The first chapter summarises basic characteristics of the export credit insurance, particularly focusing on the export credit insurance with state support. The second chapter summarises the issue of export credit insurance as a tool of export-oriented politics. The third one describes international organisations and international regulations affecting export credit insurance with state support. Tha last chapter summarises developement of export credit insurance from the beginning to the present time including contemporary economic crisis.

This diploma thesis deals with the short-term methods of export financing and with credit risk management of the exporter. The part of this work desribes the trade credits, bank credits and factoring as a common instruments of international trade financing. The last part of this work try to bring together the impacts of financial crisis on trade credit availability and export credit insurance.

一國用以協助其國內資本財廠商提高產品對外競爭的方法固不祗一端, 但金融措施的配合不失為一個有效的途徑。事實上, 國際上利用「中長期輸出信用」, 以實現其經濟持續發展者不乏其例, 例如早期的英國, 近代的西德、日本, 以及晚近的韓國比比皆是。就我國而言, 早在民國六十八年也有成立中國輸出入銀行, 負責中長期的輸出融資, 而「中長期出口票據貼現融資業務 (Forfaiting)」,亦是針對資本財的中長期輸出融資, 不僅申請手續簡便, 核貸作業迅速, 相信可適度地彌補中國輸出入銀行中長期輸出融資的不足, 同時能提供廠商一條更便捷、更安全的融資管道。由於國內現階段資本財出口廠商的自有資本薄弱, 且主要的外銷品亦大部分集中在東南亞及非洲等外匯短缺的地區, 廠商對中長期輸出融資的需求尤感迫切, 相信Forfaiting業務之推展能適度的滿足廠商的資金需求, 且增加出口競爭力, 而有助於我國經濟的發展。且隨著我國經濟在國際舞台上扮 演的角色不斷提升, 國際金融業務亦日形重要, 為了在遠東地區的金融市場占有一席之地, 並逐步將台北建立為區域金融中心, 新的金融商品的引進與推廣將必然的趨勢。由於Forfaiting業務本身具備許多的優點, 且是較新的貿易融資工具, 幾乎只有極少部分的人了解該項業務, 是導致筆者研究Forfaiting業務的動機。希望經由對該業務多方面的探討, 能對要使用該項融資工具的出口商或提供該項業務的業者, 有所幫助。該業務只要能夠有效地推廣, 由於其本身具備的固有優點, 相信必定能夠在國際貿易上被廣泛使用。本論文從Forfaiting交易的基本概念出發, 介紹Forfaiting交易的起源與發展、交易流程、特色以及此一融資交易的功能, 也就是對交易中各當事人進行優缺點分析等。然後探討規範該項業務的相關法律、國際間實務上認同的習慣, 以及使用該業務在法律上可能遭遇到的問題。最後, 就我國現況, 對國內推廣Forfaiting 交易提出個人淺見。

This thesis deals with the support of export and export financing, with a focus on international regulation of this area, namely the Consesus OECD, i.e. the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits. The paper describes the general background of this Arrangement and its requirements on the financial terms of provided export credits. The above mentioned is demonstrated on the concrete practice in the Czech Republic. The paper includes a detailed overview of the institutional framework of official support of export credits and the most important export credits parameters are illustrated by concise indicative offer of export financing. This thesis also summarizes the process and possible outcomes of current negotiations concerning the Consensus OECD and possible future cooperation with non-participant countries.

This master's thesis deals with the comparison of export support systems in the Czech Republic and Austria. In the first chapter, the terms "export support" and "export credit agencies" are defined and instruments of export supporting policies as well as their positive and negative aspects are listed and EU regulation and policies in this field are briefly described. A short description of the Czech Republic and Austria follows. Special attention is paid to the following analysis of export strategies and export credit agencies in both economies. This descriptive theoretical part is complemented by a practical case study carried out in cooperation with TOSHULIN, a.s. -- a successful producer and exporter of machinery. Both systems of export support are evaluated from the point of view of the company's sales department. The thesis concludes with an evaluation of the topic, a comparison of the effectiveness of both export support systems, and the author's suggestions for potential innovation and improvement in this area.

Small Businesses (SBs) in the city of Tshwane increasingly engage in export activities due to higher growth rates. The South African government recognises the significance of SBs, resulting in support programmes to increase involvement in export markets. However, SBs still face export challenges from internal and external sources. This study explored export involvement processes of SBs in the City of Tshwane. 20 participants took part in a qualitative data collection method using observation and semi-structured interviews. Atlas.ti software was used to analyse the data. Findings suggest that SBs are confronted with varying constraints affecting commitment in export involvement processes. Low levels of awareness and participation in export programmes make it difficult to determine their contribution to the export involvement of SBs. Recommendations are for an evaluation of government export programmes accompanied by export education and training programmes to ensure that SBs achieve desirable outcome of export involvement in various export markets. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)