This study deals with the Definiteness Effect (DE) in Chinese you existential sentences from pragmatic perspectives and the scope is confined to the formal written style with discourse environments. The data used for analysis is the United Daily News Corpus and the data selection is restricted to the definite NPs which are considered unacceptable in you existential sentences: proper names, pronouns, demonstratives, universal quantifications, most-NPs, and superlative. The data for analysis in this study consist of 119 natural occurrences and the results reveal that definite NPs can occur in you existential sentences and the contexts where they appear consist of adjunct clauses and complement clauses embedded under the matrix verb. It is also observed that you existential sentences can assert the existence of entities or events and definite NPs can represent given information. I suggest that the Definiteness Effect is a misnomer and the restriction imposed on you existential sentences is derived from the non-application of ¡§identification¡¨ in existential sentences. Definite NPs are only allowed in you existential sentences when they are used to identify the entities. If the postverbal NPs are to introduce or present the entities into the discourse, definite NPs are ruled out. In addition, it is argued that if the definite NPs are anaphoric and thus given information, they are used to draw the addressee¡¦s attention to the presence of entities or events; namely, they serve as focusing topics. It seems odd to view them only as topic-introducing constructions.

「存在句」普遍的存在人類的語言之中，華語存在句主要有兩種語序「處所＋動詞＋人/事物」如例 (1)；「人/事物＋動詞＋處所」如例 (2)。 　　 (1) 桌子上有書。 (2) 書在桌子上。 「在」字句的主語屬於「有定」或「有指」的「人/事物」，而「有」字句只能帶「無定」的「人/事物」作賓語。華語語言學家通常將「有」字句稱為「存現句」表示「某處存在某事物」，或者表示「位於某處所的事物的出現或者消失」。在語法形式上表示處所的名詞出現在存現句的句首，而表示存在、出現、消失的人或事物的名詞組出現在動詞後。從語言學習角度來說，華語的「存現句」對於外籍生是一個較為陌生的結構。本文從功能語法角度分析華語的「存現句」。以「認知分析」、「引介功能」、「傳達信息」、「焦點」、「主題」、「有定到無定」、「名詞的定性」為理論架構而處理存現句的形成與結構。 韓語沒有對應於華語存現句的句型，表示存在的動詞「在、有、是」都翻譯成韓語「있다(itta)」，使用助詞「著」的存現句翻譯成「V+아/어/여(ɑ/ə/yeo) 있다(itta)」。韓語存在句的基本語序為「處所詞組＋名詞組＋存在動詞」，例如： (3) 산 에 나무 가 있다.　(山上有樹。) San e namu ga itta. 山 在 樹 有 本論文探討韓語存在句如何表現主題、焦點、定性，如何傳達信息而進行與華語存在句的對比分析。此外，從功能的角度提供適當的教學策略，並且針對韓籍學生設計存現句語法課程而應用在實際教學上，藉此探討功能語法在教學上應用的可行性。 / Existential Sentences generally exist in human languages. There are two kinds of word orders of Existential Sentences in Mandarin: locations+verbs+people/things(Example 1); people/things+verbs+locations(Example 2). Example 1: Zhuozi shang you shu. (桌子上有書。) Example 2: Shu zai zhuozi shang. (書在桌子上。) 　Subject of Example 2 is definite people/things; however, Example 1 can only use indefinite people/things as its object. Example 1 is generally considered as Existential Sentence. Mandarin Existential Sentence is an unfamiliar structure for students learning Mandarin as a foreign language. This thesis analyzes Mandarin Existential Sentence from the perspective of Functional Grammar. Topics covered in the discussion of Mandarin Existential Sentence include cognitive perception of space, presentative function, information packaging, focus, topic and definiteness. There is no corresponding Mandarin Existential Sentence in Korean. Verbs meaning “zai ‘to be at’(在), you ‘to have’(有), shi ‘to be’(是)” are translated to 있다(itta) ‘be, have’ in Korean. This thesis discusses how Existential Sentences express their topic, focus, definiteness and information in Korean. This thesis also provides suggestions for teaching Mandarin Existential Sentence to Korean students and discusses the feasibility of Functional Grammar in teaching .