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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Couplage multi-échelle pour l'intéraction fluide structure en dynamique rapide. / Multi-model coupling for fluid structure interaction

Fernier, Alexandre 25 January 2019 (has links)
Dans l’industrie nucléaire, la simulation de transitoires accidentels à l’échelle d’un réacteur devient une composante d’importance croissante de la démonstration de sûreté à destination des agences de surveillance nationales. Elle permet ainsi de limiter le recours à des expériences complexes et coûteuses tout en facilitant l’évaluation des stratégies de mitigation. Cependant, les modèles mis en jeu sont inévitablement volumineux et construits avec une finesse de modélisation rendant difficile la prise en compte de détails géométriques locaux pourtant susceptibles d’influencer significativement la solution globale. Dans ce travail de thèse, on propose ainsi des approches multi-modèles pour l’intégration de tels détails dans un modèle global sans modification du maillage initial (on parle aussi de zoom numérique). Des techniques sont proposées aussi bien pour les structures que pour les fluides, avec un souci de démontrer la précision et la stabilité de la solution multi-modèles couplée comparée à une solution de référence à une seule échelle. Ce travail intègre deux spécificités propres, à savoir son adéquation avec les contraintes de la dynamique rapide avec intégration temporelle explicite et l’objectif de traiter simultanément la superposition de modèles et l’interaction fluide-structure. / In nuclear industry, simulating accidental transient sequences at full reactor scale is becoming an increasingly important feature of the safety demonstration towards national agencies. It thus allows limiting the number of complex and costly experiments, while simplifying and accelerating the evaluation of mitigation strategies. However, the implemented numerical models are inevitably heavy to build and maintain, with a global modelling scale making it difficult to account for local geometric details yet able to significantly influence the physical solution. To provide an answer to these problems, this PhD work is dedicated to multi-model approaches designed to integrate such details into bigger models with no modification at the global level (techniques often designated as numerical zoom techniques). Some methods are proposed for both structures and fluids, with special care given to the accuracy and stability of the coupled multi-scale solution compared to a single-scale reference solution. This work handles two very specific topics, namely its compatibility with numerical features imposed by fast transient dynamics with explicit time integration, and the general objective of simultaneously dealing with superimposed models and fluid-structure interaction.
2

Incertezas de modelo na análise de torres metálicas treliçadas de linhas de transmissão / Model uncertainties in the transmission lines latticed steel towers analysis

Kaminski Junior, Joao January 2007 (has links)
Incertezas de modelo invadem todos os estágios de uma análise de confiabilidade estrutural, desde a determinação das ações e do próprio sistema estrutural, até o processo pelo qual o efeito destas ações é avaliado. Neste trabalho, o enfoque é dado nesse último tópico, mais especificamente na avaliação das incertezas de modelo mecânico em torres metálicas treliçadas de linhas de transmissão (LT), o qual tem permanecido ignorado nas estimativas de confiabilidade até então, em parte devido a sua natureza elusiva. Logo, o problema consiste em avaliar as incertezas na predição da resposta estrutural, uma vez que todos os parâmetros que definem as ações externas e o próprio sistema são claramente definidos. A principal motivação deste trabalho partiu de um estudo conduzido pela CIGRÉ sobre torres metálicas treliçadas de LT submetidas a cargas estáticas, o qual sugere que as incertezas de modelo neste tipo de estrutura são relevantes e não podem ser desprezadas, podendo influenciar significativamente na estimativa da confiabilidade. Neste trabalho, são avaliados diferentes modelos mecânicos de torres de LT sujeitos a ações estáticas, além de modelos de torres e trechos de LT submetidos à ação dinâmica de ruptura de cabo, adotada por ser um carregamento dinâmico “bem definido”. Na análise estática, são estudados desde modelos simplificados de torres autoportantes, adotados na prática usual de projeto, até modelos mais aprimorados. A dispersão nos resultados numéricos entre os modelos é usada para quantificar as incertezas relacionadas ao modelo mecânico, e os resultados disponíveis de ensaios estáticos em protótipos são utilizados para encontrar os modelos cuja resposta mais se aproxima dos valores experimentais. A resposta dinâmica de torres metálicas treliçadas de LT submetidas à ruptura de cabo, é comparada entre vários modelos, com diferentes graus de sofisticação e detalhe. São estudados desde o modelo usual de análise e projeto de torres para este tipo de carregamento, passando por modelos relativamente simples, com uma única torre sujeita a uma carga variável no tempo, simulando o efeito da ruptura de um cabo, até modelos mais complexos de trechos de LT, os quais incluem várias torres, cabos e cadeias de isoladores. Diversas fontes de incerteza são avaliadas, considerando a influência de fatores relevantes tais como: a discretização dos elementos de cabo, as condições de contorno dos elementos de cabo das extremidades, as leis constitutivas dos elementos de barra e de cabo e o amortecimento estrutural. Por fim, são discutidas e apresentadas possíveis maneiras de considerar explicitamente a incerteza de modelo na estimativa da confiabilidade e em códigos de projeto de estruturas de linhas de transmissão. / Model uncertainties pervade all stages of a structural reliability analysis, from the description of loads and the system itself, to the process by which the effect of loads on the system is evaluated. In this study, attention is focused on the last issue, specifically in the evaluation of model uncertainties on transmission lines (TL) latticed steel towers, which has remained largely ignored in previous developments of structural reliability, in part due to its elusive nature. In essence, the problem consists of evaluating the uncertainty in response predictions, once all parameters that define the external actions and the system itself have been unequivocally prescribed. The main motivation of this thesis was a study conducted by CIGRÉ on TL latticed steel towers subjected to static loads, among other exploratory assessments, which suggests that model uncertainty is a relevant factor and cannot be disregarded, could significantly influence the outcome of reliability assessments. Herein, different mechanical models of TL self-supporting towers subjected to static loads are evaluated, besides the models of towers and TL segments submitted to dynamic load due to cable rupture, adopted by being a “well defined” loading. In the static analysis, from simplified models of self-supporting towers, like adopted in usual practice of project, to more refined models are studied. The dispersion in the numeric results among the models, together with the data of static prototype tests, are used to quantify model uncertainties. The dynamic response of latticed TL steel towers subjected to cable rupture is predicted by use of various models with different degrees of sophistication or detailing. The predictions of the various models are compared with the aim of quantifying model uncertainty. Several uncertainty sources are evaluated, considering the influence of relevant factors such as: the discretization of the cable elements, the boundary conditions of the end cable elements, the constitutive laws of cables and tower members and the structural damping. Finally, possible ways to explicitly consider model uncertainty in reliability assessments and in code formulations are discussed.
3

Incertezas de modelo na análise de torres metálicas treliçadas de linhas de transmissão / Model uncertainties in the transmission lines latticed steel towers analysis

Kaminski Junior, Joao January 2007 (has links)
Incertezas de modelo invadem todos os estágios de uma análise de confiabilidade estrutural, desde a determinação das ações e do próprio sistema estrutural, até o processo pelo qual o efeito destas ações é avaliado. Neste trabalho, o enfoque é dado nesse último tópico, mais especificamente na avaliação das incertezas de modelo mecânico em torres metálicas treliçadas de linhas de transmissão (LT), o qual tem permanecido ignorado nas estimativas de confiabilidade até então, em parte devido a sua natureza elusiva. Logo, o problema consiste em avaliar as incertezas na predição da resposta estrutural, uma vez que todos os parâmetros que definem as ações externas e o próprio sistema são claramente definidos. A principal motivação deste trabalho partiu de um estudo conduzido pela CIGRÉ sobre torres metálicas treliçadas de LT submetidas a cargas estáticas, o qual sugere que as incertezas de modelo neste tipo de estrutura são relevantes e não podem ser desprezadas, podendo influenciar significativamente na estimativa da confiabilidade. Neste trabalho, são avaliados diferentes modelos mecânicos de torres de LT sujeitos a ações estáticas, além de modelos de torres e trechos de LT submetidos à ação dinâmica de ruptura de cabo, adotada por ser um carregamento dinâmico “bem definido”. Na análise estática, são estudados desde modelos simplificados de torres autoportantes, adotados na prática usual de projeto, até modelos mais aprimorados. A dispersão nos resultados numéricos entre os modelos é usada para quantificar as incertezas relacionadas ao modelo mecânico, e os resultados disponíveis de ensaios estáticos em protótipos são utilizados para encontrar os modelos cuja resposta mais se aproxima dos valores experimentais. A resposta dinâmica de torres metálicas treliçadas de LT submetidas à ruptura de cabo, é comparada entre vários modelos, com diferentes graus de sofisticação e detalhe. São estudados desde o modelo usual de análise e projeto de torres para este tipo de carregamento, passando por modelos relativamente simples, com uma única torre sujeita a uma carga variável no tempo, simulando o efeito da ruptura de um cabo, até modelos mais complexos de trechos de LT, os quais incluem várias torres, cabos e cadeias de isoladores. Diversas fontes de incerteza são avaliadas, considerando a influência de fatores relevantes tais como: a discretização dos elementos de cabo, as condições de contorno dos elementos de cabo das extremidades, as leis constitutivas dos elementos de barra e de cabo e o amortecimento estrutural. Por fim, são discutidas e apresentadas possíveis maneiras de considerar explicitamente a incerteza de modelo na estimativa da confiabilidade e em códigos de projeto de estruturas de linhas de transmissão. / Model uncertainties pervade all stages of a structural reliability analysis, from the description of loads and the system itself, to the process by which the effect of loads on the system is evaluated. In this study, attention is focused on the last issue, specifically in the evaluation of model uncertainties on transmission lines (TL) latticed steel towers, which has remained largely ignored in previous developments of structural reliability, in part due to its elusive nature. In essence, the problem consists of evaluating the uncertainty in response predictions, once all parameters that define the external actions and the system itself have been unequivocally prescribed. The main motivation of this thesis was a study conducted by CIGRÉ on TL latticed steel towers subjected to static loads, among other exploratory assessments, which suggests that model uncertainty is a relevant factor and cannot be disregarded, could significantly influence the outcome of reliability assessments. Herein, different mechanical models of TL self-supporting towers subjected to static loads are evaluated, besides the models of towers and TL segments submitted to dynamic load due to cable rupture, adopted by being a “well defined” loading. In the static analysis, from simplified models of self-supporting towers, like adopted in usual practice of project, to more refined models are studied. The dispersion in the numeric results among the models, together with the data of static prototype tests, are used to quantify model uncertainties. The dynamic response of latticed TL steel towers subjected to cable rupture is predicted by use of various models with different degrees of sophistication or detailing. The predictions of the various models are compared with the aim of quantifying model uncertainty. Several uncertainty sources are evaluated, considering the influence of relevant factors such as: the discretization of the cable elements, the boundary conditions of the end cable elements, the constitutive laws of cables and tower members and the structural damping. Finally, possible ways to explicitly consider model uncertainty in reliability assessments and in code formulations are discussed.
4

Incertezas de modelo na análise de torres metálicas treliçadas de linhas de transmissão / Model uncertainties in the transmission lines latticed steel towers analysis

Kaminski Junior, Joao January 2007 (has links)
Incertezas de modelo invadem todos os estágios de uma análise de confiabilidade estrutural, desde a determinação das ações e do próprio sistema estrutural, até o processo pelo qual o efeito destas ações é avaliado. Neste trabalho, o enfoque é dado nesse último tópico, mais especificamente na avaliação das incertezas de modelo mecânico em torres metálicas treliçadas de linhas de transmissão (LT), o qual tem permanecido ignorado nas estimativas de confiabilidade até então, em parte devido a sua natureza elusiva. Logo, o problema consiste em avaliar as incertezas na predição da resposta estrutural, uma vez que todos os parâmetros que definem as ações externas e o próprio sistema são claramente definidos. A principal motivação deste trabalho partiu de um estudo conduzido pela CIGRÉ sobre torres metálicas treliçadas de LT submetidas a cargas estáticas, o qual sugere que as incertezas de modelo neste tipo de estrutura são relevantes e não podem ser desprezadas, podendo influenciar significativamente na estimativa da confiabilidade. Neste trabalho, são avaliados diferentes modelos mecânicos de torres de LT sujeitos a ações estáticas, além de modelos de torres e trechos de LT submetidos à ação dinâmica de ruptura de cabo, adotada por ser um carregamento dinâmico “bem definido”. Na análise estática, são estudados desde modelos simplificados de torres autoportantes, adotados na prática usual de projeto, até modelos mais aprimorados. A dispersão nos resultados numéricos entre os modelos é usada para quantificar as incertezas relacionadas ao modelo mecânico, e os resultados disponíveis de ensaios estáticos em protótipos são utilizados para encontrar os modelos cuja resposta mais se aproxima dos valores experimentais. A resposta dinâmica de torres metálicas treliçadas de LT submetidas à ruptura de cabo, é comparada entre vários modelos, com diferentes graus de sofisticação e detalhe. São estudados desde o modelo usual de análise e projeto de torres para este tipo de carregamento, passando por modelos relativamente simples, com uma única torre sujeita a uma carga variável no tempo, simulando o efeito da ruptura de um cabo, até modelos mais complexos de trechos de LT, os quais incluem várias torres, cabos e cadeias de isoladores. Diversas fontes de incerteza são avaliadas, considerando a influência de fatores relevantes tais como: a discretização dos elementos de cabo, as condições de contorno dos elementos de cabo das extremidades, as leis constitutivas dos elementos de barra e de cabo e o amortecimento estrutural. Por fim, são discutidas e apresentadas possíveis maneiras de considerar explicitamente a incerteza de modelo na estimativa da confiabilidade e em códigos de projeto de estruturas de linhas de transmissão. / Model uncertainties pervade all stages of a structural reliability analysis, from the description of loads and the system itself, to the process by which the effect of loads on the system is evaluated. In this study, attention is focused on the last issue, specifically in the evaluation of model uncertainties on transmission lines (TL) latticed steel towers, which has remained largely ignored in previous developments of structural reliability, in part due to its elusive nature. In essence, the problem consists of evaluating the uncertainty in response predictions, once all parameters that define the external actions and the system itself have been unequivocally prescribed. The main motivation of this thesis was a study conducted by CIGRÉ on TL latticed steel towers subjected to static loads, among other exploratory assessments, which suggests that model uncertainty is a relevant factor and cannot be disregarded, could significantly influence the outcome of reliability assessments. Herein, different mechanical models of TL self-supporting towers subjected to static loads are evaluated, besides the models of towers and TL segments submitted to dynamic load due to cable rupture, adopted by being a “well defined” loading. In the static analysis, from simplified models of self-supporting towers, like adopted in usual practice of project, to more refined models are studied. The dispersion in the numeric results among the models, together with the data of static prototype tests, are used to quantify model uncertainties. The dynamic response of latticed TL steel towers subjected to cable rupture is predicted by use of various models with different degrees of sophistication or detailing. The predictions of the various models are compared with the aim of quantifying model uncertainty. Several uncertainty sources are evaluated, considering the influence of relevant factors such as: the discretization of the cable elements, the boundary conditions of the end cable elements, the constitutive laws of cables and tower members and the structural damping. Finally, possible ways to explicitly consider model uncertainty in reliability assessments and in code formulations are discussed.
5

Smarticles: A Method for Identifying and Correcting Instability and Error Caused by Explicit Integration Techniques in Physically Based Simulations

Marano, Susan Aileen 01 June 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Using an explicit integration method in physically based animations has many advantages including conceptual and computational simplicity, however, it re- quires small time steps to ensure low numerical instability. Simulations with large numbers of individually interacting components such as cloth, hair, and fluid models, are limited by the sections of particles most susceptible to error. This results in the need for smaller time steps than required for the majority of the system. These sections can be diverse and dynamic, quickly changing in size and location based on forces in the system. Identifying and handling these trou- blesome sections could allow for a larger time step to be selected, while preventing a breakdown in the simulation. This thesis presents Smarticles (smart particles), a method of individually de- tecting particles exhibiting signs of instability and stabilizing them with minimal adverse effects to visual accuracy. As a result, higher levels of error introduced from large time steps can be tolerated with minimal overhead. Two separate approaches to Smarticles were implemented. They attempt to find oscillating particles by analyzing a particle’s (1) past behavior and (2) behavior with re- spect to its neighbors along a strand. Both versions of Smarticles attempt to correct unstable particles using velocity dampening. Smarticles was applied to a two dimensional hair simulation modeled as a continuum using smooth particle hydrodynamic. Hair strands are formed by linking particles together using one of two methods: position based dynamics or mass-spring forces. Both versions of Smarticles, as well as a control of normal particles, were directly compared and evaluated based on stability and visual fluidity. Hair particles were exposed to various forms of external forces under increasing time step lengths. Testing showed that both versions of Smarticles working together allowed an average increase of 18.62% in the time step length for hair linked with position based dynamics. In addition, Smarticles was able to significantly reduce visible instability at even larger time steps. While these results suggest Smarticles is successful, the method used to correct particle instability may jeopardize other important aspects of the simulation. A more accurate correction method would likely need to be developed to make Smarticles an advantageous method.
6

Moment Matching and Modal Truncation for Linear Systems

Hergenroeder, AJ 24 July 2013 (has links)
While moment matching can effectively reduce the dimension of a linear, time-invariant system, it can simultaneously fail to improve the stable time-step for the forward Euler scheme. In the context of a semi-discrete heat equation with spatially smooth forcing, the high frequency modes are virtually insignificant. Eliminating such modes dramatically improves the stable time-step without sacrificing output accuracy. This is accomplished by modal filtration, whose computational cost is relatively palatable when applied following an initial reduction stage by moment matching. A bound on the norm of the difference between the transfer functions of the moment-matched system and its modally-filtered counterpart yields an intelligent choice for the mode of truncation. The dual-stage algorithm disappoints in the context of highly nonnormal semi-discrete convection-diffusion equations. There, moment matching can be ineffective in dimension reduction, precluding a cost-effective modal filtering step.

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