The work of Wearn (1933) describing the myocardial circulation, with its myocardial sinusoids and arterio-luminal vessels, was confirmed by Vineberg in 1945. He reported implanting the left internal mammary artery into the wall of the left ventricle. The intercostal branches were open and bled freely into the myocardial tunnel through which the internal mammary artery had been drawn. In no single instance, in either animal or human heart, was there a myocardial hematoma. The implanted arteries not only remained open, but sent out branches which anastomosed with those of the surrounding coronary vessels.

Notwithstanding extensive studies carried out by numerous investigators in this field, the exact mechanism of fat metabolism still remains unknown. However, it would be uncorrect to state that no significant advances have been made in recent years. As a matter of fact, the new methods available have enabled biochemists, pathologists and clinical investigators not only to re-search, (quoting Dr. Skoryna), some of the older findings, but also to throw some light on the intricate processes in fat absorption which were unapproachable by older methods.

Attention has been drawn to the complex problem of the neurogenic bladder by the increased incidence of spinal cord trauma in civilian and war casualties. Improvement in the immediate care of the injuries has resulted in a greater initial salvage rate. The increased population of patients with neurogenic bladders suggests a need for re-evaluating the fundamental aspects of this problem. The physiology and pathology of the normal and neurogenic bladder have been studied. The utilization of substitute bladders in these cases has not been fully explored.

The production of acute uremia in the experimental animal has been achieved with much success. Various procedures that deal with its production have been described. There are articles in medical literature that have been written on the production of an asotemia or uremia that follows a chrome pattern, yet none deals with it as a process that is prolonged, gradual and sustained, maintaining the experimental animal relatively free of untoward signs and symptoms of the condition produced.

A study of vein grafts used for the relief of venous obstruction of the dog's hind leg was undertaken to find out how feasible and helpful a similar procedure would be in Post-Phlebitic Syndrome in the human. The use of vein grafts implanted into the venous system has had little attention compared to the extensive studies on arterial grafts. It has been established that grafts, both autogenous and of plastic cloth weave, have been successful in major veins such as the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. Little attention has been paid to veno-venous grafts of small caliber, and it is the general impression that thrombosis of such a graft is almost certain.

Calcium metabolism represents one of the most interesting chapters of modern investigation. Metabolic studies were carried out for the past quoter of the century and the names of Cox (1936), Korelitz (1937), McCance (1936), Thomas (1952) Hansard (1953), Nicolaysen (1953), Harrison (1955), Comar (1957), Dupuis (1957), Singer (1957), McDona1d (1957), Bekemeier (1959), Haavaldsen (1958), Palmer (1958), Linkis (1957) are permanently assorted with the advances made in this large field. The absorptive surface of the small intestine in man is estimated to exceed 10 square meters or about 8 times the area of skin of an average adult (Harkins, 1957).

Thrombosis and blood coagulation are dynamic processes necessary for the maintenance of circulatory hemostasis. As well as preventing life threatening loss of blood during surgery or accidental wounding, the process is concerned with the more subtle preservation of the integrity of small blood vessels and quickly plugs vessels when a solution of continuity occurs. Hemostasis depends on a combination of three factors. These are the integrity of the capillary and blood vessel wall, circulating blood platelets and a number of clotting factors of which eleven have been isolated. Inefficiency of one or a combination of these factors leads to athrombocytopenic purpura, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia and various other abnormal bleeding states.

The man produced radiation had been with us for nearly three-quarters of a century. It represents an element which has significant impact on nearly every phase of human life. In the latter part of last century, the experiments with vaccum dischargers have led to the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895. This was soon followed by Becherel's (1896) discovery of radiation from radiactive materials. Within months it was recognized that each of these radiation could have injurious effect upon persons exposed to it. The increasing incidence of radiation damage had culminated in the establishment of International Commission of Radiological Protection in 1928.

The cutaneous burn and the problem of effective therapy, especially in the more extensive ones, is profound and interest in it dates back many decades. In this paper, we are presenting the problem of cellular injury resulting from the application of heat to living tissue, otherwise known as a "thermal burn". There are numerous varieties of thermal burns aptly named according to the physical nature of the heat emitting agent. Amongst these are electrical burns resulting from contact with a “live electric current”, flash burns secondary to intense radiant energy, flame burns produced by contact with flames from any flamable agent, and scald burns resulting from contact with high temperature liquids to mention only a few.

The importance of removing the epicardium for myocardial revascularization was recognized by Beck in 1935. Beek and Tichy (1935) recommended removal of the epicardium irrespective of the graft or material used, be it talc powder, pericardium, pericardial fat, mediastinal tissue, pleura, etc. Beck believed that the epicardium was a barrier to the development of extra-coronary vessels. Further, he stated that a pressure differential was necessary to promote anastomoses between the cardiac and extra-cardiac vascular beds.