Cette thèse s'intéresse aux Services d'Accompagnement à l'Export proposés par les acteurs de l'accompagnement. Les pouvoirs publics s'interrogent sur l'efficacité de ces aides. La littérature fait état de résultats contradictoires sur cette question, notamment à cause de l'absence d'une mesure valide de l'accompagnement à l'export qui rend difficile la comparaison des résultats. Cette difficulté est exacerbée par la diversité des entreprises accompagnées. En effet, les aides ont été pensées pour les entreprises à internationalisation par étapes. Pourtant, il apparaît que les Exportatrices Précoces, type d'entreprise à internationalisation précoce le plus répandu mais aussi le plus fragile, utilisent les mêmes aides. Dès lors, deux questions se posent ; d'une part, la manière de mesurer l'accompagnement à l'export reçu par l'entreprise et, d'autre part, la question de l'efficacité des Services d'Accompagnement à l'Export pour les Exportatrices Précoces. Pour répondre à la première question, une démarche de construction d'une échelle de mesure de l'accompagnement à l'export est mise en œuvre en s'appuyant sur le paradigme de Churchill (1979). Une étude exploratoire est menée auprès de treize acteurs de l'accompagnement à l'export et cinq entreprises accompagnées afin de faire émerger des items de mesure. Ensuite, 288 questionnaires d'entreprises accompagnées à l'export sont récoltés et utilisés pour tester les qualités psychométriques de l'échelle. Cette démarche aboutit à une échelle de mesure multidimensionnelle composée de neuf items et distinguant accompagnement informationnel, opérationnel et financier. Cet outil permet de mesurer plus précisément les Services d'Accompagnement à l'Export utilisés par l'entreprise. Pour répondre à la seconde question, la théorie des ressources est mobilisée afin d'identifier les ressources stratégiques des Exportatrices Précoces et l'influence que les différents types d'accompagnement à l'export peuvent avoir sur elles. Ces relations aboutissent à un modèle conceptuel testé par la méthode des équations structurelles à partir de 196 questionnaires d'entreprises accompagnées à l'export. Il en ressort que les Services d'Accompagnement à l'Export sont moins efficaces pour les Exportatrices Précoces, notamment en ce qui concerne l'accompagnement financier qui n'a aucune influence sur leur performance internationale. Les résultats soulignent ainsi la nécessité d'élaborer de nouveaux services pour accompagner efficacement les Exportatrices Précoces. Plusieurs propositions sont faites en ce sens. / This thesis focuses on Export Support Services offered by the public and semi-public actors. Public authorities are questioning the effectiveness of these services. The literature reports conflicting results on this issue, especially because of the lack of a valid measure of export support which makes it difficult to compare results. This difficulty is exacerbated by the diversity of firms supported. Indeed, the services was thought to firm with internationalization by stages. Yet it appears that Early Exporters, the most common but also the most fragile type of International New Ventures, use the same services. Therefore, two questions arise; first, how to measure the export support received by the firm and, secondly, the question of the effectiveness of the Export Support Services for Early Exporters. To answer the first question, a process of construction of a scale measurement of Export Support based on the Churchill paradigm (1979) is implemented. An exploratory study was conducted with thirteen support export actors and five companies to make measurement items. Then 288 questionnaires of supported firms are harvested and used to test the psychometric properties of the scale. This approach results in a multidimensional measurement scale with nine items and distinguishing informational, operational and financial Export Support. This tool can measure more accurately Export Support Services used by the firm. To answer the second question, the theory of resources is mobilized to identify the strategic resources of Early Exporters and influence that different types of Export Support can have on them. These relationships lead to a conceptual model tested by the method of structural equation from 196 questionnaires of supported companies. It shows that the Export Support Services are less effective for Early Exporters, especially with regard to the financial support that has no influence on their international performance. The results thus highlight the need to develop new services to effectively support Early Exporters. Several proposals are made in this direction.

Diploma thesis describes foundation and development of state support of international trade of the Czech Republic. First chapter is contributed to importance of international trade and reasons why states should support it. Second charter characterises system of international exchange during socialism and transformation to market economy. Third chapter, describing first half years 1990s, is devoted to institutions as EGAP, CzechInvest, Czech Centres and CzechTourism. Description and evaluation of above mentioned institutions is not limited by the year 1995. It is prolonged to nowadays for complexity of provided information and convenient orientation of reader. Foundation of Czech Export Bank in 1995 and of CzechTrade agency in 1997 are mentioned in fourth charter. The most recent stage of development being after 2000 year is described in charter number five.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze historical development, current situation and potential trends of future development of business enviroment in Russian Federation. This thesis shall provide sufficient information base especially for small and medium-sized Czech enterprises, that are deciding whether to export to the Russian market, or act on it directly. The thesis is also focussing on possible advantages of Czech enterprises in export to Russian market, as well as on various kinds of support, that are provided to them by governmental and non-governmental organizations in Czech Republic.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to create a comprehensive description of the ECAs, to describe the way of working and the risks that the agency must take. ECAs have long history and are influenced by the many events that contribute to the current form of ECA. The last major event that affected the meaning of the ECA is the recent financial and economic crisis, thanks to which the agency gained an even stronger position than before. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis will be summarized information about export credit agencies gained from existing bibliography. There will be described various models of ECA, the types of provided services and the risks which are connected with process of granting loans in this part. The analytical part will be focused on a detailed description of the selected export credit agencies. There will be analyzed their way of working, structure, types of products and the impact of the aid. In the conclusion, a comparison is made of selected ECAs using selected indicators. There will be summary of results gained from analysis in the conclusion of the thesis.

The thesis deals with the quality of business environment of the Czech Republic, nevertheless, the main goal of the thesis is to evaluate the current system of the export support. Firstly, the opening chapter attempts to define the term business environment theoretically, after that it puts forward the possibilities of quantifying the quality of this indicator and then summarizes its evolution specifically in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is particularly devoted to the system of economic diplomacy in the Czech Republic and concentrates primarily on the support of export as a part of national business support programs. In this context, the thesis analyses in full detail the Export Strategy of the Czech Republic for the period 2012-2020, its updated version of 2016 and also how defined goals are met on an ongoing basis. The final part provides the export survey carried out within small and medium-sized enterprises. This survey evaluates whether the system of the state export support is generally known and used within this segment.

This master's thesis deals with the comparison of export support systems in the Czech Republic and Austria. In the first chapter, the terms "export support" and "export credit agencies" are defined and instruments of export supporting policies as well as their positive and negative aspects are listed and EU regulation and policies in this field are briefly described. A short description of the Czech Republic and Austria follows. Special attention is paid to the following analysis of export strategies and export credit agencies in both economies. This descriptive theoretical part is complemented by a practical case study carried out in cooperation with TOSHULIN, a.s. -- a successful producer and exporter of machinery. Both systems of export support are evaluated from the point of view of the company's sales department. The thesis concludes with an evaluation of the topic, a comparison of the effectiveness of both export support systems, and the author's suggestions for potential innovation and improvement in this area.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce export policy of the Czech Republic, the institutions, which offer support to exporters and to describe their services. One of the chapters focuses on The Export strategy of the Czech Republic for years 2006-2010, its projects and fulfilment in year 2010. The end of this thesis includes some possible improvements in system of the export support.

For such a small open economy as is the case of the Czech Republic, export is one of the key growth factors. Further, small and medium sized enterprises are very efficient tool of the economic stability. Government should therefore analyse and fulfil export needs of those entrepreneurs. There is actually no questin about importance of government assistance. Most of the developed countries already help their small and medium enterprises. Ignoring this fact could lead to the reduction of the competitive strength of Czech companies. The diploma thesis analyses the export needs of those firms and compares them with the government assistance programs. Theoretical part is focused on definition of this entrepreneur's category, describes assistance frame and analyses the influence of export on the Czech economy. Practical part deals with individual export assistance programs and analyses the export needs of Czech exporters based on several surveys. The last part of the diploma thesis compares the Czech government assistance with the assistance that foreign countries provide their entrepreneurs with. The final recommendations regarding the possibilities of increase in the efficiency of the government assistence are included in the last chapter.

The first part is devoted to the characteristic of Russian Federation, to the Czech-Russian business relations and organizations, which provide support for Czech enterprises exporting to Russia. The following one describes Czech Trade Promotion Agency (CzechTrade) and services, which this organization and its representative offices offer to Czech exporters. The final part is engaged in the activities of foreign offices acting in Russian Federation, in export alliances and successful cases of cooperation between CzechTrade's offices in Russia and Czech companies.

This thesis presents a comparison of export support systems in the Czech Republic and the United States of America. The emphasis is put mainly on functioning of the system of state-supported export finance and subsequent presentation of two types of export credit institutions - Czech Export Bank, plc. and Export and Import Bank of the United States. Both institutions are described in the theoretical part. In the practical part the theoretical knowledge is applied in a fictional business case.