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Authenticity, a growing area of interest in leadership studies, is an important concept within existentialist thinking. Currently it is largely untheorized. Here the concept is examined using Sartre’s work. Current literature implies authenticity as relating to an ‘inner’ or ‘true’ self which existentialist thinking rejects, opening the way for a different approach to theorizing authenticity. There is a need to consider context, and subjective and inter-subjective experience to understand and to practice authentic existential leadership.

Existentialist ethics tell us that we as individuals cannot be truly liberated until all are. This means that we must pursue a more just world for all. Interestingly enough, as we look at the evidences of the ways in which cultural violence have been used historically and today as a means to withhold power from the people, we find that participating in the arts grants a great deal of power to the people. Thus, accessibility to participating in artistic acts or the creative process become fundamental to activism for social justice. This work lays out five fundamental aspects of the creative process that help us move towards liberation—confrontation of ideas, vulnerability, choice making, truth or world building, and authentic identity formation. In order to realize the full potential of positive impact the creative process can have in the realm of social justice, however, we must reframe our understanding of artists and the creative process in our society. This is a call to action both to artists and audience to recognize and wield the power of the arts to liberate all within our society. / Doctor of Philosophy / We have all heard the disparaging stereotypes surrounding the arts--the arts aren't a viable career choice, they aren't important, they're just meant for hobbies, or they're for folks who aren't smart enough to do something "useful" with their lives. If you have been a practicing artist for any number of years you have surely been offered payment in "exposure" at least half a dozen times by now. And yet, creating art is perhaps one of the most powerful and political acts we may undertake as humans. With each creative act we make claim to our own identities and have the opportunity to support the unique identities of others. In a world plagued by injustice perhaps artists are just the heroes we need. In this work I outline the connection between the artistic act and liberation. It is a call to action both to artists and audience to recognize the great potential that artists have to shape the world for better or worse. It asks you, the reader, to support social justice by supporting accessibility to confrontational, vulnerable, and deliberate artistic acts both by others and yourself.

The submitted doctoral thesis is an analysis of five novels and one prosaic fragment of the German writer Wolfgang Koeppen (1906-1996). Its first part concentrates on Koeppen`s literary depiction of the phenomena of modernity and of the modern consciousness. In the second part I follow the existential dimension of Koeppen`s novels and I try to put them into the context of the existentialist discourse, which influenced the genesis and the establishment of the so called existentialist literature. Koeppen`s novels share with the texts of existential philosophers and writers the topic of the problems of human existence and of the situation of man in the historic reality of the modern times. This doctoral thesis places Koeppen`s novels, as novels belonging to the literary modernism, into the thematic context of the reflexion of modernity. It is based on the foundation that Koeppen`s novels depict the phenomena of the rationalistic modernity and of the modern consciousness with a critical intention. As follows, it deals with the selected themes of Koeppen`s novels such as the lack of meaning, the loss of utopia and the crisis of the individual in the modern era. In the context of modernity, also the melancholy of Koeppen`s protagonists is being interpreted which has, apart from other things, a connection...

L'enjeu de cette thèse est de dénouer les fils de l'esthétique de la faim à travers une série de médiations, des discours flottants, qui ne sont ni simple procédure visant ou décrivant une pratique ni pure théorie, parce qu'elle hérite de la réalité sociale de manière implicite et explicite. Nous cherchons cette parole qui révèle les contradictions de ce monde, ce ne sera pas de point de vue de l'image cinématographique même si elle rend opérationnelle. La thèse centrale de la démonstration tente de trouver son opérationnalité à partir de la tradition intellectuelle brésilienne et affirmer comme chez Sartre le refus « de confondre l'homme aliéné avec une chose, et l'aliénation avec les lois physiques qui régissent les conditionnements d'extériorité […] Pour nous, l'homme se caractérise avant tout par le dépassement d'une situation, parce qu'il parvient à faire de ce qu'on a fait de lui, même s'il ne se reconnaît jamais dans son objectivation [1] ». La production intellectuelle de Glauber Rocha dépasse le cinéma en conjurant l'art, la vie et le politique, sans jamais les dissocier, dans une expérience poétique régulée par le locus métaphorique de la faim lié à la réalité sociale des zones arides du Brésil.[1] La critique de la raison dialectique, précédé de Questions de méthode, tome I, nouvelle édition, Paris, Gallimard, nrf, Bibliothèque des Sciences Humaines, 1985, p. 76. / The aim of the thesis is to unravel the strands of the aesthetic of hunger through a serie of mediations, dispersed discourses, that are neither a simple procedure aiming for and describing a practice nor pure theory, because of its both implicite and explicit derivations from social realityµ. We found the parole that reveals the contradictions of this world, but not from the point of view of the cinematographic image, through this image is what renders it operational. The principle thesis seeks its manifestation in the Brazilian intellectual tradition and confirms, as in Sartre, the refusal « […] to confuse the alienated man with a thing or alienation with the physical laws governing external conditions... For us man is characterized above all by his going beyond a situation, and by what he succeeds in making of what he has been made – even if he never recognize himself in his objectivation ».The intellectual production of Glauber Rocha goes beyond cinema in conjuring art, life, and the political, without dissociating them, in a poetic experience directed by the metaphoric locus of hunger as linked to the social reality of arid zones in Brazil.[1] Search for a method, translated by Hazel E. Barnes, New York, Vintage Books, 1968, p. 91.

The primary aim of this thesis is to analyze the consideration of suicide by modernity which imposes life as the most essential and unconditional affirmation and death as the absolute opposite of life. Herein, the mutual exclusiveness of life and death is considered under the guidance of Foucault&rsquo / s critique on modernity. Thus, the potential of suicide as a resistance to the primacy of life in modern times is discussed in a Foucauldian framework. From this point forth, with inspiration from existentialist thought, a hypothetical category of philosophical suicide is defined to emphasize a peculiar form which has a more radical potential to resist the pre-given and unconditional affirmation of life than any other form of suicide. Within this framework, the peculiarity of this hypothetical category of philosophical suicide is discussed by focusing on its radical potential to resist the mode of existence dictated by modernity.

Literatūros filosofijos perspektyvoje ir fenomenologijos metodologiniu pagrindu bakalauro darbe tiriama egzistencializmo dimensija A. Ramono kūryboje. Šio darbo objektas – lietuvių prozininko rinktinė „Vasario upės“ (2007). Tiriamojo darbo problema formuluojama keliant A. Ramono prozoje svarbiausius žmogaus ir jo būties klausimus. Teorinėje darbo dalyje nagrinėjama literatūros ir filosofijos sąveikos problema, būties ir kalbos klausimai literatūros filosofijos akiratyje (V. Daujotytės atrama). Remiantis M. Heideggerio, V. Sezemano, A. Maceinos, A. Šliogerio ir kitų autorių mintimi, iš egzistencializmo tradicijos teorinėje dalyje nagrinėjami žmogaus esmės ir jo tapsmo, būties transcendencijos, būties-pasaulyje, būties-myriop ir kiti klausimai. Iš fenomenologijos teorijos bakalauro darbo tyrimui ypač aktuali patirties, juslinio pasaulio suvokimo, santykio su pasauliu ir sąmonės koncepcijos. Tiriamojoje dalyje nagrinėjama, kaip skleidžiasi egzistencinės filosofijos problematika A. Ramono tekstuose. Knygos „Vasario upės“ analizė leido suprasti, kad joje vaizduojamą žmogų su egzistencializmo filosofijos dimensija suartina būtis-myriop, erdvės, laiko ir daiktų patirtys, ribiniai kančios, ligos, rašymo išgyvenimai, o visa tai išreiškiama filosofiniam mąstymui artimu pasakojimu, dviprasmiškomis metaforomis ir simboliais. Žmogaus egzistencija būties-pasaulyje lauke vyksta nuolat persikeliant į kitas būties siūlomas egzistencijos struktūros atmainas: nuolat vyksta ciklinis gyvybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the perspective of the philosophy of literature and on the methodological basis of phenomenology, the Bachelor’s work analyses dimension of existentialism in the works of Antanas Ramonas. The object of this work is the selection of the Lithuanian prosewriter’s works “Vasario upės” (February Rivers) (2007). The problem of the study is formulated raising the most important questions of man and his existence in the prose of A. Ramonas. In the theoretical part of the work the problem of interaction between literature and philosophy, questions of existence and speech in the outlook of the philosophy of literature are analysed (reference to V. Daujotytė). Referring to the ideas of M. Heidegger, V. Sezeman, A. Maceina, A. Šliogeris and other authors, from the tradition of existentialism in the theoretical part there are analysed the essence of man and his formation, transcendence of Being, being-in-the-world, life-to death and other questions. From the theory of phenomenology, for this study especially important is perception of experience, sensitivity of the world, relantionship with the world and the conception of consciousness. In the research there is analysed how the problem of existential philosophy unfolds in A. Ramonas’ texts. The analysis of the book “Vasario upės” indicates that the depicted man is linked with the dimension of existentialist philosophy by the conception of life-to death, experiences of space, time and things, limit experiences of suffering, illness... [to full text]

Girls’ withdrawal from school is posing a major challenge to female literacy in Afghanistan. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of Afghan traditions and cultural norms on girls’ school withdrawal by parents or guardians in Khinjan District of Baghlan Province. To achieve this aim the accounts of 12 mothers with daughters pulled out of school were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the theoretical lens of Existentialist Feminism and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model. The findings suggest that in order to address the problem of girls’ withdrawal from school in Khinjan, the informal communication networks that reinforce the tendency of parents/guardians, especially male ones, to withdraw the girls from school should be influenced by communication channels in the district. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s concept of dialogue for liberation, it is recommended that credible members in the community should initiate and engage in a transforming dialogue about education of girls, with Khinjanis.

Girls’ withdrawal from school is posing a major challenge to female literacy in Afghanistan. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of Afghan traditions and cultural norms on girls’ school withdrawal by parents or guardians in Khinjan District of Baghlan Province. To achieve this aim the accounts of 12 mothers with daughters pulled out of school were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the theoretical lens of Existentialist Feminism and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model. The findings suggest that in order to address the problem of girls’ withdrawal from school in Khinjan, the informal communication networks that reinforce the tendency of parents/guardians, especially male ones, to withdraw the girls from school should be influenced by communication channels in the district. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s concept of dialogue for liberation, it is recommended that credible members in the community should initiate and engage in a transforming dialogue about education of girls, with Khinjanis.