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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

MAKING IT INTELLIGIBLE: AN HISTORICAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGIBILITY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF SCIENTIFIC THEORIES

MORTON, A LELAND 19 July 2006 (has links)
No description available.
92

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY: LEVELS IN THE COGNITIVE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

JOHNSON, GREGORY S. 09 July 2007 (has links)
No description available.
93

The Developmental and Teacher-Related Mediating Effects of Mathematics Vocabulary Use on Algebra Learning

McGinn, Kelly Marie January 2015 (has links)
Today, it is almost expected that students learn to precisely communicate their mathematical thinking. In fact, the CCSS stress the importance of precision when communicating with others (CCSSI, 2010). Due to this drive towards precise discourse, it is easy to lose sight of the original purpose for mathematical communication- to help students develop a better understanding of the mathematical concepts (NCTM, 2000). Self-explanation prompts are a common tool used to foster mathematical communication (Chi, 2000). Due to the increased popularity given to the use of self-explanation prompts, many have explored the mediating variables that may influence the effectiveness of this tool on student learning. Unfortunately, the effect of the precision of mathematics vocabulary used when responding has not yet been explored. Findings from this study support the use of both formal and informal expressions to explain a mathematical concept. The key is that students attempt to explain the concept- it does not seem to matter whether they do it formally or informally. The use of informal expressions may however allow the teacher to make a better judgment as to whether the student has a misunderstanding, since the correctness of informal expressions predict procedural knowledge, while the correctness of formal expressions do not. In addition, consistent attempts to use both formal and informal expressions is associated with higher self-explanation scores, and conceptual and procedural knowledge, suggesting that teachers should promote a consistent attempt to explains concepts, regardless of the type of language used. Finally, there is some evidence that the teachers' stress of the importance of precise terminology use influences students' actual use of this formal language. / Educational Psychology
94

Can Bayesianism and Inference to the Best Explanation be Friends?

Stewart, Rush Tyler 19 April 2010 (has links)
Bas van Fraassen argues that inference to the best explanation (IBE) is a probabilistically incoherent rule (1989). Anyone following IBE is open to being Dutch booked. According to one of the most interesting and popular responses to van Fraassen’s argument, van Fraassen misrepresents IBE in probabilistic terms. With the proper probabilistic representation, it is claimed, IBE is not inconsistent with Bayesian rationality constraints. Building on the work of IBE’s proponents, I first propose a minimal account of what makes one explanation better than another. I then argue that, even on this minimal account, the alternative probabilistic model of IBE does not work, and hence fails to successfully respond to van Fraassen’s argument.
95

Can Bayesianism and Inference to the Best Explanation be Friends?

Stewart, Rush Tyler 19 April 2010 (has links)
Bas van Fraassen argues that inference to the best explanation (IBE) is a probabilistically incoherent rule (1989). Anyone following IBE is open to being Dutch booked. According to one of the most interesting and popular responses to van Fraassen’s argument, van Fraassen misrepresents IBE in probabilistic terms. With the proper probabilistic representation, it is claimed, IBE is not inconsistent with Bayesian rationality constraints. Building on the work of IBE’s proponents, I first propose a minimal account of what makes one explanation better than another. I then argue that, even on this minimal account, the alternative probabilistic model of IBE does not work, and hence fails to successfully respond to van Fraassen’s argument.
96

Sobre a estrutura organizacional das explicações científicas no ensino de física

Rodrigues, Renato Felix January 2016 (has links)
Explicações científicas são um dos elementos mais importantes do ensino de ciências. Elas estão relacionadas com a noção de natureza de ciência que reproduzimos, à compreensão adequada de conceitos e ao compartilhamento de hipóteses e princípios científicos. Embora não haja uma definição única de explicação científica que seja aceita de forma consensual por parte dos pesquisadores desse tema, nas últimas décadas ele tem sido abordado em um número crescente de trabalhos publicados em periódicos internacionais especializados em pesquisas sobre Ensino de Ciências. Apesar disso, consideramos que este tema tem recebido pouca atenção da comunidade de pesquisa em ensino de Ciências no Brasil, em particular no que diz respeito a atividades relacionadas à construção de explicações científicas durante a formação de professores. Neste trabalho investigamos elementos que fazem parte de explicações produzidas por futuros professores e a forma como estes elementos são relacionados entre si na organização da explicação. Para isso, propomos uma forma de estrutura organizacional de explicações científicas e a utilizamos para analisar seminários apresentados por alunos de um curso de licenciatura em Física durante uma das disciplinas deste curso, referente a tópicos relacionados ao conteúdo de mecânica. Nossa estrutura organizacional foi elaborada a partir de trabalhos realizados por James Wertsch (2008) sobre narrativas, a partir dos quais adaptamos para o estudo de explicações científicas duas estruturas que Wertsch propôs com respeito a narrativas: explicações específicas e moldes esquemáticos explicativos. Relacionamos as explicações específicas aos momentos explicativos propostos por Ogborn, Kress, Martins e Mcgillicuddy (1996) e os moldes esquemáticos explicativos a tipos de explicações propostos por filósofos das explicações – em particular o modelo Mecânico-Causal, as explicações de Unificação e explicações Funcionais. Em nossa análise empírica buscamos identificar objetivos pedagógicos que os diferentes tipos de explicações científicas identificadas se destinaram a atender e observamos uma (inesperada) baixa ocorrência de explicações científicas nos seminários que acompanhamos, acompanhada de uma forte ênfase no treinamento da habilidade de resolução de problemas matemáticos. Utilizamos estes resultados para problematizar questões relacionadas à formação de professores para a educação básica à luz do uso que é feito de explicações científicas. / Scientific explanations are among the most important elements in science teaching. They relate to the notion of nature of science we reproduce, to the better understanding of concepts and to share scientific principles and hypotheses. Although there is no single scientific explanation's definition consensually accept by researchers in this theme, in the last decades it has been addressed in an increasing number of papers published in international journals on science teaching. However, we believe that this issue has received little attention from the research community in science teaching in Brazil, specially about activities related to constructing scientific explanations during teacher training. In this work we investigate elements related to scientific explanations elaborated by future teachers, and the way those elements are related to each others in explanation organization. For this, we propose an organizational structure of scientific explanation and we use it to analyze seminars presented by students of a Brazilian physics' teacher graduation during one of its disciplines, about topics related to mechanics. Our organizational structure was drawn from works done by James Wertsch (2008) on narratives, from which we adapted two structures that Wertsch proposed with respect to narratives for the study of scientific explanation: specific explanations and explanatory schematic templates. We associated specific explanations with explicative moments proposed by Ogborn, Kress, Martins e Mcgillicuddy (1996) and the schematic explanatory templates to explanation types proposed by explanation philosophers – especially the Causal Mechanical model, the Unification approach and the functional explanations. In our empirical analyze we seek to identify teaching goals that the different types of scientific explanations identified intended to meet and We noticed a (unexpected) low occurrence of scientific explanation in the seminars we follow, beside a strong emphasis on education to provide training in mathematical problem solving abilities. We used those results to discuss issues related to training teachers to basic education in light of the way scientific explanations are used.
97

Sobre a estrutura organizacional das explicações científicas no ensino de física

Rodrigues, Renato Felix January 2016 (has links)
Explicações científicas são um dos elementos mais importantes do ensino de ciências. Elas estão relacionadas com a noção de natureza de ciência que reproduzimos, à compreensão adequada de conceitos e ao compartilhamento de hipóteses e princípios científicos. Embora não haja uma definição única de explicação científica que seja aceita de forma consensual por parte dos pesquisadores desse tema, nas últimas décadas ele tem sido abordado em um número crescente de trabalhos publicados em periódicos internacionais especializados em pesquisas sobre Ensino de Ciências. Apesar disso, consideramos que este tema tem recebido pouca atenção da comunidade de pesquisa em ensino de Ciências no Brasil, em particular no que diz respeito a atividades relacionadas à construção de explicações científicas durante a formação de professores. Neste trabalho investigamos elementos que fazem parte de explicações produzidas por futuros professores e a forma como estes elementos são relacionados entre si na organização da explicação. Para isso, propomos uma forma de estrutura organizacional de explicações científicas e a utilizamos para analisar seminários apresentados por alunos de um curso de licenciatura em Física durante uma das disciplinas deste curso, referente a tópicos relacionados ao conteúdo de mecânica. Nossa estrutura organizacional foi elaborada a partir de trabalhos realizados por James Wertsch (2008) sobre narrativas, a partir dos quais adaptamos para o estudo de explicações científicas duas estruturas que Wertsch propôs com respeito a narrativas: explicações específicas e moldes esquemáticos explicativos. Relacionamos as explicações específicas aos momentos explicativos propostos por Ogborn, Kress, Martins e Mcgillicuddy (1996) e os moldes esquemáticos explicativos a tipos de explicações propostos por filósofos das explicações – em particular o modelo Mecânico-Causal, as explicações de Unificação e explicações Funcionais. Em nossa análise empírica buscamos identificar objetivos pedagógicos que os diferentes tipos de explicações científicas identificadas se destinaram a atender e observamos uma (inesperada) baixa ocorrência de explicações científicas nos seminários que acompanhamos, acompanhada de uma forte ênfase no treinamento da habilidade de resolução de problemas matemáticos. Utilizamos estes resultados para problematizar questões relacionadas à formação de professores para a educação básica à luz do uso que é feito de explicações científicas. / Scientific explanations are among the most important elements in science teaching. They relate to the notion of nature of science we reproduce, to the better understanding of concepts and to share scientific principles and hypotheses. Although there is no single scientific explanation's definition consensually accept by researchers in this theme, in the last decades it has been addressed in an increasing number of papers published in international journals on science teaching. However, we believe that this issue has received little attention from the research community in science teaching in Brazil, specially about activities related to constructing scientific explanations during teacher training. In this work we investigate elements related to scientific explanations elaborated by future teachers, and the way those elements are related to each others in explanation organization. For this, we propose an organizational structure of scientific explanation and we use it to analyze seminars presented by students of a Brazilian physics' teacher graduation during one of its disciplines, about topics related to mechanics. Our organizational structure was drawn from works done by James Wertsch (2008) on narratives, from which we adapted two structures that Wertsch proposed with respect to narratives for the study of scientific explanation: specific explanations and explanatory schematic templates. We associated specific explanations with explicative moments proposed by Ogborn, Kress, Martins e Mcgillicuddy (1996) and the schematic explanatory templates to explanation types proposed by explanation philosophers – especially the Causal Mechanical model, the Unification approach and the functional explanations. In our empirical analyze we seek to identify teaching goals that the different types of scientific explanations identified intended to meet and We noticed a (unexpected) low occurrence of scientific explanation in the seminars we follow, beside a strong emphasis on education to provide training in mathematical problem solving abilities. We used those results to discuss issues related to training teachers to basic education in light of the way scientific explanations are used.
98

Sobre a estrutura organizacional das explicações científicas no ensino de física

Rodrigues, Renato Felix January 2016 (has links)
Explicações científicas são um dos elementos mais importantes do ensino de ciências. Elas estão relacionadas com a noção de natureza de ciência que reproduzimos, à compreensão adequada de conceitos e ao compartilhamento de hipóteses e princípios científicos. Embora não haja uma definição única de explicação científica que seja aceita de forma consensual por parte dos pesquisadores desse tema, nas últimas décadas ele tem sido abordado em um número crescente de trabalhos publicados em periódicos internacionais especializados em pesquisas sobre Ensino de Ciências. Apesar disso, consideramos que este tema tem recebido pouca atenção da comunidade de pesquisa em ensino de Ciências no Brasil, em particular no que diz respeito a atividades relacionadas à construção de explicações científicas durante a formação de professores. Neste trabalho investigamos elementos que fazem parte de explicações produzidas por futuros professores e a forma como estes elementos são relacionados entre si na organização da explicação. Para isso, propomos uma forma de estrutura organizacional de explicações científicas e a utilizamos para analisar seminários apresentados por alunos de um curso de licenciatura em Física durante uma das disciplinas deste curso, referente a tópicos relacionados ao conteúdo de mecânica. Nossa estrutura organizacional foi elaborada a partir de trabalhos realizados por James Wertsch (2008) sobre narrativas, a partir dos quais adaptamos para o estudo de explicações científicas duas estruturas que Wertsch propôs com respeito a narrativas: explicações específicas e moldes esquemáticos explicativos. Relacionamos as explicações específicas aos momentos explicativos propostos por Ogborn, Kress, Martins e Mcgillicuddy (1996) e os moldes esquemáticos explicativos a tipos de explicações propostos por filósofos das explicações – em particular o modelo Mecânico-Causal, as explicações de Unificação e explicações Funcionais. Em nossa análise empírica buscamos identificar objetivos pedagógicos que os diferentes tipos de explicações científicas identificadas se destinaram a atender e observamos uma (inesperada) baixa ocorrência de explicações científicas nos seminários que acompanhamos, acompanhada de uma forte ênfase no treinamento da habilidade de resolução de problemas matemáticos. Utilizamos estes resultados para problematizar questões relacionadas à formação de professores para a educação básica à luz do uso que é feito de explicações científicas. / Scientific explanations are among the most important elements in science teaching. They relate to the notion of nature of science we reproduce, to the better understanding of concepts and to share scientific principles and hypotheses. Although there is no single scientific explanation's definition consensually accept by researchers in this theme, in the last decades it has been addressed in an increasing number of papers published in international journals on science teaching. However, we believe that this issue has received little attention from the research community in science teaching in Brazil, specially about activities related to constructing scientific explanations during teacher training. In this work we investigate elements related to scientific explanations elaborated by future teachers, and the way those elements are related to each others in explanation organization. For this, we propose an organizational structure of scientific explanation and we use it to analyze seminars presented by students of a Brazilian physics' teacher graduation during one of its disciplines, about topics related to mechanics. Our organizational structure was drawn from works done by James Wertsch (2008) on narratives, from which we adapted two structures that Wertsch proposed with respect to narratives for the study of scientific explanation: specific explanations and explanatory schematic templates. We associated specific explanations with explicative moments proposed by Ogborn, Kress, Martins e Mcgillicuddy (1996) and the schematic explanatory templates to explanation types proposed by explanation philosophers – especially the Causal Mechanical model, the Unification approach and the functional explanations. In our empirical analyze we seek to identify teaching goals that the different types of scientific explanations identified intended to meet and We noticed a (unexpected) low occurrence of scientific explanation in the seminars we follow, beside a strong emphasis on education to provide training in mathematical problem solving abilities. We used those results to discuss issues related to training teachers to basic education in light of the way scientific explanations are used.
99

Ineliminable idealizations, phase transitions, and irreversibility

Jones, Nicholaos John 21 November 2006 (has links)
No description available.
100

Exploring Features of Expertise and Knowledge Building among Undergraduate Students in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Southard, Katelyn M. January 2016 (has links)
Experts in the field of molecular and cellular biology (MCB) use domain-specific reasoning strategies to navigate the unique complexities of the phenomena they study and creatively explore problems in their fields. One primary goal of instruction in undergraduate MCB is to foster the development of these domain-specific reasoning strategies among students. However, decades of evidence-based research and many national calls for undergraduate instructional reform have demonstrated that teaching and learning complex fields like MCB is difficult for instructors and learners alike. Therefore, how do students develop rich understandings of biological mechanisms? It is the aim of this dissertation work to explore features of expertise and knowledge building in undergraduate MCB by investigating knowledge organization and problem-solving strategies. Semi-structured clinical think-aloud interviews were conducted with introductory and upper-division students in MCB. Results suggest that students must sort ideas about molecular mechanism into appropriate mental categories, create connections using function-driven and mechanistic rather than associative reasoning, and create nested and overlapping ideas in order to build a nuanced network of biological ideas. Additionally, I characterize the observable components of generative multi-level mechanistic reasoning among undergraduate MCB students constructing explanations about in two novel problem-solving contexts. Results indicate that like MCB experts, students are functionally subdividing the overarching mechanism into functional modules, hypothesizing and instantiating plausible schema, and even flexibly consider the impact of mutations across ontological and biophysical levels. However "filling in" these more abstract schema with molecular mechanisms remains problematic for many students, with students instead employing a range of developing mechanistic strategies. Through this investigation of expertise and knowledge building, I characterize several of the ways in which knowledge integration and generative explanation building are productively constrained by domain-specific features, expand on several discovered barriers to productive knowledge organization and mechanistic explanation building, and suggest instructional implications for undergraduate learning.

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