Maritime transport is the world's leading transport industry. Its importance is shown by the fact that over 90% of goods is transported by sea. The aim of the thesis is to analyze present maritime container transport, with a focus on its use in the export operations of the Czech Republic. Firstly, it characterizes the specifics of maritime container transport from a global perspective. It describes the development of containerization and the current situation of maritime container transport market. Subsequently, it analyzes the use of maritime container transport in the Czech Republic and the role of forwarder. Finally, a case shows the process of an export operation from the Czech Republic to Mexico.

The aim of the thesis is to compare the conditions and procedures for granting export project financing between the Czech Republic and Sweden. The theoretical part includes three chapters. In the first chapter, I explain the nature and structure of the project finance. In the second chapter, I analyze the institutions providing export financing in the Czech Republic and their financial products that can be applied in this case. In the third chapter, I analogously analyze the system of export financing in Sweden. In the practical part, I show on the imaginary business case how the export project finance is realized by Czech export credit institution (CEB) on one side and the Swedish export credit institution(SEK) on the other. In conclusion, I summarize the similarities and differences resulted from the performed comparison.

Through empirical research the researcher gained an in-depth knowledge regarding the growth trends in the South African manufactured export industry as well as the factors determining the patterns of growth and champion industries. Finally, recommendations that may be used by relevant authorities and scholars were made. To researchers, a study at disaggregated level into the growth trends of each manufactured export sub-sector should be central to future research. / Dissertation (MA (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Economics / unrestricted

It is generally well understood that venture capital (VC) is an important and significant source of financing for small firms. Questions revolving around the increased likelihood of a firm backed by Venture Capitalists (VCs) to be export oriented have yet to be fully explored. Responding to this research gap, a sample of Canadian VC backed firms is used to compare the performance of Canadian VC firms in terms of facilitating internationalization among their portfolio companies. The particular reference of this study is Export Development Canada (EDC), a crown corporation mandated to promote export among Canadian firms. This research finds that EDC as a VC investor and export-oriented consultant has no association with the increased probability of exporting. Also, stage of the investment does not show any relationship with internationalization. These results run contrary to previous speculation that syndication of VCs increases the probability of internationalization among portfolio firms.

This PhD thesis focuses on current issues of commercial risk in international trade, particularly on the evaluation of commercial risk when exporting to China. This PhD thesis presents initial theoretical framework for solution of the problem and also presents statistical results of primary research conducted for Czech exporters necessary to meet the objectives of the dissertation. The aim of this PhD thesis is to construct the model for assessment of commercial risks of exporting to China. The constructed model is probabilistic model, while outcoming results of resulting commercial risk rating based on the averaging of the probable costs or losses caused by the effects of commercial risk which may arise in exporting business entity at unsecured contract, and may take considerable values. The constructed model allows both, to calculate with costs in their absolute probable values as well as to calculate with costs in their relative values as percentages of the contract value. The issue of trade with China is broad and encompasses several disciplines. This implies a large potential for further research which aims in particular to the modeling of knowledge, and by extension created the probabilistic model to the knowledge model.

Perú se ha ido consolidando como un proveedor importante de palta Hass en el mundo, con un crecimiento sostenido y positivo en los últimos 5 años, esto gracias a la alta demanda de este producto en el mundo, la cual se ha logrado con mecanismos de promoción organizados por el gobierno y por los propios productores, además de que los productores peruanos han sabido adaptar su oferta, y así la palta peruana ha ido ganando un nombre en el mundo, ha tenido muy buena aceptación de los consumidores y ha logrado posicionarse como un producto de alta calidad. En el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico, aun cuando Chile es productor de palta Hass, este se ha convertido en el principal importador de palta Hass de Perú, debido a que la oferta peruana no es competencia directa sino una oferta complementaria. Chile tiene un consumo per cápita de 7 a 8 kilos por año y es el segundo consumidor más grande del mundo, lo afirma el director del Departamento de Producción Agrícola de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile, Thomas Fichet. El mercado chileno representa un mercado atractivo en términos de volumen; sin embargo, al ser productores y exportadores, conocen muy bien el producto y tienen requisitos muy exigentes con respecto a la calidad, además de que intentan salvaguardar su producción local, no sólo en términos de producto final sino también de plantas, por ejemplo salvar sus sembríos de alguna plaga, es por eso que se han elaborado “protocolos complicados” (calificados de esta manera por exportadores peruanos entrevistados) pero llevaderos para la exportación desde Perú; estos protocolos tienen muchas exigencias que muchas veces dificulta la exportación a este país. Exigencias de etiquetado y rotulado, muestreos y revisiones en línea de producción, ambientes separados en las cámaras de frío, son algunos de los exigentes requisitos que plantea el país sureño para permitir el ingreso de palta Hass peruana, todos estos detallados en el Protocolo de Exportación. Es por eso por lo que el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar si las barreras no arancelarias afectan las exportaciones a Chile de palta Hass en los últimos 5 años en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico. / Peru has consolidated as an important supplier of Hass avocado in the world, with a sustained and growth in the last 5 years, thanks to the high demand of this product in the world, which has been achieved through promotion mechanisms organized by the government and by the peruvian producers. Peruvian producers have been able to adapt their offer, and thus Peruvian avocado has been gaining a name in the world, it has had a very good acceptance by consumers and has posicionated as a high-quality product. In the framework of the Pacific Alliance, even though Chile is Hass avocado producer, it has become in the main importer of Hass avocado from Peru, because the peruvian offer is not a direct competition, it works as a complementary offer. Chile has a per capita consumption of 7 to 8 kilos per year, it is the second largest consumer in the world, this is stated by the director of the Department of Agricultural Production of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of Chile, Thomas Fichet. The Chilean market it represents an attractive market in terms of volume; however, as they are producers and exporters, they know the product very well and have very demanding requirements regarding quality, in addition to this, the try to safeguard their local production, not only in terms of final product but also talking about plants, for example saving their crops of some plague, that is why there are "complicated protocols" (qualified in this way by Peruvian exporters interviewed). These protocols have many requirements that often make exporting to this country a very difficult challenge. Requirements of labeling, sampling and checking on the production line, separate environments in the cold rooms, are some of the demanding requirements that the Chile raises in order to allow the entry of peruvian avocado, all of these detailed in the Export Protocol. That is why this research aims to analyze whether non-tariff barriers affect peruvian avocado Hass exports to Chile in the last 5 years within the framework of the Pacific Alliance. / Tesis

Country-of-origin effekten påverkar alla exportföretag. Hur gynnsam effekten är skiljer sig beroende på ursprungsland, bransch och produktkategori. För att ett varumärke ska kunna utvinna en maximal effekt av Sverige som ursprungsland krävs en djup förståelse för hur effekten står sig på olika marknader och hur den bäst förmedlas. Därför syftar studien till att förklara hur svenska exportföretag använder sig av country-of-origin effekten för att stärka sina varumärken. Genom den teoretiska referensramen som berör brand equity och country-of-origin effekten får country-of-origin effekten en tydlig roll i de olika delarna ett varumärke består av. Undersökningen har en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Tre svenska exportföretag från olika branscher deltar i studien för att undersöka syftet. Analysen inleds med en inomfallsanalys för varje fallföretag som utmynnas till en mellanfallsanalys. Studien visar att svenska exportföretag generellt sett gynnas av country-of-origin effekten, men styrkan av effekten skiljer sig beroende på bransch, marknad och produktkategori. / The country-of-origin effect has an impact on all exporting companies. How favorable the effect is differs based on the country-of-origin, line of business and product category. To extract the maximal effect of Sweden as a country-of-origin, a deep understanding of how the effect influences different markets is needed as well as knowledge of how it is best communicated. Therefore, the study aims to explain how Swedish exporting companies use the country-of-origin effect to strengthen their brands. Through the theories on brand equity and the country-of-origin effect, the country-of-origin effect is presented with a clear role within the different parts of a brand. The study has a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews. Three Swedish exporting companies from different lines of business takes part in the study to investigate the purpose. The analysis is structured through three within-case analyses and a cross-case analysis. The study shows that Swedish exporting companies are generally favored by the country-of-origin effect. Although the strength of the Swedish country-of-origin effect differs based on the line of business, market, and product category.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce export policy of the Czech Republic, the institutions, which offer support to exporters and to describe their services. One of the chapters focuses on The Export strategy of the Czech Republic for years 2006-2010, its projects and fulfilment in year 2010. The end of this thesis includes some possible improvements in system of the export support.

<p>The objective of this study is to empirically examine the export-led growth hypothesis in Mozambique using quarterly time series data over the period of 1987-2004, applying a co-integration analysis, Engle and Granger&rsquo / s (1987) Error Correction Model (ECM) and the Granger causality test. The paper explores the causal relationship between economic growth and othe explanatory variables, such as real exports, imports, labour force, gross capital formation, terms of trade, civil war and natural disasters (the last two as dummy variables).</p>

<p>The objective of this study is to empirically examine the export-led growth hypothesis in Mozambique using quarterly time series data over the period of 1987-2004, applying a co-integration analysis, Engle and Granger&rsquo / s (1987) Error Correction Model (ECM) and the Granger causality test. The paper explores the causal relationship between economic growth and othe explanatory variables, such as real exports, imports, labour force, gross capital formation, terms of trade, civil war and natural disasters (the last two as dummy variables).</p>