The Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo, is categorized as Near Threatened (NT) in IUCN Red List. Today in Sweden it is found only in strongly fragmentized populations. In the county of Stockholm, P. apollo exists exclusively in some islands of the archipelago and with one mainland population in Stora Vika. This study has the purpose of expanding the knowledge of the local conditions for the butterfly in the south parts of the county of Stockholm and thereby contributes to a sustainable land management that can preserve the Apollo butterfly. A comparative study was done between areas where the butterfly today have: a stable population (Stora Vika, Utö and Ålö), has disappeared (Muskö and Yxlö) or is strongly declining (north part of Ornö). The investigation was based on factors that was considered be contributing to the species decline. Factors that was investigated was the general distribution of host-plant S. telephium, overgrowth in rocky outcrops, presence of nectar plants close to host-plants and if a large proportion of forest in the surroundings of the investigation sites could have a isolating impact on sites. The study was based on 10 sites where the butterfly exist, 7 sites where it has disappeared and 3 sites where it has declined. No significant differences could be found for any factor. On the contrary, the general presence of host-plants at rocky outcrops seems to be the same in areas where the butterfly has disappeared as in areas where it exist today. However caterpillars were only found at sites with a wide distribution of host-plants and also at sites with a large proportion of forest in the surroundings. This was speaking against the hypothesis that a large proportion of forest could have an isolating effect on sites and therefore a negative impact on the adult butterfly preferences. The result creates new questions and the conclusion is that more knowledge of the local conditions is needed to ensure good practice in land management. Sites which are today hosted by the caterpillar should be identified, investigated and protected. Furthermore should the dispersal of nectar plants be investigated and it would be interesting to study the effects of limestone by analyzing and compare Cd concentrations in S. telephium from Muskö with plants from Stora Vika, Utö and Ålö.

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I norra delen av Nynäshamn ligger idag dess gymnasium, idrottsanläggningar, kolonilotter och ett industriområde. Ett nytt bostadsområde finns som förslag för att göra området mer attraktivt.  För att uppnå detta är mitt förslag att anlägga en ny pendeltågsstation på platsen som även inkluderar samlingssalar för konferenser, restaurang för hungriga gymnasieelever och arbetare samtidigt som det går att vänta i lokalerna på buss eller pendeltåg. Ett minibibliotek inkluderas på ovanvåningen samt studierum och kontor.  Ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv så vill projektet främja pendling utan bil, knyta ihop cyklister, fotgängare och pendeltågsresenärer. Materialvalet  och formen är baserat på den natur som kolonilotterna på platsen ger. / In the northern part of Nynäshamn there is a high school, sports facilities, allotments and an industrial area. A new residential area is proposed to make the area more attractive. To achieve this, my proposal is to build a new commuter train station that also includes meeting rooms for conferences, a restaurant for hungry high school students and workers, while being able to wait in the building for the bus or commuter train. A mini-library is included upstairs as well as study rooms and offices. From a sustainability perspective, the project wants to promote commuting without a car, connect cyclists, pedestrians and commuter train travelers. The choice of material and form is based on the nature that the allotments on the site provide.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:55:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milene Bueno Marques-Dissertacao.pdf: 825475 bytes, checksum: cd33a50c8ba95cbc3e9504abcf1d976c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Sedum praealtum DC. (Crassulaceae) is one of 350 species pharmacologically active from the genus Sedum, whose actions in treatment of eyes (pain and swelling) and ulcer, inflammatory problems, as contraception and anti-fertilization, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory have been reported. The objective was to evaluate the hydroethanolic extract of S. praealtum regarding their potential antimicrobial in vitro (some bacteria, yeasts and micobactéria strains), cytotoxic in vitro and genotoxic in vivo. A fast phytochemical screening of this extract was also performed. The antimicrobial activities were carried out by microdilution in broth and agar diffusion methods (CLSI). The genotoxic effects and systemic toxic and cytotoxicity were evaluated by micronucleus assay in mice bone marrow and cell cultures of Aedes albopictus, respectively. The selectivity index was also established (SI = CI50/MIC). Dosages of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were done by colorimetric and precipitation techniques. A high amount of phenolic compounds were identified in S. praealtum root. The S. praealtum leaves showed broad spectrum of action and variables MICs: Gram-negative bacteria (E. aerogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens and S. typhimurium), gram-positive (B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, M. luteus and S. aureus) and yeast (S. cerevisiae). The stem and root were restricted to gram-positive bacteria and S. cerevisiae, other than E. coli (stem) and P. mirabilis (root) microbicidal action microorganism- and anatomical part-dependent (leaf, stem or root). S. praealtum showed no inhibition against C. albicans, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. The root showed acceptable SI (SI  1) for P. mirabilis; B. subtilis; B. cereus; M. luteus; E. faecalis; S. aureus and S. cerevisiae, whereas the sheet only for S. cerevisiae. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. praealtum leaves revealed no genotoxic effects (no clastogeny and/or aneugeny) and toxicity in bone marrow of mice, dose (0.5-2 g.Kg-1) and time-independent (24-48 hours), but sex-dependent (male and female). This was the first scientific study of this nature involving S. praealtum and partially the results provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive development and utilization of plant resources. However, advanced phytochemical characterization together with the various pharmacological and pharmacogenomic studies should be conducted in order to characterize their effects and, importantly, for the establishment of limits for human consumption, the delineation of potential risks to human health, and for rational strategies for implementing chemo-preventive measures. / Sedum praealtum DC. (Crassulaceae) é uma das 350 espécies farmacologicamente ativas do gênero Sedum, cujas ações no tratamento dos olhos (dores e inchaços) e úlcera, de problemas inflamatórios, como contraceptivo e antifertilização, antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória foram relatadas. O objetivo foi avaliar o extrato hidroetanólico de S. praealtum quanto aos seus prováveis potenciais antimicrobiano in vitro de algumas cepas de bactérias, de leveduras e de micobactérias, citotóxico in vitro e genotóxico in vivo. Uma rápida triagem fitoquímica desse extrato também foi realizada. As atividades antimicrobianas foram realizadas empregando-se os métodos de microdiluição em caldo e em difusão em agar (CLSI). Os efeitos genotóxicos e tóxicos sistêmicos e a citotoxicidade foram avaliados pelo ensaio do micronúcleo na medula óssea de camundongos e pelas culturas celulares de Aedes albopictus, respectivamente. O índice de seletividade também foi estabelecido (IS = CI50/CIM). Dosagens de flavonoides e compostos fenólicos foram feitas usando técnicas colorimétricas e de precipitação. Uma elevada quantia de compostos fenólicos foi identificada na raiz de S. praealtum. As folhas de S. praealtum mostraram ação de amplo espectro e CIM variáveis: bactérias gram-negativas (E. aerogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens e S. typhimurium), gram-positivas (B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, M. luteus e S. aureus) e levedura (S. cerevisiae). O caule e a raiz foram restritos às bactérias gram-positivas e S. cerevisiae, exceto E. coli (caule) e P. mirabilis (raiz) ação microbicida micro-organismo-dependente e parte anatômica-dependente (folha, caule ou raiz). S. praealtum não apresentou ação contra C. albicans, M. tuberculosis e M. bovis. A raiz mostrou IS aceitável (IS  1) para P. mirabilis; B. subtilis; B. cereus; M. luteus; E. faecalis; S. aureus e S. cerevisae, enquanto que a folha apenas para S. cerevisae. O extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de S. praealtum revelou efeitos não genotóxicos (ausência de clastogenia e/ou aneugênia) e efeitos tóxicos na medula óssea de camundongos, dose- (0,5-2 g.Kg-1) e tempo-independente (24-48h), porém sexo-dependente (macho e fêmea). Este foi o primeiro estudo científico dessa natureza envolvendo S. praealtum e, parcialmente, os resultados fornecem uma base para a utilização e para o desenvolvimento compreensivo de recursos vegetais. Todavia, a caracterização fitoquímica avançada aliada aos diversos estudos farmacológicos e farmacogenômicos deveriam ser conduzidos a fim de caracterizar os seus efeitos e, mais importante, estabelecer limites para o consumo popular, delinear os riscos potenciais à saúde humana, e implementar estratégias racionais e medidas quimio-preventivas.

Syftet med arbetet är att få en förståelse för moss-sedumtakets bullerdämpande egenskaper. Jag kommer även att försöka förutsäga med hjälp av akustikteori vilken utav de två olika uppbyggnadssystemen av moss-sedumtak som ger den bästa bullerdämpande effekten. Mätningarna kommer att bestå i att registrera ljudtrycksnivån i rummet, vid varje oktavband i frekvensområdet 125-4000 Hz. Först utan moss-sedummattan och sedan med moss-sedum mattan. Storleken på differensen i ljudnivån ger en bild av i vilket frekvensområde som ljudabsorptionen är effektivast. För att ytterliggare öka förståelsen för hur moss-sedum absorberar ljud så kommer även absorptionsfaktorn att beräknas. Utifrån resultaten kan man se en tydlig bild på hur xeroflor moss-sedum mattan absorberar i frekvenserna 125-4000 Hz. Den har sin bästa absorption i området 500-4000 Hz och i detta område så är det runt 1000 Hz som den absorberar effektivast.   Om vi tittar på de två olika systemen som Veg Tech använder för att bygga upp ett sedumtak på så sker dämpningen i XMS 0-4 med hjälp av luftspalten och i system XMS 2-27 i VT-filten. Men i detta fall så är luftspalten endast 25 mm så en märkbar ökad dämpning är svårt att föreställa sig. VT-filten som används i XMS 2-27 har öppna celler och kan liknas vid mineralull, som är en bra absorbent. Min slutsats är att 10 mm VT-filt ger bättre dämpning än en luftspalt på 25 mm.

<p></p><p>Syftet med arbetet är att få en förståelse för moss-sedumtakets bullerdämpande egenskaper. Jag kommer även att försöka förutsäga med hjälp av akustikteori vilken utav de två olika uppbyggnadssystemen av moss-sedumtak som ger den bästa bullerdämpande effekten.</p><p>Mätningarna kommer att bestå i att registrera ljudtrycksnivån i rummet, vid varje oktavband i frekvensområdet 125-4000 Hz. Först utan moss-sedummattan och sedan med moss-sedum mattan. Storleken på differensen i ljudnivån ger en bild av i vilket frekvensområde som ljudabsorptionen är effektivast. För att ytterliggare öka förståelsen för hur moss-sedum absorberar ljud så kommer även absorptionsfaktorn att beräknas. Utifrån resultaten kan man se en tydlig bild på hur xeroflor moss-sedum mattan absorberar i frekvenserna 125-4000 Hz. Den har sin bästa absorption i området 500-4000 Hz och i detta område så är det runt 1000 Hz som den absorberar effektivast.</p><p> </p><p>Om vi tittar på de två olika systemen som Veg Tech använder för att bygga upp ett sedumtak på så sker dämpningen i XMS 0-4 med hjälp av luftspalten och i system XMS 2-27 i VT-filten. Men i detta fall så är luftspalten endast 25 mm så en märkbar ökad dämpning är svårt att föreställa sig. VT-filten som används i XMS 2-27 har öppna celler och kan liknas vid mineralull, som är en bra absorbent. Min slutsats är att 10 mm VT-filt ger bättre dämpning än en luftspalt på 25 mm.</p><p> </p>

The roseroot genus Rhodiola is widely distributed in arctic and alpine areas of the Northern Hemisphere. It is most speciose in the high mountain ranges of central Asia. Rhodiola integrifolia occurs at high altitudes and high latitudes in western North America and northeastern Asia. During the Pleistocene glaciations the region between Asia and North America known as Beringia was ice free and acted as a glacial refugium for coldadapted taxa. I surveyed variation in a nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (psbA-trnH spacer) DNA region in R. integrifolia and its North American relatives, R. rosea and R. rhodantha. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS showed that (i) the western North American species R. integrifolia and R. rhodantha are distinct but closely related sister taxa; and (ii) these two species and the eastern North American R. rosea belong to separate clades within Rhodiola. Analyses of the plastid region showed that although the sister species R. integrifolia and R. rhodantha are distinct, some populations sampled in the southern Rocky Mountains (where the two species overlap) share psbA-trnH haplotypes, suggesting that they hybridized at some time in the past. Within R. integrifolia, both nuclear and plastid DNA regions showed strong north-south patterns of differentiation, a pattern consistent with western North America’s glacial history. Restriction site analysis and sequencing of the plastid psbA-trnH spacer region from samples from 66 populations of R. integrifolia revealed 12 restriction-site haplotypes and 28 sequence haplotypes. A few of the sequence haplotypes were widely distributed, but most were relatively localized. Of the localized haplotypes, 10 were exclusively Beringian and an additional four were found along the northern boundary of glaciation (at the last glacial maximum) in the Yukon and Alaska; two haplotypes were found in northern coastal BC (Queen Charlotte Islands and adjacent mainland), in the vicinity of possible glacial refugia on the Queen Charlotte Islands. Only five haplotypes occurred exclusively south of the glacial maximum. Haplotype diversity in R. integrifolia decreased toward the south. Populations north of 60 N contained 21 (75%) of the 28 sequence haplotypes, and often contained multiple restriction-site haplotypes. Populations south of that latitude contained a total of only 13 restriction haplotypes, and were usually monomorphic for restriction-site haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of R. integrifolia plastid DNA sequences supported a hypothesis of southward spread from Alaska, and suggested that two to three clades of R. integrifolia independently migrated southward in western North America.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Human settlement displaces and fragments natural habitats. Design choices in the landscape directly affect both local diversity and extinction rates. This study seeks to understand how avifauna are responding to this new technology in Mississippi.

Autism diagnoses are on the rise and part of the explanation is that society is making increasing demands on us and our brains. Autism is largely about how we perceive and interpret our surroundings, so there should be opportunities to support people with autism through thoughtful architecture to reduce stress levels and save energy. What is autism-friendly architecture and what might it look like?  In this project, I have designed a service residence (a type of LSS accommodation) for adults diagnosed with autism. By reviewing relevant literature and reference projects on the topic, I have tried to find keys on how to design a home that can support a person with autism. The overall objectives of the design are to reduce stress, enhance the individual's independence and support social interaction. The architectural aspects I have mainly worked on to achieve this are daylight, views, visual connections and boundaries and the organisation of the programme. Since people with autism have, among other symptoms, a different sensory experience often being hyper- or hypersensitivity to sensory input, an autism-friendly architecture is very much about designing for the senses.  The conclusion is that accommodation suitable for a person with an autism diagnosis can suit most people. It’s more about avoiding certain things that may be experienced as disturbing in different ways by people with autism, rather than adding special features.