Shock is a ubiquitous term. It is a term commonly heard in both scientific and non-scientific environments. It is a term so commonly used that it's meaning has become clouded. A perusal of scientific literature reveals a varied interpretation. This variety of opinion has led many to refrain from using the term, and some to suggest is abandonment. [...]

Strontium originating from nuclear detonations has now been disseminated throughout the globe and measurable quantities of this radionuclide are present in practically all surface soil, food and human bone. The biological chain of radiostrontium has been extensively investigated in the last two decades. These have shown that strontium is similar but not identical with calcium in its metabolic behaviour in mammals. [...]

Ventricular fibrillation is the usual fatal episode in the natural history of coronary artery disease. First described by Ludwig and Hoffa in 1849 (1), it continues to confuse the medical intellect, killing when anatomic disease is mild and stopping a good heart as readily as a damaged heart. [...]

The establishment or special treatment and rehabilitation centres has greatly improved the outlook in paraplegia, but serious chronic urological complications are still much too common. Any new approach is welcome and it is interesting to note that experimentation on electrical stimulation or the bladder bas now reached a clinical stage. [...]

Fourteen million Amerieans suffer from heart disease and another fourteen million are suspect (124). About half of the deaths each year in the United States and Canada are due to cardiovascular causes and of these 20% result from coronary artery disease (279). In Canada about 43,000 persons annually succumb to acute heart attacks (50). In the United States, 8oo,ooo persons sutfer from coronary occlusion and myocardial intarction each year and approximately 25% die during their first attack. The surviving 75% are relatively incapacitated and one third never return to gainf'ul employment. Many suffer from angina pectoris and such persons live an average of ten years after the onset of symptoms, with the statistical anticipation of dying from coronary heart disease or its complication (33, 140). [...]

In recent years, vagotomy has became an essential part of the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer. It is generally accepted that the success of vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer is related to its effect on acid secretion. [...]

The intricate secretory mechanisms of the normal pancreas maintain homeostasis in the human by their harmonious oontribution to the endocrine and exocrine systems of the body. These systems directly reflect any deviation from normal pancreatic function. [...]

Cancer is almost as old and pervasively present as life itself. Its toll has mounted relentlessly through recorded history, and its claim of human life to-day is second only to circulatory diseases. The word cancer is Latin for 'crab'. [...]

The science of extracorporeal circulation is very new. This past decade has witnessed the introduction and subsequent development of temporary extracorporeal circulation as a routine surgical technique which permits the cardiovascular surgeon to repair otherwise incurable lesions in and around the heart. Since the inception of these techniques a great deal of attention has been focused upon problems relating to blood oxygenation and selection of a particular pump with minimum biological effect on the circulating blood. [...]

Constancy of the form of living cells is one of their most important psysiological characteristics. This is possible only when intracellular and extracellular osmotic pressure is constant. Equal osmotic pressure between the two sidas of cell membranes is provided by the so-called pump mechaaism(s) of ion movements. [...]