Une fermeture de sous-couche à N=70 dans le ¹¹⁰Zr a longtemps été considérée comme une explication possible du désaccord entre la théorie et les abondances observées des éléments lourds près de la masse 130 résultant du processus de capture rapide des neutrons (processus r). Le processus r n’est pas bien compris en partie à cause des incertitudes relatives aux mécanismes d'évolution de la structure en couches des noyaux riches en neutrons. La fermeture de sous-couche dans le ¹¹⁰Zr, bien qu’improbable, pourrait résulter d’une symétrie tétraédrique ou sphérique. Ces symétries laissent des indications distinctes sur la structure des niveaux de basse énergie et leur effet peut donc être détecté par une simple mesure de spectroscopie. Le système MINOS a été employé à l'installation de faisceaux d'isotopes radioactifs (RIBF) de RIKEN au Japon pour effectuer la première spectroscopie du ¹¹⁰Zr. MINOS, développé au CEA-IRFU, combine une cible de protons épaisse avec un dispositif de reconstruction de vertex de réaction pour permettre une spectroscopie à haute résolution des noyaux rares. Les états de basse énergie dans le ¹¹⁰Zr ont été peuplés par arrachage des protons de la cible MINOS, et les rayons gamma de désexcitation ont été détectés avec l'ensemble de scintillateurs DALI2. Les résultats sont compatibles avec un noyau bien déformé. Aucune preuve n’est obtenue pour une fermeture de sous-couche à N = 70 ni en faveur de la symétrie tétraédrique. Une étude complémentaire explore les sections efficaces inclusives pour les réactions (p,2p) et (p,pn) avec les noyaux riches en neutrons. Environ 60 sections efficaces inclusives ont été mesuré pour l’arrachage d'un nucléon sur la cible MINOS. La systématique (p,2p) montre une augmentation de la section efficace pour les noyaux fils de Z impair, ce qui révèle l'importance des corrélations d'appariement. Les sections (p,pn) sont plus grandes que les sections efficaces (p,2p), d'environ un facteur 10, distribuées aléatoirement autour de 60 mb. La comparaison avec les modèles semi-classiques suggère que ces deux systématiques peuvent être expliquées par le rôle important des corrélations d'appariement dans les systématiques de réactions directes induites par les noyaux exotiques. Enfin, des simulations électrostatiques ont été menés pour optimiser la cage de champ électrique de la chambre de projection temporelle MINOS, en vue d'une future application pour un nouveau programme de physique au CERN appelé PUMA. / A predicted N=70 subshell closure in ¹¹⁰Zr has long been considered a potential explanation for the disagreement between theory and observed abundances of the heavy elements near mass 130 resulting from the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). The r-process is not well understood, due in part to the uncertainties of the neutron-rich structure evolution mechanisms. A subshell closure in ¹¹⁰Zr, though unlikely, could result from either a tetrahedral or spherical symmetry. Each of these symmetries leaves distinct fingerprints on the low lying level structure, and thus can be discerned with a simple spectroscopy measurement. The MINOS system has been used at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory of RIKEN in Japan to perform the first spectroscopy of ¹¹⁰Zr. MINOS, developed at CEA-IRFU, combines a thick proton target with a vertex tracker to allow high resolution spectroscopy of rare nuclei. Low lying states in ¹¹⁰Zr were populated via proton removal on the MI- NOS target, and deexcitation gamma rays detected with the DALI2 scintillator array. Results are consistent with a well deformed nucleus. No evidence is found for a subshell closure at N=70 nor tetrahedral symmetry. A complementary study explores inclusive cross sections for (p,2p) and (p,pn) reactions with neutron rich nuclei. Approximately 60 inclusive cross sections have been measured for single nucleon removal on the MINOS target. The (p,2p) systematics reveal an enhanced cross section to odd-Z daughter nuclei, pointing to the importance of pairing correlations. The (p,pn) cross sections are approximately a factor of 10 larger than the (p,2p) cross sections, randomly distributed around 60 mb. Comparison with semi-classical models suggest that both these systematics can be explained by the important role of pairing correlations in direct reaction systematics for exotic nuclei. Finally, the electric field cage of the MINOS time projection chamber is optimized with electrostatic simulations in view of a future application as a pion tracker for antiproton-nucleus collisions in a new physics program at CERN called PUMA.

The structure of exotic nuclei is one of the main interests in current nuclear physics. Exotic nuclei present unusual properties, such as a low breakup energy, a short lifetime and/or a halo structure. Because of their short lifetimes, they can not be studied by usual spectroscopic techniques. Indeed, targets of such nuclei are impossible to build. But since the availability of radioactive beams, nuclear reactions have provided possibilities of exploring nuclei far from stability.<p><p>The investigation of exotic nuclei has been recently reactivated by the development of intense radioactive nuclear beams. As firstly observed for the deuteron, and then for other exotic projectiles such as $^6$He and $^{11}$Be, the internal structures of the interacting nuclei can have a significant effect on the elastic cross sections. Due to their low binding energy, the projectile dissociation process, leaving the target in its ground state, highly affects elastic cross sections but also other measurements such as transfer and fusion reactions. Accurate reaction theories are therefore needed. The coupled discretized-continuum channel (CDCC) method is one of those theories and assumes a projectile made of N clusters (usually N=2 or 3) impinging on a target which is structureless. The N+1-body Schrödinger equation is approximately solved by expanding the total wave function over the bound and continuum states of the projectile. These latter take into account the dissociation events and are approximately described by a truncated set of square-integrable wave functions. There are two available methods for discretizing the continuum, the pseudostate method where the projectile Hamiltonian is diagonalized within a finite basis of square-integrable functions, or the bin method where exact scattering wave functions of the projectile are averaged over bins in a finite region of space. In both cases, the N+1-body Schrödinger equation is replaced by a set of coupled-channel differential equations, which provides the physical quantities such as the collision matrix. In principle, the CDCC method can be very close to the exact N+1-body wave function and is adapted to low as well as to high energy reactions. However, its main interest consists in the low-energy domain.<p><p>In the present work, we propose a new approach to solve the CDCC equations. This method is based on the R-matrix theory associated with a Lagrange mesh basis. We will show that the combination of both approaches provides a fast and accurate technique to solve the CDCC equations, even for large systems, where traditional methods meet convergence problems. Before investigating collisions with exotic projectiles, we restrict ourselves to the simplest nucleus, the deuteron. Then we make a step towards a more complicated system, the $^6$Li which is a well known stable nucleus. We apply the CDCC method to the d + $^{58}$Ni and $^6$Li + $^{40}$Ca elastic scattering and breakup. These systems are considered in the literature as test cases. They have been investigated by several authors who showed the importance of the breakup channels in the elastic cross sections.<p><p>After having validated the present version of the CDCC method, we focus on $^{11}$Be, a typical example of a halo nucleus, with low binding energy and large quadrupole moment. Elastic, inelastic and breakup cross sections are computed in the CDCC formalism, at energies near the Coulomb barrier, where continuum effects in the scattering of exotic nuclei, and more specifically on the $^{11}$Be + $^{64}$Zn scattering, are observed. We show that converged cross sections need high angular momenta as well as large excitation energies in the wave functions of the projectile.<p><p>A Borromean nucleus is made of three constituents which are weakly linked together, but where each pair of those three constituents does not form a bound system. The name "Borromean" comes from the Borromean rings where, if any one of three rings is removed, the remaining two become unbound. Collisions with $^6$He and $^9$Be Borromean projectiles are studied in the present work. Again we compare our method with the $^6$He + $^{208}$Pb and $^6$He + $^{12}$C benchmark calculations. Afterwards, the convergence against the parameters of the description of the $^9$Be projectile is tested for the elastic cross section. The sensitivity to the technique employed to remove the forbidden states and also the sensitivity to the collision energy are investigated. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Halo nuclei are among the strangest nuclear structures.<p>They are viewed as a core containing most of the nucleons<p>surrounded by one or two loosely bound nucleons. <p>These have a high probability of presence at a large distance<p>from the core.<p>Therefore, they constitute a sort of halo surrounding the other nucleons.<p>The core, remaining almost unperturbed by the presence<p>of the halo is seen as a usual nucleus.<p><p><P><p><p>The Coulomb breakup reaction is one of the most useful<p>tools to study these nuclei. It corresponds to the<p>dissociation of the halo from the core during a collision<p>with a heavy (high <I>Z</I>) target.<p>In order to correctly extract information about the structure of<p>these nuclei from experimental cross sections, an accurate<p>theoretical description of this mechanism is necessary.<p><p><P><p><p>In this work, we present a theoretical method<p>for studying the Coulomb breakup of one-nucleon halo nuclei.<p>This method is based on a semiclassical approximation<p>in which the projectile is assumed to follow a classical trajectory.<p>In this approximation, the projectile is seen as evolving<p>in a time-varying potential simulating its interaction with the target.<p>This leads to the resolution of a time-dependent Schrödinger<p>equation for the projectile wave function.<p><p><P><p><p>In our method, the halo nucleus is described<p>with a two-body structure: a pointlike nucleon linked to a<p>pointlike core.<p>In the present state of our model, the interaction between<p>the two clusters is modelled by a local potential.<p><p><P><p><p>The main idea of our method is to expand the projectile wave function<p>on a three-dimensional spherical mesh.<p>With this mesh, the representation of the time-dependent potential<p>is fully diagonal.<p>Furthermore, it leads to a simple<p>representation of the Hamiltonian modelling the halo nucleus.<p>This expansion is used to derive an accurate evolution algorithm.<p><p><P><p><p>With this method, we study the Coulomb breakup<p>of three nuclei: ¹¹Be, ¹⁵C and ⁸B.<p>¹¹Be is the best known one-neutron halo nucleus.<p>Its Coulomb breakup has been extensively studied both experimentally<p>and theoretically.<p>Nevertheless, some uncertainty remains about its structure.<p>The good agreement between our calculations and recent<p>experimental data suggests that it can be seen as a<p><I>s1/2</I> neutron loosely bound to a ¹⁰Be core in its<p>0⁺ ground state.<p>However, the extraction of the corresponding spectroscopic factor<p>have to wait for the publication of these data.<p><p><P><p><p>¹⁵C is a candidate one-neutron halo nucleus<p>whose Coulomb breakup has just been studied experimentally.<p>The results of our model are in good agreement with<p>the preliminary experimental data. It seems therefore that<p>¹⁵C can be seen as a ¹⁴C core in its 0⁺<p>ground state surrounded by a <I>s1/2</I> neutron.<p>Our analysis suggests that the spectroscopic factor<p>corresponding to this configuration should be slightly lower<p>than unity.<p><p><P><p><p>We have also used our method to study the Coulomb breakup<p>of the candidate one-proton halo nucleus ⁸B.<p>Unfortunately, no quantitative agreement could be obtained<p>between our results and the experimental data.<p>This is mainly due to an inaccuracy in the treatment<p>of the results of our calculations.<p>Accordingly, no conclusion can be drawn about the pertinence<p>of the two-body model of ⁸B before an accurate reanalysis of these<p>results.<p><p><P><p><p>In the future, we plan to improve our method in two ways.<p>The first concerns the modelling of the halo nuclei.<p>It would be indeed of particular interest to test<p>other models of halo nuclei than the simple two-body structure<p>used up to now.<p>The second is the extension of this semiclassical model to<p>two-neutron halo nuclei.<p>However, this cannot be achieved<p>without improving significantly the time-evolution algorithm so as to<p>reach affordable computational times. / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo do espalhamento elástico e de reações nucleares dos sistemas exóticos leves 6He+9Be e 7Be+9Be. A colisão 6He+9Be foi medida nas energias de Elab = 16,2 MeV e 21,3 MeV utilizando o sistema RIBRAS (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram medidas distribuições angulares do espalhamento elástico, inelástico e a distribuição de partículas alfa produzidas na colisão 6He+9Be. As distribuições angulares elásticas foram analisadas por cálculos de Modelo Óptico, Canais Acoplados (CC) e Canais Acoplados com Discretização do Contínuo (CDCC). A secção de choque total de reação foi obtida da análise do espalhamento elástico. As distribuições de partículas alfa medidas foram comparadas com os resultados dos cálculos de CDCC para a quebra do projétil 6He e de CC para a quebra do alvo de 9Be e a secção de choque integrada em ângulo foi obtida. Analisamos dados do espalhamento quasielástico 7Be+9Be em Elab = 23,7 MeV que foram obtidos no laboratório CRC de Louvain-la-Neuve, na Bélgica. A distribuição angular quasielástica foi analisada primeiramente utilizando o formalismo de Modelo Óptico, o que forneceu o potencial de interação para este sistema e um fator de normalização para os dados experimentais que não foi obtido no experimento. A contribuição da excitação inelástica do núcleo 7Be na secção de choque quasielástica e a influência dos estados do contínuo no canal elástico foram investigadas por meio de cálculos de Canais Acoplados e de CDCC, respectivamente. A secção de choque total de reação 7Be+9Be foi obtida e comparada com 6He+9Be e outros sistemas da literatura. / A study of the elastic scattering and nuclear reactions in light exotic systems 6He+9Be and 7Be+9Be is presented. The 6He+9Be collision was measured at the energies Elab = 16.2 MeV and 21.3 MeV, using the RIBRAS system (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) of the Institute of Physics of the University of São Paulo. Angular distributions of the elastic and inelastic scattering and the alpha-particles production in the 6He+9Be collision were measured. The elastic scattering angular distributions were analyzed by Optical Model, Coupled Channels (CC) and Continuum- Discretization Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations. The total reaction cross section was obtained from the elastic scattering analysis. The alpha-particle angular distributions were compared with the results of the CDCC calculations for the breakup of the 6He projectile and CC for the breakup of the 9Be target and the angle-integrated cross section have been obtained. The data for the 7Be+9Be quasielastic scattering has been measured at Elab = 23.7 MeV at CRC Radioactive Beam Facility at Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. The quasielastic angular distribution was analyzed firstly using the optical model formalism, which provided the potential for the 7Be+9Be interaction and a normalization factor for the experimental data that was not obtained in the experiment. The contribution of the inelastic excitation of the 7Be nucleus to quasielastic cross sections and the influence of the states of the continuum in the elastic scattering were investigated by Coupled Channels and CDCC calculations. The total reaction cross section 7Be+9Be has been obtained and compared with the 6He+9Be system and other systems of the literature.

Foram medidos, através do chamado Método Direto, as seções de choque de interação (sigmaBARRA) e os raios reduzidos de interação (r IND.o) de isótopos deficientes em nêutrons do ANTIND 31 Ga, ANTIND 32 Ge, ANTIND 33 As, ANTIND 34 Se e ANTIND 35 Br; com massa A DA ORDEM DE 60 - 80. O feixe radioativo, incidente em um detetor alvo de Si, foi produzido plea fragmentação de um feixe de ANTPOT 78 Kr, com energia de 73 MeV/núcleon, num alvo de ANTPOT nat Ni, no Laboratório GANIL, França. Verificou-se um suave decréscimo dos valores de r IND.o com o aumento do número de nêutrons N para praticamente todas as cadeias isotópicas, exceto para a do ANTIND 35 Br. Estes resultados não mostraram correlação com deformações, observadas em alguns núcleos desta região. Cálculos teóricos para os raios destes núcleos utilizando-se o modelo de Glauber, baseado em densidades de matéria nuclear obtidas a partir da teoria de Campo Médio Relativístico, apresentaram uma boa concordância com os valores medidos, sem contudo conseguirem reproduzir a tendência decrescente com N experimentalmente observada. São apresentados, também, os resultados de tentativas feitas para viabilizar o estudo de núcleos exóticos no Laboratório Pelletron do IFUSP. Desenvolveu-se o Método Direto para funcionar nas energias disponíveis neste laboratório, e também determinaram-se as providências necessárias para a produção e separação de núcleos radioativos nas condições ali reinantes. / The interaction cross section sigmaBARRAIND.R and the reduced interaction radii r IND.0 of neutron-deficient, radioactive ANTIND.31 Ga, ANTIND.32 Ge, ANTIND.33 As, ANTIND.34 Se and ANTIND.35 Br isotopes with A DA ORDEM DE 60 80 were measured. The secondary radioactive beam, hitting a Si target/detector system, was produced by the fragmentation of ANTPOT.78 Kr, with 73 MeV/nucleon energy on a ANTPOT.nat Ni target, at the GANIL Laboratory in France. Most elements show reduced radii which decrease slowly with N, with the exception of ANTIND.35 Br. No clear correlations is found between deformation and r IND.0, as observed for charge radii of Kr and Sr. theoretical values of r IND.0 were calculated from Glauber reaction cross-section, based on proton and neutron densities calculated in the Relativistic Mean Field framework. The agreement between theoretical r IND.0 and the data is reasonable, however the decreasing tendency with N is not reproduced. We also present our efforts to produce radioactive beams at Pelletron Laboratory of IFUSP. The Direct Method was implemented at the energies available at Pelletron Laboratory and the problem of the conditions to produce and separate radioactive beams was also addressed.

Foram realizadas medidas das distribuições angulares de espalhamento elástico para os sistemas 12C+28Si e 6He+27Al, em energias próximas da barreira Coulombiana. Para o sistema 12C+28Si as energias de trabalho estão no intervalo Ec.m. = 12.4 - 25.2MeV e para o 6He+27Al foram medidas três energias, Ec.m. = 9.54, 11 e 12MeV. As análises foram realizadas dentro do contexto do Modelo Óptico, onde tanto a parte real quanto a imaginária foram descritas por um Modelo de Interação Não-local, chamado de Potencial de São Paulo. Para as energias acima de Ec.m. = 16.1MeV, para o sistema 12C+28Si, as distribuições angulares são fortemente oscilantes e foram ajustadas introduzindo-se polos de Regge na expressão da matriz-S. As distribuições angulares foram reproduzidas com polos de: l=8, entre 16.1 e 19.6MeV; l=10, entre 16.8 e 22.4MeV; e l=13, entre 20.3 e 23.8MeV; sendo que para algumas energias houve a necessidade da introdução de dois polos. Interpretamos a presença dos polos de Regge, numa região de energia, como estados quasimoleculares com spin J=l, no sistema composto 40Ca. Desta forma, foi previsto a existência de estados com estrutura de cluster 12C+28Si, com J=8+, 10+ e 13-, nas energias 32.4, 33.4 e 35.2MeV no 40Ca. Estes estados concordam bem com previsões teóricas para a banda hiperdeformada no 40Ca. Os resultados para o 6He+27Al foram comparados com os sistemas: 6,7Li, 9Be e 16O, sobre alvo de 27Al, e foi observado que a seção de choque de reação é maior para os sistemas fracamente ligados, particularmente para o núcleo halo 6He, o que nos mostra a evidência da importância da quebra nuclear para estes sistemas leves. / The angular distributions of the elastic scattering for the 12C+28Si and 6He+27Al systems have been measured, in energies close to the Coulomb barrier. For the 12C+28Si system the data were obtained at energies Ec.m. = 12.4 - 25.2MeV and to 6He+27Al system were measured four energies Elab = 9.5, 11, 12 and 13.4MeV. The analysis of the angular distributions was performed using an Optical Potential, where the real and imaginary parts of the potential are described through the Non-local Interaction Model called São Paulo Potential. At energies above Ec.m. = 16.1MeV the strongly oscillatory angular distributions of the 12C+28Si system were fitted introducing Regge poles in the S-matrix. The angular distributions had been reproduced with poles for: l=8, between 16.1 and 19.6MeV; l=10, between 16.8 and 22.4MeV and l=13, between 20.3 and 23.8MeV. For some energies two poles had been introduced in the S-matrix. We interpreted the presence of the Regge poles, in an energy region, as quasimolecular states with spin J=l, in the compound system 40Ca. We determined the existence of states with structure of cluster 12C+28Si, with J=8+, 10+ and 13-, at energies 32.4, 33.4 and 35.2MeV in 40Ca. These states are in good agreement with theoretical calculations for the hyperdeformed band in 40Ca. The results for the 6He+27Al system were compared with the 6,7Li, 9Be and 16O projectiles on 27Al target. The largest reaction cross section for the weakly bound systems, particularly for the halo 6He, shows evidence of the importance of the nuclear break-up for these light systems.

Com a instalação do sistema RIBRAS no Laboratório Pelletron, abriu-se a oportunidade para a realização de experiências com núcleos radioativos, como por exemplo o8Li. Experiências com feixe de 8Li tem sido alvo de interesse, por parte da comunidade ciência, pois reações com esse núcleo permitem a sínteses de elementos mais pesados do que o 7Li, na nucleossíntese primordial. Através, por exemplo, da reação 8Li(4He,n)11B. Neste trabalho utilizou-se o feixe de 8Li, que possui uma meia-vida de 839.9 ms, na medida da reação 8Li(p,4He)5He. Para essas medidas utilizou-se um alvo de polietileno, CH2, com uma espessura de 6.8 mg cm2 . Essa reação e uma das reações que pode diminuir a quantidade de 8Li disponível para que ocorra a reação 8Li(4He,n)11B. Assim uma medida da secção de choque da reação 8Li(p,4He)5He e importante para o calculo de taxa de reações. O feixe de 8Li era produzido no alvo primário, através da interação do feixe primário de 7Li com uma folha de 16¹m de Berílio. Assim nessa folha, entre outras reações, acontecia a reação 9Be(7Li,8Li)8Be cujo Q e 0.36740 MeV. O feixe de 8Li produzido era então focalizado por um solenóide no alvo secundário CH2. Como o alvo secundário era espesso tornou-se possível medir uma função de excitação. Isso acontece pois a medida que o feixe de 8Li vai avançado no alvo, ele vai perdendo energia e tendo acesso ressonâncias do núcleo composto formado, que nesse caso era o 9Be. Mediu-se funções de excitação em quatro energias, para o feixe de 8Li incidente. Sendo elas 19.0, 17.0, 14.5 e 13.2 MeV. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do formalismo de matriz-R utilizando larguras, spins, isospins e energia da ressonância(Er) encontrados na literatura. / With the installation of the RIBRAS system at the Pelletron Laboratory, the oppor- tunity to accomplish experiments with radioactive nuclei, such as 8Li for example, has become possible. Experiments using 8Li beam has been subject of interest for the sci- enti¯c community, because reactions with this nucleus allows the synthesis of elements heavier than 7Li at the primordial nucleossynthesis. For exemple, through the reaction 8Li(4He,n)11B. On this work, the 8Li beam, with a half-life of 839.9 ms, has been used for the measurement of the reaction 8Li(p,4He)5He. For these measurements a polyethilene target, CH2 of 6.8 mg cm2 of width, has been used. This reaction is one of those that can reduce the quantity of 8Li available for the occurrence of the reaction 8Li(4He,n)11B. Then, for reac- tion rates calculations a measurement of the cross section of the reaction 8Li(p,4He)5He is important. The 8Li beam has been produced at the primary target, through the interaction of the 7Li primary beam with a 16¹m berilium foil. On this foil, among others, occured the reaction 9Be(7Li,8Li)8Be, which Q is 0.36740 MeV. The 8Li beam produced was focalized by a solenoid at the CH2 secondary target. As the secondary target was thick it was possible to measure the excitation function. This happens because as the 8Li beam penetrates the target it looses energy and accesses resonances on the compound nucleus formed, which on this case was the 9Be. The excitation functions have been measured in four energies for the 8Li incident beam, namely 19.0, 17.0, 14.5 and 13.2 MeV. The obtained data were analysed through the R-matrix formalism using width, spin, isospin and resonance energy (Er) found on the literature.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo do espalhamento elástico e de reações nucleares dos sistemas exóticos leves 6He+9Be e 7Be+9Be. A colisão 6He+9Be foi medida nas energias de Elab = 16,2 MeV e 21,3 MeV utilizando o sistema RIBRAS (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram medidas distribuições angulares do espalhamento elástico, inelástico e a distribuição de partículas alfa produzidas na colisão 6He+9Be. As distribuições angulares elásticas foram analisadas por cálculos de Modelo Óptico, Canais Acoplados (CC) e Canais Acoplados com Discretização do Contínuo (CDCC). A secção de choque total de reação foi obtida da análise do espalhamento elástico. As distribuições de partículas alfa medidas foram comparadas com os resultados dos cálculos de CDCC para a quebra do projétil 6He e de CC para a quebra do alvo de 9Be e a secção de choque integrada em ângulo foi obtida. Analisamos dados do espalhamento quasielástico 7Be+9Be em Elab = 23,7 MeV que foram obtidos no laboratório CRC de Louvain-la-Neuve, na Bélgica. A distribuição angular quasielástica foi analisada primeiramente utilizando o formalismo de Modelo Óptico, o que forneceu o potencial de interação para este sistema e um fator de normalização para os dados experimentais que não foi obtido no experimento. A contribuição da excitação inelástica do núcleo 7Be na secção de choque quasielástica e a influência dos estados do contínuo no canal elástico foram investigadas por meio de cálculos de Canais Acoplados e de CDCC, respectivamente. A secção de choque total de reação 7Be+9Be foi obtida e comparada com 6He+9Be e outros sistemas da literatura. / A study of the elastic scattering and nuclear reactions in light exotic systems 6He+9Be and 7Be+9Be is presented. The 6He+9Be collision was measured at the energies Elab = 16.2 MeV and 21.3 MeV, using the RIBRAS system (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) of the Institute of Physics of the University of São Paulo. Angular distributions of the elastic and inelastic scattering and the alpha-particles production in the 6He+9Be collision were measured. The elastic scattering angular distributions were analyzed by Optical Model, Coupled Channels (CC) and Continuum- Discretization Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations. The total reaction cross section was obtained from the elastic scattering analysis. The alpha-particle angular distributions were compared with the results of the CDCC calculations for the breakup of the 6He projectile and CC for the breakup of the 9Be target and the angle-integrated cross section have been obtained. The data for the 7Be+9Be quasielastic scattering has been measured at Elab = 23.7 MeV at CRC Radioactive Beam Facility at Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. The quasielastic angular distribution was analyzed firstly using the optical model formalism, which provided the potential for the 7Be+9Be interaction and a normalization factor for the experimental data that was not obtained in the experiment. The contribution of the inelastic excitation of the 7Be nucleus to quasielastic cross sections and the influence of the states of the continuum in the elastic scattering were investigated by Coupled Channels and CDCC calculations. The total reaction cross section 7Be+9Be has been obtained and compared with the 6He+9Be system and other systems of the literature.

Com a instalação do sistema RIBRAS no Laboratório Pelletron, abriu-se a oportunidade para a realização de experiências com núcleos radioativos, como por exemplo o8Li. Experiências com feixe de 8Li tem sido alvo de interesse, por parte da comunidade ciência, pois reações com esse núcleo permitem a sínteses de elementos mais pesados do que o 7Li, na nucleossíntese primordial. Através, por exemplo, da reação 8Li(4He,n)11B. Neste trabalho utilizou-se o feixe de 8Li, que possui uma meia-vida de 839.9 ms, na medida da reação 8Li(p,4He)5He. Para essas medidas utilizou-se um alvo de polietileno, CH2, com uma espessura de 6.8 mg cm2 . Essa reação e uma das reações que pode diminuir a quantidade de 8Li disponível para que ocorra a reação 8Li(4He,n)11B. Assim uma medida da secção de choque da reação 8Li(p,4He)5He e importante para o calculo de taxa de reações. O feixe de 8Li era produzido no alvo primário, através da interação do feixe primário de 7Li com uma folha de 16¹m de Berílio. Assim nessa folha, entre outras reações, acontecia a reação 9Be(7Li,8Li)8Be cujo Q e 0.36740 MeV. O feixe de 8Li produzido era então focalizado por um solenóide no alvo secundário CH2. Como o alvo secundário era espesso tornou-se possível medir uma função de excitação. Isso acontece pois a medida que o feixe de 8Li vai avançado no alvo, ele vai perdendo energia e tendo acesso ressonâncias do núcleo composto formado, que nesse caso era o 9Be. Mediu-se funções de excitação em quatro energias, para o feixe de 8Li incidente. Sendo elas 19.0, 17.0, 14.5 e 13.2 MeV. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do formalismo de matriz-R utilizando larguras, spins, isospins e energia da ressonância(Er) encontrados na literatura. / With the installation of the RIBRAS system at the Pelletron Laboratory, the oppor- tunity to accomplish experiments with radioactive nuclei, such as 8Li for example, has become possible. Experiments using 8Li beam has been subject of interest for the sci- enti¯c community, because reactions with this nucleus allows the synthesis of elements heavier than 7Li at the primordial nucleossynthesis. For exemple, through the reaction 8Li(4He,n)11B. On this work, the 8Li beam, with a half-life of 839.9 ms, has been used for the measurement of the reaction 8Li(p,4He)5He. For these measurements a polyethilene target, CH2 of 6.8 mg cm2 of width, has been used. This reaction is one of those that can reduce the quantity of 8Li available for the occurrence of the reaction 8Li(4He,n)11B. Then, for reac- tion rates calculations a measurement of the cross section of the reaction 8Li(p,4He)5He is important. The 8Li beam has been produced at the primary target, through the interaction of the 7Li primary beam with a 16¹m berilium foil. On this foil, among others, occured the reaction 9Be(7Li,8Li)8Be, which Q is 0.36740 MeV. The 8Li beam produced was focalized by a solenoid at the CH2 secondary target. As the secondary target was thick it was possible to measure the excitation function. This happens because as the 8Li beam penetrates the target it looses energy and accesses resonances on the compound nucleus formed, which on this case was the 9Be. The excitation functions have been measured in four energies for the 8Li incident beam, namely 19.0, 17.0, 14.5 and 13.2 MeV. The obtained data were analysed through the R-matrix formalism using width, spin, isospin and resonance energy (Er) found on the literature.

Foram realizadas medidas das distribuições angulares de espalhamento elástico para os sistemas 12C+28Si e 6He+27Al, em energias próximas da barreira Coulombiana. Para o sistema 12C+28Si as energias de trabalho estão no intervalo Ec.m. = 12.4 - 25.2MeV e para o 6He+27Al foram medidas três energias, Ec.m. = 9.54, 11 e 12MeV. As análises foram realizadas dentro do contexto do Modelo Óptico, onde tanto a parte real quanto a imaginária foram descritas por um Modelo de Interação Não-local, chamado de Potencial de São Paulo. Para as energias acima de Ec.m. = 16.1MeV, para o sistema 12C+28Si, as distribuições angulares são fortemente oscilantes e foram ajustadas introduzindo-se polos de Regge na expressão da matriz-S. As distribuições angulares foram reproduzidas com polos de: l=8, entre 16.1 e 19.6MeV; l=10, entre 16.8 e 22.4MeV; e l=13, entre 20.3 e 23.8MeV; sendo que para algumas energias houve a necessidade da introdução de dois polos. Interpretamos a presença dos polos de Regge, numa região de energia, como estados quasimoleculares com spin J=l, no sistema composto 40Ca. Desta forma, foi previsto a existência de estados com estrutura de cluster 12C+28Si, com J=8+, 10+ e 13-, nas energias 32.4, 33.4 e 35.2MeV no 40Ca. Estes estados concordam bem com previsões teóricas para a banda hiperdeformada no 40Ca. Os resultados para o 6He+27Al foram comparados com os sistemas: 6,7Li, 9Be e 16O, sobre alvo de 27Al, e foi observado que a seção de choque de reação é maior para os sistemas fracamente ligados, particularmente para o núcleo halo 6He, o que nos mostra a evidência da importância da quebra nuclear para estes sistemas leves. / The angular distributions of the elastic scattering for the 12C+28Si and 6He+27Al systems have been measured, in energies close to the Coulomb barrier. For the 12C+28Si system the data were obtained at energies Ec.m. = 12.4 - 25.2MeV and to 6He+27Al system were measured four energies Elab = 9.5, 11, 12 and 13.4MeV. The analysis of the angular distributions was performed using an Optical Potential, where the real and imaginary parts of the potential are described through the Non-local Interaction Model called São Paulo Potential. At energies above Ec.m. = 16.1MeV the strongly oscillatory angular distributions of the 12C+28Si system were fitted introducing Regge poles in the S-matrix. The angular distributions had been reproduced with poles for: l=8, between 16.1 and 19.6MeV; l=10, between 16.8 and 22.4MeV and l=13, between 20.3 and 23.8MeV. For some energies two poles had been introduced in the S-matrix. We interpreted the presence of the Regge poles, in an energy region, as quasimolecular states with spin J=l, in the compound system 40Ca. We determined the existence of states with structure of cluster 12C+28Si, with J=8+, 10+ and 13-, at energies 32.4, 33.4 and 35.2MeV in 40Ca. These states are in good agreement with theoretical calculations for the hyperdeformed band in 40Ca. The results for the 6He+27Al system were compared with the 6,7Li, 9Be and 16O projectiles on 27Al target. The largest reaction cross section for the weakly bound systems, particularly for the halo 6He, shows evidence of the importance of the nuclear break-up for these light systems.