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Výpočetní omezená racionalita / Computational Bounded RationalityČerný, Jakub January 2017 (has links)
This thesis formalizes a model of bounded rationality in extensive-form games called game-playing schemata. In this model, the strategies are repre- sented by a structure consisting of a deterministic finite automaton and two computational functions. The automaton represents a structured memory of the player, while the functions represent the ability of the player to identify efficient abstractions of the game. Together, the schema is a realization of a pure strategy which can be implemented by a player in order to play a given game. The thesis shows how to construct correctly playing schema for every pure strategy in any multi-player extensive-form game with perfect recall and how to evaluate its complexity. It proves that equilibria in schemata strategies always exist and computing them is PPAD-hard. Moreover, for a class of efficiently representable strategies, computing MAXPAY-EFCE can be done in polynomial time. 1
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Caractérisation de signaux transitoires radio à l'observatoire Pierre Auger / Characterization of radio transient signals at the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMaller, Jennifer 13 October 2014 (has links)
Après plus d'un siècle d'études, l'origine des rayons cosmiques d’ultra-haute énergie reste mal comprise. En améliorant la connaissance de la composition des rayons cosmiques détectés sur Terre, il est possible de contraindre les modèles concernant leur origine, ainsi que leur mécanisme de production dans les sources astrophysiques. Les simulations montrent que le champ électrique émis par les gerbes est sensible à leur développement dans l'atmosphère. Ce champ électrique peut être mesuré avec un cycle utile élevé, faisant du signal radio une observable prometteuse pour identifier le rayon cosmique primaire. Le signal radio permet également de mesurer sa direction d'arrivée et son énergie. Depuis 2006, l'observatoire Pierre Auger accueille plusieurs réseaux de radio détection des rayons cosmiques. Des démonstrateurs équipés de quelques stations (RAuger,MAXIMA) ont permis une caractérisation efficace de l'environnement radio du site, ils ont également apporté des contraintes sur les mécanismes responsables de l'émission du champ électrique par les gerbes dans le domaine du MHz. Les prototypes ont mené à la construction d’AERA (Auger Engineering Radio Array) qui, avec 124 stations couvrant 6 km², est le premier réseau grande échelle de radio détection des gerbes dans le domaine du MHz. AERA est déployé dans l'extension basse énergie de l'observatoire afin de bénéficier d'une statistique plus importante. Le réseau permet d'intéressantes mesures hybrides ; son emplacement permet en effet de croiser les données obtenues par la radio avec celles provenant du réseau de surface (SD) et des télescopes à fluorescence (FD) proches du réseau. Cette thèse est dédiée à la caractérisation de signaux transitoires radio détectés par RAuger et AERA. Comme un des défis de la radio détection des gerbes atmosphériques est de supprimer les bruits de fond anthropiques causant des déclenchements accidentels, des méthodes de réjection du bruit de fond et de sélection des coïncidences SD-AERA ont été développées. Une étude de la corrélation entre le développement de la gerbe dans l'atmosphère (profil longitudinal) et le champ électrique mesuré par les stations radio est également présentée. Cette étude valide le lien direct entre le champ électrique et le développement de la gerbe dans l'atmosphère et confirme l’intérêt du signal radio pour l’estimation de la nature des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute énergie. / After more than a century of studies, one of the challenging questions related to ultra-high energy cosmic rays concerns their nature, which remains unclear. Improving the knowledge about the composition of cosmic rays will permit to constrain the models concerning their origins and the production mechanisms in the astrophysical sources. Simulations show that, the electric field emitted by the shower is sensitive to its development. This electric-field can be measured with a high duty cycle, and thus is apromising technique to identify an observable sensitive to the nature of the primary cosmic ray. The radio signal is also used to measure its arrival direction and its energy. Since 2006, the Pierre Auger Observatory hosts several radio detection arrays of cosmic rays, starting from small size prototypes (RAuger, MAXIMA) to achieve a large scale array of 124 radio stations: AERA, the Auger Engineering Radio Array covering 6 km². These different arrays allow the study of the radio emission during the development of the shower in the MHz domain. AERA is deployed in the low energy extension of the Pierre Auger Observatory in order to have a larger statistics. It enables interesting hybrid measurements, with the comparison of radio observable with those obtained with the surface detector (SD) and the fluorescence telescopes close to the array. This thesis is dedicated to the characterization of the radio transient signals detected by RAuger and AERA. As one of the challenges of the radio detection of air-shower is to remove the anthropic background causing accidental triggering, methods for background rejection and SD-AERA coincidences selection have been developed. A study of the correlation between the shower development in the atmosphere (longitudinal profile) and the electric-field measured by the radio stations is also presented. This study shows the relationship between the electric-field and the shower development in the atmosphere and confirms that the radio signal is a powerful tool to study the nature of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays.
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Infusing Transition Content into Core Content Instruction for Students with Extensive Support NeedsRoot, Jenny, Mims, Pamela J., Knight, Victoria 18 January 2018 (has links)
Secondary teachers face many challenges in balancing academic and transition priorities for students with extensive support needs. This panel will provide research-based strategies for designing instruction that addresses multiple priorities in literacy, science, and mathematics lessons. Learner Outcomes: (1) Participants will describe components of self-determination that have an impact on academic achievement for students with disabilities; (2) Participants will use transition-infused academic instruction to design IEPs and lessons that value student diversity; (3) Participants will identify research-based strategies for integrating transition and academic skill instruction across content areas
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Study of cosmic rays by Auger and LHAASO : R&D and Data Analysis of AugerPrime and simulations for LHAASO / Étude des rayons cosmiques par Auger et LHAASO : R&D et analyse de données d'AugerPrime et simulations pour LHAASOZong, Zizhao 20 October 2017 (has links)
Les rayons cosmiques sont des particules chargées, ainsi que des coproduits comme les photons et les neutrinos, issus de sources de rayons cosmiques galactiques ou extragalactiques. Ils arrivent au sommet de l'atmosphère terrestre avec des énergies primaires allant jusqu'à quelques 10 EeV. Lorsque les rayons cosmiques entrent dans l'atmosphère, ils interagissent avec les molécules de l'air et produisent un grand nombre de particules secondaires, créant une gerbe atmosphérique (extensive air shower, EAS). Accompagné des particules secondaires, une émission de la lumière Cherenkov et de la lumière fluorescence est induite par le passage des particules dans l'atmosphère. L'Observatoire Pierre Auger et Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) sont des observatoires dédiés à la détection des gerbes atmosphériques dans le but de répondre aux questions ouvertes concernant les rayons cosmiques, mais se concentrant sur différentes gammes d'énergie, les plus hautes énergies et les énergies autour de quelques PeV. Après plus de 10 ans d'exploitation de l'Observatoire Pierre Auger, la collaboration Auger a proposé une amélioration des détecteurs de son réseau de surface, appelée "AugerPrime". Le but est d'augmenter la sensibilité à la masse des particules primaires en ajoutant un détecteur scintillateur sur le détecteur Cherenkov à eau. Les deux observatoires sont dits «hybrides» car composés de télescopes optiques observant le développement longitudinal des gerbes et des réseaux de détecteurs de surface échantillonnant leurs profils latéraux. Dans cette thèse, une série d'études contribuant aux projets AugerPrime et LHAASO sont présentées. En ce qui concerne le projet AugerPrime, la présente étude comprend le travail de recherche & développement des scintillateurs et l'analyse de données du réseau de tester. Pour le projet LHAASO, des simulations de télescopes Cherenkov et une analyse multivariée des observations hybrides pour l'identification des masses primaires sont présentées. / Cosmic rays are charged particles, as well as coproducts like photons and neutrinos, originated in cosmic-ray sources inside or outside the Galaxy. They arrive at the top of the Earth's atmosphere with primary energies of up to a few 10 EeV. When the cosmic rays enter the atmosphere, they interact with the molecules in the air and produce a large number of secondary particles, creating an extensive air shower (EAS). The ground-based observation of the EAS can be used to deduce the energy, the arrival direction, and the mass composition of cosmic rays. The Pierre Auger Observatory and the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) are both EAS observatories aiming at solving open questions of cosmic-ray studies but focusing on different energy ranges, the highest-energy and the so-called knee (around few PeV) regions. Based on the experience gained during the operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory for more than 10 years, the Auger collaboration has proposed an upgrade project, called ''AugerPrime'', with the aim of increasing the sensitivity of the surface detector array to the primary mass of cosmic rays. Both observatories employ the so-called ''hybrid detector arrays'' composed of optical telescopes overlooking the longitudinal development and ground detector arrays sampling the signal densities in the lateral direction of the EAS. The ground detector arrays of both observatories are being constructed or upgraded to have various types of particle detectors (scintillator and water-Cherenkov detectors), which allow us to decompose the electromagnetic and muonic components of the EAS. In this thesis, a series of studies contributing to the AugerPrime and LHAASO projects are presented. Concerning the AugerPrime project, the present study includes R&D work of the scintillator detector and data analysis of the engineering array. For the LHAASO project, simulations of the wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array and a multivariate analysis of LHAASO-hybrid observations for the primary mass identification are presented.
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Fenomenologicé modely inspirované QCD a jejich využití v analýze kosmického záření při ultravysokých energiích / Phenomenological models inspired by QCD and their use in the analysis of ultra-high energy cosmic raysEbr, Jan January 2017 (has links)
Cosmic rays of energies above 1014 eV are detected mostly indirectly, by observing the extensive air showers they create in the atmosphere. Multiple experiments suggest that the current models of high-energy interactions do not describe the cosmic ray data perfectly, in particular when it comes to the prediction for the number of muons at ground. We present two models aiming to improve the description of the muon component, one based on the addition of particles with small momenta in the local center-of-mass frame of the high-energy hadronic interactions in the shower, the other on the addition of the so-called dark photons to the electromagnetic part of the shower. While we find the latter having no observable consequences, the former improves the agreement between observed and predicted amounts of muons both for the DELPHI cosmic ray data and for the measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory. We also describe the FRAM telescope, a device used to monitor the atmosphere at the Pierre Auger Observatory, and its applications to the search for anomalous shower profiles and to the measurement of the aerosol content of the atmosphere, which is crucial for the analysis of data obtained by fluorescence detectors. 1
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Hasičská stanice / Fire stationHorváthová, Radka January 2022 (has links)
The topic of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the construction of a fire station with almost zero energy consumption. The building will serve as a fire station type P4 with the scope of the JPO I unit - a unit of the fire department with a territorial scope, usually within 20 minutes drive from the place of deployment. The designed building is a detached object with two above-ground and one underground floor. The building is designed as a reinforced concrete skeleton. It consists of two operating units. The administrative and operational part has three floors. In this part, the main entrance to the building is on the 1st floor, oriented on the south side. The technical rooms of the fire department are located on the first floor and are functionally connected to the administrative part. Exit garages, a car wash and a dryer are also attached to it. Prior to the elaboration of the project, a visit to the regional fire station in Trnava and a consultation with the director of this station took place regarding the needs and requirements of the fire department.
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[pt] DINÂMICA INTRADIÁRIA DO MERCADO DE AÇÕES BRASILEIRO / [en] HIGH-FREQUENCY DYNAMICS OF THE BRAZILIAN STOCK MARKETANDERSON ALEXANDER GOMES CORTINES 26 December 2005 (has links)
[pt] A modelagem do mercado financeiro requer uma descrição
completa da
estatística dos preços assim como de sua dinâmica.
Analisamos as flutuações de
preço do mercado de ações brasileiro (IBOVESPA) em escala
de tempo intradiária,
no período 2002-2004, considerando distribuições q-
Gaussianas P(q) (x,t)
provenientes da estatística não-extensiva de Tsallis.
Estas distribuições são soluções
de uma equação de Fokker-Planck (EFP) não-linear, que
permite modelar a difusão
anômala observada na série temporal de preços de alta
freqüência a partir de
mecanismos de feedback estatístico na dinâmica de formação
de preços. Nossos
resultados mostram que, quando retornos de preços são
medidos em escalas
temporais de até 30 minutos, as distribuições empíricas
são bem descritas por q-Gaussianas, com parâmetro não-
extensivo q estacionário e com truncamento
exponencial das caudas. Através da análise das
propriedades de escala temporal dos
primeiros momentos das distribuições empíricas, analisamos
a consistência entre a
evolução temporal observada e a prevista pela EFP não-
linear e obtemos os
parâmetros do modelo que caracterizam a dinâmica de nosso
mercado. A presença
de correlação temporal retarda a convergência das
distribuições de retornos de
preços para o regime Gaussiano de acordo com o T.L.C.,
surgindo assim um novo
regime q-Gaussiano para escalas de tempo curtas, cujo
comportamento
superdifusivo é regido pela EFP considerada. Nossos
resultados indicam que esta
modelagem fornece uma descrição adequada para a dinâmica
das flutuações de
preços intradiárias do IBOVESPA. / [en] The stock market modeling requires a complete statistical
description of the
price and its dynamics. We analyze the intra-day Brazilian
stock market price
fluctuations (IBOVESPA), in the period 2002-2004,
considering q-Gaussians
distributions P(q) (x,t) derived from Tsallis non-
extensive statistics. Such
distributions are solutions of a non-linear Fokker-Planck
equation (F.P.E.),
allowing to model the anomalous diffusion found at high
frequency price time
series from statistical feedback mechanisms in the
dynamics of price formation.
Our results show that, when returns are measured over
intervals less than 30
minutes, the empirical distributions are well fitted by q-
Gaussians, with stationary
non-extensive parameter q and exponential damped tails.
From the time scale
properties of the first moments of the empirical
distributions, we analyze the
consistency between the observed time evolution and the
foreseen behavior within
the non-linear F.P.E. and get the model parameters that
characterize our high
frequency market dynamics. The presence of time
correlation slows down the
convergence of the price return distributions to a
Gaussian regime according to
C.L.T., giving rise to a new q-Gaussian regime for very
short time scales, with
super diffusive behavior driven by the considered F.P.E.
Our results show that this
modeling provides an adequate description of the dynamics
of the Brazilian stock
market intra-day price fluctuations.
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Using Hybrid to Turn Workplace Vibrant : An Empirical Study about Hybrid Workplace Implications on Employee EngagementPrevot, Pablo, Mägi, Peeter January 2022 (has links)
Background: Sudden change in work routine, as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic, disrupted the historic patterns and created phenomena where people were forced to work remotely for a long-term period. Even when the restrictions were eased after the pandemic, business-as-usual concerning workplace was challenged since employees did not want to return to their 9-5 jobs. Therefore, employers are forced to rethink their legacy approach concerning where and when work can be conducted. Research Problem: With both employees and employers mutually convinced about the need for redefining how work can be executed, in parallel with negative correlation existing between extensive remote work and employee engagement, calls for exploring alternative flexible working arrangements. Research Purpose: In the context where neither extensive remote work nor fully on-site setups are perceived as the optimal workplace solutions after the Covid-19 pandemic, a hybrid approach may provide middle-ground, ideally combing the positive elements from both home- and corporate office workplaces, resulting in an enhanced employee engagement. Hence, the purpose is to understand how hybrid workplace impacts employee engagement. Research Question: What are the implications of hybrid workplace on employee engagement? Research Method: This research is qualitative and inductive, following relativism ontology and social constructionism epistemology. Grounded Theory as methodology, and data collected through 12 semi-structured interviews, concluded with grounded analysis to conduct interpretation and analysis. Conclusion: The outcome of this study confirms that employee engagement is affected by hybrid approach as a workplace arrangement, either positively or negatively, dependent on conditions how hybrid approach is configured and implemented. Hybrid workplace elements which impact employee engagement were identified and are presented in this paper.
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A Comparative Study of Three Growing Media and Four Plant Groups Under Extensive Green Roof Conditions in San Luis Obispo, CANelson, Todd Alan 01 July 2010 (has links) (PDF)
ABSTRACT A Comparative Study of Three Growing Media and Four Plant Groups Under Extensive Green Roof Conditions in San Luis Obispo, California Todd A. Nelson Green roof growing media and plant species are critical factors when deciding on the best materials for a project. Growing media must be chosen in accordance with load bearing capacities of structures and water requirements of the plant material. Plant species must be able to thrive in the climate of the green roof and withstand a green roof’s harsh environment. The objectives of this research were: (1) to determine which of three extensive green roof growing media support the most growth of Sedum, a proven extensive green roof plant genus; and (2) to determine which of four plant groups provides the most media coverage under extensive green roof conditions. Sedum growing in a granular growing media blend with higher organic matter and larger particles provided more coverage than Sedum growing in a medium with smaller particles with lower organic matter and an experimental foam medium. Sedges covered the soil faster than Sedum, grasses, and Mediterranean species. These results will help green roof designers and landscape architects anticipate the plant growth rates during the first 36 weeks of new projects and choose more effective growing media blends. They can also observe the growth patterns of the plant groups to choose plant material that will achieve the functional objectives of a green roof more efficiently. These results are applicable to green roofs designed for moderate California coastal climates and regions with similar weather conditions.
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Post-operative complications after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitisSundström, Anna January 2022 (has links)
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition of the nose and paranasal sinuses lasting more than 12 weeks. The common treatment is intranasal corticosteroids but if this treatment fails in relieving symptoms endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is considered - a common procedure in the Otolaryngology department in Örebro county. ESS can be assisted by image guided navigation (IGN).In a quality ensuring purpose, this study aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of post-operative complications after ESS and examining possible risk factors for complications. Methods Retrospective chart review study. The post-operative complication rate after ESS was calculated. Bivariate analysis was used to find potential factors associated with post-operative complications. The variables of significance were used in multivariate analysis. Result Out of 131 patients; 52 (39.7%) had any post-operative complication. 21 had major – and 35 had minor complications. Local infection was the most common complication. IGN was associated with an increased risk of complications, both minor (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.6) and overall (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.8). Extensive surgery was associated with an increased risk of complications, both major (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.9) and overall (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.6). Male sex was associated with increased risk of major complications (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-15.5). Conclusion The complication rate is comparable to other studies with similar definition of complications. IGN assistance, extensive surgery and male sex were associated with an increased risk of complications. Further research should be performed before drawing conclusions determining why they increase the risk.
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