.7±6.2 ml/kg/min) performed two separate submaximal, endurance, exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were exercised to exhaustion at 74.5±7.8% V0₂ max in a fasted condition on the seventh morning of two separate nine day controlled diet periods. The first exercise test (T1) occurred following a control or non-supplemented (NS) diet (i.e. 1.9 mg B-6/day), and the second exercise test (T2) occurred following a vitamin B-6 supplemented (S) diet (i.e. 1.9 mg B-6/day + 20 mg PN/day). Blood was drawn pre, during (i.e. 60 minutes into exercise), post, and post-60 minutes of exercise, and plasma was analyzed for glucose, lactic acid, glycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), and amino acids. Expired air was collected for three minutes at 10 minute intervals during both tests. Although not statistically different, there were observed trends for higher mean lactate levels and lower mean glycerol and FFA levels in T2 (S) compared to T1 (NS). Mean lactate, glycerol, and FFA concentrations all changed statistically significantly over time in both exercise tests. Mean plasma tyrosine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.007) at post-60 minutes of exercise and mean plasma methionine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.03) at post-exercise in T2 relative to T1. Of the 13 amino acids quantitated, only alanine and histidine concentrations changed significantly over time. Although not statistically significant, mean respiratory exchange (R) values tended to be higher in T2 compared to T1. Mean oxygen consumption values were significantly higher (p = 0.02) during the first 10 minutes of exercise and at multiple later time points showed a trend for being higher in T2 compared to T1. No statistically significant differences were observed in subjects' performance times to exhaustion between T1 (1:35:49; hr:min:sec) and T2 (1:31:56). These results indicate that vitamin B-6 supplementation can potentially alter fuel metabolism and plasma amino acid levels during exhaustive endurance exercise; however, not to such a degree that one's endurance capacity is affected. / Graduation date: 1995

Four young trained men were studied during 50 min of continuous bicycle ergometer exercise [30 min at 60%, 15 min at 80%, and 5 min at 90% maximal heart rate (MHR)] to elucidate changes in fuel metabolism resulting from a glycogen depletion-repletion regimen, and to determine the effect of supplemental vitamin B-6 (B6). The diets were: Week 1, 40% CHO normal diet (NC); Week 2, days 1-3 CHO 11% (LC), days 4-7 CHO 71% (HC); Week 3, same as week 2 but with an 8 mg B6 supplement each day (LC+B6, HC+B6). The men exercised after an overnight fast on days 4 and 7, upon completing the depletion or repletion phase. Blood was collected before exercise (PRE), during the 80% MHR work (DURING), immediately after completion of the 90% MHR work (POST), and 30 min and 60 min after exercise (30 MIN POST, 60 MIN POST). Plasma FFA concentrations were from 30% to 75% higher (p<0.05) after the LC and LC+B6 diets than after the NC-1, NC-2, HC, or HC+B6 diets, and B6 did not appear to affect plasma FFA levels. Plasma glucose values were from 3% to 4% lower (p<0.01) for DURING HC and HC+B6 than DURING NC-1. Since plasma HC and HC+B6 lactate values were 57% higher (p<0.05) than DURING control values, the simultaneously low glucose and high lactate levels indicate that glucose was primarily derived from muscle glycogen in the HC and HC+B6 conditions. Addition of B6 to the HC diet resulted in elevated POST lactate levels, but this difference was not significant. LC glucose and lactate values did not differ significantly from control values. However, PRE LC+B6 glucose values were 12% lower than PRE control values (p<0.02) and continued to be lower during exercise. POST and 30 MIN POST LC+B6 values were 47% lower than the LC values (p<0.005 and p<0.01, respectively). The glucose and lactate data indicate that B6 supplementation does alter CHO metabolism when added to a glycogen depletion-repletion regimen. Due to the possible role of glycogen phosphorylase as an expanding depot for B6 storage, supplementation with B6 may cause a more rapid emptying of muscle glycogen stores and a reduction of athletic endurance. / Graduation date: 1983

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Graduation date: 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different velocities of eccentric work on delayed onset muscle soreness and associated factors in untrained college-aged males. Eight untrained males 21.6 (+1.7) yrs. were recruited for the study. Three subjects did not crossover design and assigned to either a 60 deg/sec or 150 deg/sec work velocity. One hundred maximal eccentric repetitions were completed separately for both legs. Exercise treatment on both legs was carried out on the Kinetic Communicator Device. Repetitions were divided into twoexercise trials. Following the exercise treatment, 10 sets of 10 repetitions with a 5 second pause between each repetition. A five week rest interval separated the range of motion (ROM) values (24, 48, 72, 122, 144 hrs.), serum creatine kinase (Ck), (pre, 24, 72, 144 hrs.), and and the results of 2 subjective soreness scales were recorded. The results of the study demonstrated no significant difference in the velocity * time interaction for Ck, ROM, and soreness perception values; however, significant findings were demonstrated for the main effect across days within each data collection except for Ck following the 150 deg/sec trial. No significant difference could be found between each leg or between both trials following each exercise treatment. The Ck'response at the faster velocity seemed to indicate that the 150 deg/sec work trial may have produced a greater amount of muscle trauma compared to the 60 deg/sec trial without significantly effecting the soreness response.

Graduation date: 1994