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Orientador: Osvair Vidal Trevisan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T16:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torres_DiegoMartins_M.pdf: 2427888 bytes, checksum: 01e4a5a345f2937373fd5e872ad573f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A injeção de vapor é uma das técnicas mais utilizadas em todo o mundo para a recuperação de óleos pesados. O escopo do presente trabalho é o da proposição de uma bancada para estudos experimentais dessa técnica. A bancada é detalhada, dando-se ênfase aos seus principais componentes, tais como: gerador de vapor, controle do título do vapor e os protótipos de injeção, um tubo para estudo do processo de injeção contínua de vapor, e uma célula para estudo do processo de drenagem gravitacional assistida por vapor (SAGD - Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage). Baseados nos modelos experimentais, modelos numéricos são criados e realiza-se uma série de simulações para prever o comportamento dos modelos para diferentes valores de propriedades de rocha e de fluidos. Com as simulações buscou-se conhecer as faixas de parâmetros para o funcionamento da bancada, o comportamento das curvas de recuperação de óleo, os perfis de pressão e temperatura ao longo do tempo, estimar a saturação residual do óleo e prever a dinâmica da expansão da câmara de vapor dentro dos modelos de injeção. / Abstract: Steam injection is one of the most widely used techniques in the word for heavy oil recovery. The scope of this work refers to the proposition of an experimental apparatus for studying this technique. The apparatus is detailed, with emphasis on its major components, such as: steam generator, steam quality control and the injection prototypes: a tube to study the steam flooding process, and a cell to study the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) method. Based on the experimental models, numerical models are created and a series of simulation runs is carried out to predict the models behavior for different values of rock and fluid properties. The simulation tests are useful to identify the parameters range for the proper functioning of apparatus, the oil production curves behavior, the pressure and temperature profiles over time, to estimate the residual oil saturation and to predict the steam chamber expansion dynamics inside the injection models. / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

The purpose of this thesis is preparation experiments, which are used for testing four stroke combustion engine and for creation themes for subject Construct machines-gadgetry. The diploma thesis contains compendium actual experimental gauging four stroke combustion engines. Characteristics of testing engine for creat themes are inaugurated in final part of diploma thesis.

Les matériaux hygroscopiques, et tout particulièrement le bois et ses dérivés possèdent des propriétés complexes rendant difficile la modélisation des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse dans les parois incluant ces matériaux. De ce fait, très peu d'outils numériques sont aujourd'hui capables de prédire correctement la performance hygrothermique de l'habitat bois. L'objectif de ce travail est de caractériser expérimentalement les transferts chaleur-masse dans les parois des constructions bois afin de valider un outil numérique destiné à simuler le comportement hygrothermique des parois comportant des matériaux hygroscopiques. Dans un premier temps, les notions théoriques et les études antérieures sur les transferts couplés chaleur - masse sont présentés. Ensuite, nous donnons un descriptif détaillé du dispositif expérimental conçu pour caractériser les transferts couplés chaleur-masse dans les parois. Les expériences de caractérisation des performances hygrothermiques des parois fournies par les industriels partenaires du projet TRANSBATIBOIS dans lequel s'inscrit cette thèse sont également abordées. Nous détaillons par la suite les expériences réalisées ainsi que la phase de confrontation des résultats expérimentaux avec les résultats prédits par le code numérique BuildingPore et l'outil commercial WUFI. La troisième partie de ce travail est consacrée aux expérimentations à l'échelle de l'enveloppe. Nous y présentons une analyse de la performance hygrothermique et des consommations énergétiques des constructions bois à travers le suivi de modules-test exposés au climat extérieur. La dernière partie du travail est consacrée aux dispositifs de suivi de bâtiments. / Coupled heat and moisture transfer through hygroscopic materials, particularly wood and wood-based products are difficult to model. This is partly due to some specific and complex properties of these materials that are often not included in numerical models. Currently, only a few numerical models are able to predict accurately the hygrothermal performance of wooden building envelope. The aim of this work is to assess the heat and moisture transfer in wooden building envelope through experiments and validate the prediction capacity of a numerical model developed to simulate hygrothermal behavior of envelope including wooden materials. After giving a theoretical reminder of the coupled heat and moisture transfer through building envelope and reporting the results of previous studies in this field, we will give details of the experimental investigation on heat and moisture transfer through timber walls. Firstly, the experimental apparatus used for the wall tests is presented. Then, we will analysis the hygrothermal performance of wooden walls provided by the partners of the TRANSBATIBOIS project in which this work was achieved. Experimental works achieved for Buildingpore model validation and results of the comparisons between experimental assessment and numerical predictions with Buildingpore and WUFI are also reported. The third part of this study deals with the experimental assessment of wooden building envelopes exposed to climatic conditions. An analysis of the hygrothermal performance and the energy consumption of wooden test-cells is performed and reported in this part. The latest part concerns experimental works on buildings.

Ces travaux consistent à mettre en place un dispositif expérimental BOS3D permettant la reconstruction du champ de masse volumique instantané d'un écoulement ainsi qu'à développer un algorithme de reconstruction permettant une mise à disposition rapide des résultats ainsi qu'une robustesse liée à un nombre faible de points de vue. La démarche a consisté dans un premier temps à développer un algorithme de reconstruction BOS3D applicable à toutes les configurations expérimentales. Pour cela, le problème direct a été reformulé sous forme algébrique et un critère a été défini. Cette formulation ainsi que les équations issues des méthodes d'optimisation nécessaires à la minimisation du critère ont été parallélisés pour permettre une implémentation sur GPU. Cet algorithme a ensuite été testé sur des cas de références issus de calcul numérique afin de vérifier si le champ reconstruit par l'algorithme était en accord avec celui fourni. Dans ce cadre, nous avons développé un outil permettant de simuler numériquement une BOS3D afin d'obtenir les champs de déviation associées aux écoulements numériques. Ces champs de déviation ont ensuite été fournis comme entrée au code et nous ont permis d'étudier la sensibilité de notre algorithme à de nombreux paramètres tels que le bruit sur les données, les erreurs de calibration, la discrétisation du maillage... Ensuite, afin de tester notre code sur des données réelles nous avons mis en place un banc expérimental BOS3D pour la reconstruction du champ de masse volumique instantané. Cela a nécessité l'étude d'un nouveau moyen de mesure, faisant appel à des techniques de calibrage multi-caméras et de nouvelles stratégies d'illumination su fond. Finalement les données issues de l'expérimentation ont été utilisées comme entrée de notre algorithme afin de valider son comportement sur données réelles. / This thesis consists in implementing a scientific experimental apparatus BOS3D (Background Oriented Schlieren 3D) at ONERA for the reconstruction of the density field of instantaneous flow and to develop a robust reconstruction algorithm allowing rapid provision of results considering a small number of views . First, we have developed a reconstruction algorithm BOS3D applicable to all experimental configurations . To do so, the direct problem, that is to say, the equation of the light deflection through a medium of inhomogeneous optical index was reformulated in algebraic form. experiment is then defined. This formulation and the equations resulting from optimization methods necessary for the minimization of the criterion have been parallelized to allow implementation on GPU. This algorithm was then tested with reference cases from numerical calculation to check whether the reconstructed field was consistent with the one provided. In this context, we developed a tool for simulating a virtual BOS3D to obtain the deflection fields associated with numerical flows. These deflection fields were then provided as input to the code of reconstruction and allowed us to study the sensitivity of our algorithm to many parameters such as noise on the data, mesh discretization, the type of regularization and positioning of the cameras. In parallel with the study of the reconstruction method by simulation, we have gained experience in the effective implementation of the BOS technique in experimental facilities, participating in several test campaigns . This has enabled us to contribute to the design and implementation of experimental apparatus dedicated to the BOS technique. The main result of this work is the realization of the experimental apparatus BOS3D in DMAE, which is designed to reconstruct instantaneous density fields. These experimental developments ultimately allow us to obtain 3D reconstructions of instantaneous and mean density fields from experimental data. In addition , analysis of the behavior of the BOS3D numerical method is proposed according to the nature of the observed flows and the acquisition configuration

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-01T12:16:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Decio da Silva Melo.pdf: 3436754 bytes, checksum: ed292f1abde4a4c0fab847f38c6ab84f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T12:16:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Decio da Silva Melo.pdf: 3436754 bytes, checksum: ed292f1abde4a4c0fab847f38c6ab84f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-03 / The Modern Physics insertion in High School, along with its postulates and theoretical patterns that can’t be practiced or demonstrated, brings additional difficulties to the Physics teaching-learning process. A feasible alternative to minimize the problems consists in carrying out experiments analogue to certain events of the Modern Physics. Another problem consists in the lack of skilled high-school graduated teachers in order to work with the new context. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the construction process of the Relativity of Simultaneity, concept through the use of an experimental apparatus, with students of Physics of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). Thus, it was chosen the Personal Construct Theory as a methodological-theoretical purpose, and it was developed an experimental appararatus, involving an electronic circuit to control a LED (light-emitting diode), matrix that permits analogies with a light beam behavior interacting with different obstacles. The results showed that the developed experimental pattern was decisive concerning the promotion of cognitive conflicts, making students review their initial concepts and consequently, reorganize them, considering some aspects as: time, distance, constancy of the light speed and events that happen at the same time, which are essential to the purpose concept comprehension; The Relativity of Simultaneity. / A inserção da Física Moderna no Ensino Médio, com seus postulados e modelos teóricos que não podem ser diretamente vivenciados ou demonstrados, trazem dificuldades adicionais para o ensino-aprendizagem de Física. Uma alternativa viável para minimizar os problemas que daí advêm consiste na utilização de experimentos análogos à certos acontecimentos da Física Moderna. Outro problema consiste na falta de preparação dos professores formados para o Ensino Médio para atuarem no novo contexto. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o processo de construção do conceito de Relatividade da Simultaneidade, através do uso de um aparato experimental, com alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em Física da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE. Para tanto, foi escolhida a Teoria dos Construtos Pessoais como pressuposto teórico metodológico, e foi desenvolvido um aparato experimental, envolvendo um circuito eletrônico para controlar uma matriz de LED (Diodo Emissor de Luz), que permitisse analogias com o comportamento de um feixe de luz ao interagir com distintos obstáculos. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo experimental desenvolvido foi determinante no sentido de promover conflitos cognitivos, que levaram os alunos a reverem suas concepções iniciais e, conseqüentemente, reestruturá-las, considerando alguns aspectos, como: tempo, distância, constância da velocidade da luz e eventos que ocorrem ao mesmo tempo, essenciais para a compreensão do conceito proposto; a Relatividade da Simultaneidade.