Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T12:09:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HertaJanineBatistaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1722649 bytes, checksum: f76b6d868dbd593d399a9e5f9130e4d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-11T14:43:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HertaJanineBatistaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1722649 bytes, checksum: f76b6d868dbd593d399a9e5f9130e4d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T14:43:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HertaJanineBatistaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1722649 bytes, checksum: f76b6d868dbd593d399a9e5f9130e4d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Introdu??o: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) ? a principal causa de incapacidade a longo prazo no mundo resultando em defici?ncias sensoriomotoras que comprometem a funcionalidade dos indiv?duos nas Atividades de Vida Di?ria (AVD?s). Assim, tecnologias de realidade virtual veem sendo cada vez mais usadas visando ? reabilita??o motora. No entanto, h? poucas evid?ncias de que os movimentos realizados em ambientes virtuais se assemelhem aos realizados em ambientes f?sicos. Objetivo: Analisar os componentes cinem?ticos do membro superior em pacientes com AVC durante um jogo de dardos em ambientes virtual e real. Metodologia: Estudo quase experimental, com amostra de 11 hemipar?ticos cr?nicos, com idade entre 40-65 anos, tempo de les?o de seis meses a tr?s anos. O ambiente virtual foi apresentado no XBOX 360 Kinect e o ambiente real usou um jogo de dardo profissional. Os participantes realizaram 15 tentativas de cada jogo e a cinem?tica do membro superior foi registrada em v?deo para an?lise no Software Kinovea. Os ambientes foram comparados usando o teste t-Student pareado. Resultados: Houve diferen?a significativa entre os ambientes virtual e real. O jogo real apresentou maior ?ngulo de extens?o de cotovelo (p=0,008), maior flex?o de ombro (p=0,008) e maior velocidade m?dia da trajet?ria do ombro (p=0,001), cotovelo (p=0,0001) e punho (p=0,001). Quantos aos picos de velocidade e acelera??o, valores m?ximos foram encontrados no jogo real para velocidade de ombro (p=0,04), cotovelo (p=0,002) e punho (p=0,002) e acelera??o de cotovelo (p=0,004) e punho (p=0,028). As velocidades de flex?o e extens?o foram maiores no jogo real para ombro (p=0,021), cotovelo (p=0,004; p=0,005) e punho (p=0,009; p=0,039). O jogo virtual obteve maior tempo de flex?o (p=0,0001) e extens?o (p=0,021) e maior desempenho (p<0,0001). Conclus?es: O jogo de dardo pode ser empregado na reabilita??o do membro superior ap?s AVC de acordo com os objetivos que a terapia quer atingir. Se for para aumentar a amplitude de movimento, velocidade e acelera??o o jogo de dardo real ? mais indicado. O jogo virtual pode contribuir para a precis?o do movimento, controle dos graus de liberdade e ajustes posturais, porque necessita de menor tempo para realiza??o do movimento. / Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide resulting in sensorimotor impairments that compromise functionality of individuals in Activities of daily living (ADLs). Thus, virtual reality technologies have been used increasingly aimed at motor rehabilitation. However, there is little evidence that the movements performed in virtual environments are similar to those made in physical environments. Objective: Analyze kinematics components of the upper limb in stroke patients during a game of darts in virtual and real environment. Methodology: The quasi-experimental study with a sample of 11 chronic hemiparesis, aged 40-65 years, time injury of six months to three years. The virtual environment was presented at the XBOX 360 Kinect? and the real environment used a professional dart game. Participants performed 15 trials of each game and the kinematics of the upper limb was recorded on video for analysis in Kinovea Software. The environments were compared using the t-Student test. Results: There were significant differences between the virtual and real environments. The real game showed higher elbow extension angle (p = 0.008), greater shoulder flexion (p = 0.008) and a higher mean speed of the shoulder (p = 0.001), elbow (p = 0.0001) and wrist (p = 0.001) path. As to velocity and acceleration peaks, maximum values were found in the real game shoulder (p = 0.04), elbow (p = 0.002) and wrist (p = 0.002) velocity, and elbow (p = 0.004) and wrist (p = 0.028) acceleration. The flexion and extension speeds were higher in the real game shoulder (p = 0.021), elbow (p = 0.004; p = 0.005) and wrist (p = 0.009; p = 0.039). The virtual game got longer flexion (p = 0.0001) and extension (p = 0.021) and a higher performance (p <0.0001). Conclusions: The dart game can be used in rehabilitation of the upper limb after stroke according to the goals that the therapy wants to achieve. If it is to increase the range of motion, speed and acceleration, the actual dart game is more indicated. The virtual game can contribute to the accuracy of movement, control of degrees of freedom and postural adjustments, because it requires less time to perform the movement.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T19:39:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-22T23:29:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T23:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / O surgimento da Telefonia Celular, a partir dos anos 1990, e a constru??o fren?tica de torres nas cidades assustou a popula??o, levou a comunidade cient?fica mundial e os ?rg?os de controle ambiental a dar maior aten??o ?s ondas eletromagn?ticas n?o ionizantes. Um estado pobre como o Rio Grande do Norte evoluiu a quantidade de celulares em opera??o de 340 mil no ano 2002 para 4,6 milh?es em 2014. No RN a quantidade de linhas celulares supera a pr?pria popula??o, com uma densidade de 128,98 acessos para cada 100 habitantes. Natal, a capital do RN, com 850 mil habitantes, j? possui 882 Esta??es R?dio Base dos Sistemas celulares em 167,26 km2 de ?rea urbana. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? fazer um diagn?stico sobre a exposi??o ? radia??o eletromagn?tica n?o ionizante em toda ?rea urbana da Cidade. A metodologia usada levou em conta medi??es de intensidade das radia??es feitas em 160 diferentes pontos da cidade. As medi??es foram feitas na faixa de 88MHz a 2.400 MHz. Os servi?os de telecomunica??es avaliados na pesquisa foram: TV (Broadcasting), R?dio FM (Broadcasting), Sistemas Celulares e WLAN (IEEE 802.11bg).Foram considerados para compara??o os limites de exposi??o do ICNIRP (InternationalCommission on Non IonizationProtection), par?metros: ?Intensidade de Campo El?trico? e ?Raz?o de Exposi??o? (ER). Resultados: de acordo com as medi??es realizadas, 48.48 % da exposi??o eletromagn?tica outdoor na cidade do Natal decorre da radia??o emitida pelos transmissores de TV. Da mesma forma, constatou-se que, em 77,2 % dos pontos pesquisados, a intensidade do campo el?trico gerada pelas TVs supera todos os demais servi?os de telecomunica??es, inclusive a Telefonia Celular. A Taxa de Exposi??o (ER) m?dia de Radia??o N?o Ionizante verificada para a faixa de frequ?ncia pesquisada foi de 4,43. 10 -3, enquanto o valor m?ximo foi de 7,67. 10-2. Foi desenvolvido modelo para estimativa do Campo El?trico gerado pelos transmissores das TVs em qualquer ponto da cidade. Utilizouse a T?cnica Estat?stica de Regress?o Multivariada, a partir das 160 amostras. As equa??es finais obtidas permitem as estimativas com grau de precis?o R2 superior a 0,9, p<0,1. Constatou-se que o expoente de atenua??o para propaga??o de RF na cidade varia entre 2,8 e 3,8. A exposi??o eletromagn?tica ? RNI em ambientes outdoor em Natal est? em n?veis abaixo dos limites de seguran?a definidos pelo ICNIRP e ANATEL. Os servi?os que mais contribuem para RNI em Natal s?o: 1-TV, 2-Sistema Celular e 3-R?dios FMs. / The electromagnetic waves used in the telecommunication systems until the 1980?s were considered by the governments environmental control organs as apparently ?clean? forms of energy, whose effects weren?t considered any harmful to people?s health. The development of the mobile cellular telecommunication, beginning in the 1990?s, and the frenetic construction of antennas in the cities? urban areas scared the population in general and turned the attention of the world?s scientific community to the theme. In a poor Brazilian State, such as Rio Grande do Norte ? RN (GDP:R$ 51,4 billion in 2013) , the amount of cellular phones in operation went from 340.000 in 2002 to 4.6 million phones in 2014. In RN the number of cellular lines overcomes its own population, with a density of 128.98 accesses for each 100 inhabitants. Natal, the capital city of the State, with 850.000 inhabitants, already has 885 radio base stations of the cellular systems in 167.26 km? of urban area. The data is from ANATEL (august 2015). The objective of this work is to make a diagnosis about the actual situation of the emission of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in all urban area of the city of Natal. The methodology used took into account measurements of the intensity of the radiation taken in 160 different sites throughout the city. This radiation was measured in the range of 88MHz to 2.400 MHz. The collected data was compared to the limits of exposure of the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non Ionization Protection). The ICNIRP parameters used as reference were: ?intensity of electric field? and ?exposure ratio?. The telecommunication services researched were: TV broadcasting, FM radio broadcasting, cellular systems and WLAN (IEE 802.11bg). The obtained results allowed the drawing of a map comparing the data between the measured values and the limits of exposure to RNI defined by ICNIRP and ANATEL. The evaluation criteria used was the parameters Intensity of Electric Field and Exposure Ratio (ER). Results: according to the measurements taken, 48.48% of the outdoor electromagnetic exposure in the municipality of Natal are originated from TV transmitters. Similarly, in 77.2% of the researched locations, the intensity of the electric field originated from TVs overcomes all the rest of the wireless telecommunication services, including the cellular system. Based on the information that the radiation emitted by the TV transmitters is the most relevant in the city, a model to estimate the intensity of the electric field resulting from this service in any point in town was developed. This model was developed based on multivariate regression techniques. The final equations obtained allowed the estimative of the electric field with a level of precision R2> 0,9 and p<0,1. It was found that the exponent RF propagation attenuation in Natal varies between 2.6 and 2.8.The average Exposure Rate (ER) to NIR observed in the researched frequency rate was of 4.43.10-3, while the maximum value was of 7.67. 10- Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrated that the levels of electromagnetic exposure to NIR in outdoor environments in the city of Natal are lower than the security limits set by ICNIRP and ANATEL. The services that contribute most to NIR in Natal are 1-TV, 2- Cellular System and 3-FM Radios.