Expulsion under international law - Abstract The purpose of my thesis is to analyze legislation of expulsion under international public law and comparison with draft articles of United Nation International Law Commission, that works on the topic for several years. The main aim of the thesis is to investigate if contemporary international legislation on expulsion provides protection of human rights of the aliens or if it prefers the state's right to expel the alien and compare today situation with work of UN International Law Commission that might result in a new international treaty in the future. The thesis is composed of eight chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the expulsion. Each chapter contains a partial conclusion. Chapter One is introductory and describes the research question and explains content of next chapters. Chapter Two defines used methodology and used literature. Chapter Three is subdivided into five parts. First two parts describe a right of a state to expel an alien and its development. Part Three deals with limits of the right to expel, mainly describes human right that can be affected by expulsion. Part Four focuses on definition of target country of the expulsion and part Five focuses on a definition of an alien. Chapter Four defines basic terminology used in the...

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-11-11T11:53:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIONIVALDO ROSA PIRES.pdf: 2859981 bytes, checksum: bf75090423870d3c2180c351665b4bbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T11:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIONIVALDO ROSA PIRES.pdf: 2859981 bytes, checksum: bf75090423870d3c2180c351665b4bbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / This research aims to investigate exegetically professed faith in John 9:7b-38. The goal is to demonstrate that, from the itinerary traveled by the typological figure of the former blind, narrated in John 9:7b-38, the community builds up smartly and boldly its protagonism and its history, becoming a source of inspiration and alternative response to the Synagogue that questions, intimates, intimidates and expels (9:18.22.34). The study, from a hermeneutic bias, presents the situation and the reality of the first century in which lived the Johannine community, punctuating his existential trajectory. It reflects on the use and semantics of the term Jews, highlighting which the identity and role that it assumes. Starting with the semantics of verbs and keywords of the pericope, it seeks to respond to a controversy with the Jews. We Seek to analyze exegetically the judicial process through which the former blind was submitted and his faith profession and how his protagonism was developed, thus making the story a literary response to the historical moment. The research aims to highlight the consequences of former blind confession/protagonism. On the one hand, the expelling; on the other, the accusation forged the gradual gestation of the community identity and building of its christological confession through major titles proclaimed by the former blind man: at the beginning it is only a man named Jesus (9:11), but not only; then a prophet (9:17) and, at last, the Son of Man (9:35). Finally, the former blind protagonism becomes synonymous with professed faith and therefore prophetic paradigm, inspiring and alternative promoter precisely because he preferred to be expelled out of the synagogue in order to remain faithful to the community. / A presente pesquisa se propõe a inquirir exegeticamente a fé professada em Jo 9,7b-38. Objetiva-se demonstrar que, a partir do itinerário percorrido pela figura tipológica do ex-cego, narrado em Jo 9,7b-38, a comunidade constrói inteligente e ousadamente seu protagonismo e sua história, sendo fonte de inspiração e resposta alternativa frente à Sinagoga que interroga, intima, intimida e expulsa (9,18.22.34). O estudo, a partir de um viés hermenêutico, apresenta a situação e a realidade do primeiro século na qual viveu a comunidade joanina, pontuando sua trajetória existencial. Reflete sobre o uso e semântica do termo os Judeus, destacando qual a identidade e função que o mesmo assume. Iniciando pela semântica dos verbos e palavras chave da perícope, busca-se responder a uma polêmica com os Judeus. Procura-se analisar exegeticamente o processo judiciário que o ex-cego é submetido e sua profissão de fé e como se desenvolve seu protagonismo, tornando assim, a narrativa uma resposta literária ao momento histórico. A pesquisa pretende ressaltar as consequências da confissão/protagonismo do ex-cego. De um lado, a expulsão; do outro, a incriminação forçou a gestação gradual da identidade da comunidade e a construção de sua confissão cristológica por meio dos títulos importantes proclamados pelo ex-cego: no início é apenas um homem chamado Jesus (9,11), mas não só; em seguida um profeta (9,17) e, enfim, o Filho do Homem (9,35). Finalmente, o protagonismo do ex-cego se torna sinônimo de fé professada e, portanto, paradigma profético, inspirador e promotor de alternativas justamente porque prefere ser expulso da Sinagoga para continuar sendo fiel à comunidade.

The Republic of China¡¦s Legislative Yuan approved International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Enforcement Act of the two international human right covenants on March 31 th , 2009. The President promulgated the Enforcement Act of the two international human right covenants on April 22 th , 2009, and ratified the two international human right covenants on May 14th, 2009. Subsequently, the President ordered the Executive branch to promptly formulate a complete set of relevant legislative framework to domesticate the two international human right covenants. Such move symbolizes that the government has taken a significant step forward on the human right issues. Presently, the government should comprehensively review all the laws, regulations, administrative ordinances, and administrative measures for the protection and deepening of human rights especially after the ratification of the two international human right covenants. Under the contemporary trend of embracing human rights, democratic states have incorporated alien into their national fundamental rights protection system. Within the scope of protection, aliens enjoy the same fundamental human rights as that of the country¡¦s nationals, and are equally protected under the constitution. However, aliens are different from nationals in certain regards. Therefore, on the issues of the suffrage, social welfare, and economic human rights, discrimination toward aliens are permissible under the two international human right covenants and the constitutions of each state. However, according to constitutional equal protection theory, discrimination on aliens could not be premised on prejudice, unless there is a legitimate purpose and reasonably distinguishable criteria. Under international human rights development in the 20th century, international norms likewise influence the rights enjoyed by aliens and the treatments to alien in a state, in addition to limits stipulated by constitution and the laws of the state. The research purpose of this thesis is to discuss if the rights enjoyed by aliens and the treatment of aliens in our state conform with the two international human right covenants and consistent with the equal protection principle under the ROC constitution. In addition to the category of alien, there is a distinct set of laws and regulations that apply to people from the Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau in Republic of China (Taiwan). To appreciate a macro picture, the scope of the article will include aliens, people from the Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau, and identify the legal status of each category of people in Republic of China (Taiwan). Based on the aforementioned research purpose, the thesis will firstly introduce the contents of the two international human right covenants and the constitutions of each state in order to understand the fundamental human rights that aliens enjoy. The thesis will also illustrate the discriminations permitted by the constitution of each state and the two international human right covenants, and refer to the legislative and judicial practice of each state, to analyze and identify reasonable discrimination criteria and judicial review standards for aliens in each state. Based upon the above criteria, the article will proceed to survey and discuss the relevant applicable regulations to aliens, people from the Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau in Republic of China (Taiwan), and also review the multi-track legislative model. I will explore the existing norms and describe their inconsistencies with the two international human right covenants or their violations of the equal protection principle under the Constitution, and make recommendations for the legislators to amend the relevant legislations accordingly.

Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar a regulamentação da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio na sociedade empresária limitada no direito brasileiro, tendo como núcleo da pesquisa a incidência e aplicação das disposições do artigo 1.085 do Código Civil sobre o tema, a partir do qual são abordados os requisitos de ordem material e procedimental necessários para que se possa lançar mão de tal ferramenta jurídica, que tem por principal objetivo a proteção da empresa e de sua continuidade diante dos atos de inegável gravidade praticados pelos sócios minoritários. Busca-se analisar os elementos que permitam uma compreensão do instituto a fim de facilitar e disseminar sua utilização. Para tanto, aborda-se no primeiro capítulo os pressupostos deontológicos do contrato de sociedade limitada no direito brasileiro, com a análise dos deveres dos sócios e da utilização do fim social como parâmetro interpretativo da conduta dos sócios frente tais deveres. No segundo capitulo é abordada a justa causa da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio no Código Civil brasileiro, sendo realizada a apresentação das justas causas da exclusão judicial e extrajudicial de sócio, para que, posteriormente, seja abordado o conceito de atos de inegável gravidade que coloquem em risco a continuidade da empresa. No terceiro parágrafo são analisados os requisitos prévios ao conclave no qual será tomada a deliberação de exclusão de sócio. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo são abordados os requisitos formais relativos ao conclave no qual a deliberação do sócio será tomada. / This master thesis proposes to examine the regulation of the non-judicial expel of a partner from the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law. The research has as its core the provisions of the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code, from which it examines the material and the procedural requirements for the company to use the legal tool represented by the non-judicial expel of a partner. The main purpose of such non-judicial expel is to protect the company and the continuity of its enterprise, regarding the undeniable gravity of acts committed by the minority of shareholders. This essay aims to analyse the elements that allow an understanding of the institute to facilitate and disseminate their use. For that, it is discussed in the first chapter the ethical assumptions of the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law, with the analysis of the partners duties and the use of the company purposes as an interpretative parameter of the members conduct considering those duties. In the second chapter it is addressed the cause of the non-judicial expel of a partner in the Brazilian Civil Code. In this part of the essay, the causes of judicial and non-judicial expel of a partner will be compared to gather the elements to analyse the concept used by the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code: the acts of undeniable gravity to bring the enterprise continuity into risk. In the third chapter, the requirements prior to the conclave, in which the determination of expel of a partner will be taken, are analysed. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the formal requirements concerning the conclave in which the expel of the partner will be decided.

Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar a regulamentação da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio na sociedade empresária limitada no direito brasileiro, tendo como núcleo da pesquisa a incidência e aplicação das disposições do artigo 1.085 do Código Civil sobre o tema, a partir do qual são abordados os requisitos de ordem material e procedimental necessários para que se possa lançar mão de tal ferramenta jurídica, que tem por principal objetivo a proteção da empresa e de sua continuidade diante dos atos de inegável gravidade praticados pelos sócios minoritários. Busca-se analisar os elementos que permitam uma compreensão do instituto a fim de facilitar e disseminar sua utilização. Para tanto, aborda-se no primeiro capítulo os pressupostos deontológicos do contrato de sociedade limitada no direito brasileiro, com a análise dos deveres dos sócios e da utilização do fim social como parâmetro interpretativo da conduta dos sócios frente tais deveres. No segundo capitulo é abordada a justa causa da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio no Código Civil brasileiro, sendo realizada a apresentação das justas causas da exclusão judicial e extrajudicial de sócio, para que, posteriormente, seja abordado o conceito de atos de inegável gravidade que coloquem em risco a continuidade da empresa. No terceiro parágrafo são analisados os requisitos prévios ao conclave no qual será tomada a deliberação de exclusão de sócio. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo são abordados os requisitos formais relativos ao conclave no qual a deliberação do sócio será tomada. / This master thesis proposes to examine the regulation of the non-judicial expel of a partner from the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law. The research has as its core the provisions of the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code, from which it examines the material and the procedural requirements for the company to use the legal tool represented by the non-judicial expel of a partner. The main purpose of such non-judicial expel is to protect the company and the continuity of its enterprise, regarding the undeniable gravity of acts committed by the minority of shareholders. This essay aims to analyse the elements that allow an understanding of the institute to facilitate and disseminate their use. For that, it is discussed in the first chapter the ethical assumptions of the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law, with the analysis of the partners duties and the use of the company purposes as an interpretative parameter of the members conduct considering those duties. In the second chapter it is addressed the cause of the non-judicial expel of a partner in the Brazilian Civil Code. In this part of the essay, the causes of judicial and non-judicial expel of a partner will be compared to gather the elements to analyse the concept used by the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code: the acts of undeniable gravity to bring the enterprise continuity into risk. In the third chapter, the requirements prior to the conclave, in which the determination of expel of a partner will be taken, are analysed. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the formal requirements concerning the conclave in which the expel of the partner will be decided.

Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar a regulamentação da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio na sociedade empresária limitada no direito brasileiro, tendo como núcleo da pesquisa a incidência e aplicação das disposições do artigo 1.085 do Código Civil sobre o tema, a partir do qual são abordados os requisitos de ordem material e procedimental necessários para que se possa lançar mão de tal ferramenta jurídica, que tem por principal objetivo a proteção da empresa e de sua continuidade diante dos atos de inegável gravidade praticados pelos sócios minoritários. Busca-se analisar os elementos que permitam uma compreensão do instituto a fim de facilitar e disseminar sua utilização. Para tanto, aborda-se no primeiro capítulo os pressupostos deontológicos do contrato de sociedade limitada no direito brasileiro, com a análise dos deveres dos sócios e da utilização do fim social como parâmetro interpretativo da conduta dos sócios frente tais deveres. No segundo capitulo é abordada a justa causa da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio no Código Civil brasileiro, sendo realizada a apresentação das justas causas da exclusão judicial e extrajudicial de sócio, para que, posteriormente, seja abordado o conceito de atos de inegável gravidade que coloquem em risco a continuidade da empresa. No terceiro parágrafo são analisados os requisitos prévios ao conclave no qual será tomada a deliberação de exclusão de sócio. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo são abordados os requisitos formais relativos ao conclave no qual a deliberação do sócio será tomada. / This master thesis proposes to examine the regulation of the non-judicial expel of a partner from the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law. The research has as its core the provisions of the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code, from which it examines the material and the procedural requirements for the company to use the legal tool represented by the non-judicial expel of a partner. The main purpose of such non-judicial expel is to protect the company and the continuity of its enterprise, regarding the undeniable gravity of acts committed by the minority of shareholders. This essay aims to analyse the elements that allow an understanding of the institute to facilitate and disseminate their use. For that, it is discussed in the first chapter the ethical assumptions of the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law, with the analysis of the partners duties and the use of the company purposes as an interpretative parameter of the members conduct considering those duties. In the second chapter it is addressed the cause of the non-judicial expel of a partner in the Brazilian Civil Code. In this part of the essay, the causes of judicial and non-judicial expel of a partner will be compared to gather the elements to analyse the concept used by the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code: the acts of undeniable gravity to bring the enterprise continuity into risk. In the third chapter, the requirements prior to the conclave, in which the determination of expel of a partner will be taken, are analysed. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the formal requirements concerning the conclave in which the expel of the partner will be decided.

New legal regulation of the private law contained in the New Civil Code and the Business Corporations Act has brought plenty of changes also in the status of a board of directors' member in a joint stock company. Both codes have brought new terminology, new institutes and clarification of the rules known from the legal regulation before the recodification. On one hand there is certain loosening in the decision making of statutory bodies of business corporations, on the other hand there is tightening of sanctions for cases of failure. This diploma thesis introduces major institutes of legal regulation related to the status of a board of directors' member and provides a basic comparison with the legal regulation before the recodification.