Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Information and Communication Sciences, Department of Computing, 2007. / "Submitted January 27 2007, revised July 27 2007". Bibliography: p. 281-304.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX202524.

Participation of experts and professionals in investigations Abstract The topic of the thesis is the involvement of experts and professionals in criminal investigations. It is a compilation work, using the content analysis of books, internet, and magazine sources. Following a brief background on the history of experts' activities, it focuses on the legal regulation of experts / expert witnesses and their conduct, in particular in criminal proceedings. Making use of professional literature, applicable legislation, and her own experience in pre-trial proceedings, the author defines the basic concepts of using experts in criminal investigations. Terms such as a professional, consultant to a body involved in criminal proceedings, expert witness, expert institute, expert opinion, and professional opinion are described in detail. The thesis then outlines the options of using various expert activities in investigators' work. Referring to her practical experience, the author presents the most frequently used forms of cooperation with experts, and current trends in applying professional opinions in pre- trial proceedings. The thesis also deals with certain methods of obtaining and assessing evidence relevant for criminal investigation. The selection and appointment of an expert, and the structure of an expert...

M.Comm. / The present study comprises an investigation into and a discussion on the development of expert systems. The theme of the study is of topical interest, since expert systems form an important part of the latest developments in the domain of computer technology. At present, a general deficiency is being experienced in the computer industry in respect of a structured development methodology, and specifically in respect of cost-effective expert systems. The reasons for and causes of the said deficiency, as well as the different ways and means in which possibly to supply this deficiency, represent the issue to be investigated in the present study. Owing to the above-mentioned deficiency in respect of information system methodologies, certain applications and principles have been used throughout the study in a bid to illustrate the differences and similarities between the developmental aspects of certain conventional systems, compared to the same developmental aspects of expert systems. The importance of the various stages of development that the expert system undergo also comes under consideration, together with the development applications and resources, the criteria for cost effectiveness, knowledge engineering and information security. Hereafter, the Sphere Model, based on the introductory chapters, is presented as the solution to the problem posed in the study. This model can, for the entire life cycle of an expert system, be applied in respect of the analysis of the cost effectiveness of such system, and can, at the same time, assist in gathering vital information on the production of subsequent highquality and cost-effective expert systems.

The problems of judicial expertise in criminal proceedings Abstract Contemporary criminal proceedings are highly dependable on judicial expertise and in number of cases we encounter a situation where the determination of the facts is based on the expert evidence. However, judicial expertise is linked to a number of issues which damage the reputation of the field which is then considered to be untrustworthy by the general public. This paper is divided into 5 separate chapters dissecting the most commonly criticised practices by the general public. At first the issue of relegating responsibilities from the judge to the judicial experts is analysed. The author believes that there are two root causes to the problem, one being the factual accuracy of the provided expert evidence and the other being the unnecessary utilization of judicial experts. The aforementioned relegation of responsibilities places power in the hands of the experts whose work seldom meet the appropriate quality given the increased level of responsibility. Therefore the author further focuses on the problems with the quality of the expert evidence as well as examining the warranties provided by the current legislation and the shortcomings of this legislation along with the changes of it that are coming into effect as of 1 January 2021. The...

Yes / Expert knowledge elicitation lies at the core of judgmental forecasting—a domain that relies fully on the power of such knowledge and its integration into forecasting. Using experts in a demand forecasting framework, this work aims to compare the accuracy improvements and forecasting performances of three judgmental integration methods. To do this, a field study was conducted with 31 experts from four companies. The methods compared were the judgmental adjustment, the 50–50 combination, and the divide-and-conquer. Forecaster expertise, the credibility of system forecasts and the need to rectify system forecasts were also assessed, and mechanisms for performing this assessment were considered. When (a) a forecaster’s relative expertise was high, (b) the relative credibility of the system forecasts was low, and (c) the system forecasts had a strong need of correction, judgmental adjustment improved the accuracy relative to both the other integration methods and the system forecasts. Experts with higher levels of expertise showed higher adjustment frequencies. Our results suggest that judgmental adjustment promises to be valuable in the long term if adequate conditions of forecaster expertise and the credibility of system forecasts are met.

Published Article / The paper is concerned with the problem of Bayesian decision-makers seeking consensus about the decision that should be taken from a decision space. Each decision-maker has his own utility function and it is assumed that the parameter space has two points, Θ = {θ1,θ2 }. The initial probabilities of the decision-makers for Θ can be updated by information provided by an expert. The decision-makers have an opinion about the expert and this opinion is formed by the observation of the expert's performance in the past. It is shown how the decision-makers can decide beforehand, on the basis of this opinion, whether the consultation of an expert will result in consensus.

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