Aim: The overall aim was to create knowledge about what it means to live with bipolar disorder from an existential perspective, both for individuals with the diagnosis and for their close relatives. Method: An existential perspective in this context entails that it is explored and described from a lifeworld perspective of individuals who in various ways experience that which is termed as bipolar disorder. The lifeworld phenomenological approach Reflective Lifeworld Research (RLR) was used in the four empirical studies. Meaning-oriented interviews and analysis were conducted following the leading methodological principles of the chosen scientific approach. A synthesis, based on lifeworld hermeneutic existential philosophy, then presents how it is possible to understand the perspective of individuals with bipolar disorder and their close relatives as a coherent whole. Findings and conclusions: A magnitude and complexity of experiencing, which means that life with bipolar disorder is characterized by extra dimensions, specific tension and contradictions, has been elucidated. Knowledge of the meaning of these aspects enables for the persons with the illness and for their close relatives to understand, to put words to, and to communicate how their life is and what they need, which in turn enhances their ability to influence their lives. It also increases the opportunities for professional caregivers to develop care, both in content and organization, so that it can meet the actual needs of those concerned in an adequate way. Living with bipolar disorder means so much more than the usual description with changes between episodes of depression and mania. The diagnosis “bipolar disorder” thus appears to be an inadequate label that only reflects the more obvious and visible dimensions of the illness, while those that characterize life in its entirety remain hidden. The thesis also shows that the importance of the common everyday life of persons with bipolar disorder and their close relatives should be highlighted as the most important factor in a liveable existence. A change in the view of mental health care is thus needed; a change that is characterized by consensus, collaboration and transparent communication between the person with the illness, their close relatives and mental health care. The common goal should be about meeting actual needs, and to strengthen a profound connectedness in order to make everyday life more liveable.

Obtivemos famílias de soluções estáticas e esfericamente simétricas para buracos negros numa brana com vácuo, constante cosmológica não nula e imersa num bulk 5-dimensional assintoticamente anti-de Sitter. Para o caso das geometrias assintoticamente de Sitter, o único membro da família obtida foi a geometria Schwarzschild-de Sitter extrema. Para o caso de geometrias assintoticamente anti-de Sitter, obtivemos toda uma família de soluções, onde cada elemento desta família é determinado por uma constante C. Estudamos o comportamento destas soluções próximo e longe do horizonte de eventos. A seguir, analisamos a evolução de um campo escalar não massivo no exterior dos buracos negros obtidos. Verificamos analiticamente e numericamente o comportamento do potencial efetivo em função da coordenada tartaruga próximo ao horizonte de eventos. Para qualquer geometria ou solução desta família observamos que o campo escalar não massivo decai com o tempo, e o tipo de decaimento depende do valor da constante C. Assim, toda a família de soluções obtida mostrou-se estável. / We found classes of static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions on the brane for a vacuum configuration, non-null cosmological constant, embedded into a 5-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter bulk. In the asymptotically de Sitter case, the only solution obtained was the extreme Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry. In the asymptotically anti-de Sitter case, a class of solutions was obtained where a particular geometry is fixed by a constant, C. We studied the behaviour of these solutions near and far from the horizon. Next, we studied the time evolution of a scalar field outside the black hole. For the effective potential as function of tortoise coordinate, the analytical results near the horizon agree with numerical calculations. The scalar field decays with time and the particular form of decay depends of the value for C. Thus, all solutions in the obtained class are stable.

A number of models of nature incorporate dimensions beyond our observed four. In this thesis we examine some examples and consequences of classical instabilities that emerge in the higher-dimensional theories of gravity which can describe their low energy phenomenology. <br /><br /> We first investigate a gravitational instability for black strings carrying momentum along an internal direction. We argue that this implies a new type of solution that is nonuniform along the extra dimension and find that there is a boost dependent critical dimension for which they are stable. Our analysis implies the existence of an analogous instability for the five-dimensional black ring. We construct a simple mode of the black ring to aid in applying these results and argue that such rings should exist in any number of space-time dimensions. <br /><br /> Next we consider a recently constructed class of nonsupersummetric solutions of type IIB supergravity which are everywhere smooth and have no horizon. We demonstrate that these solutions are all classically unstable. The instability is a generic feature of horizonless geometries with an ergoregion. We consider the endpoint of this instability and argue that the solutions decay to supersymmetric configurations. We also comment on the implications of the ergoregion instability for Mathur's 'fuzzball' proposal. <br /><br /> Finally, we consider an interesting braneworld cosmology in the Randall-Sundrum scenario constructed using a bulk space-time which corresponds to a charged AdS black hole. In particular, these solutions appear to 'bounce', making a smooth transition from a contracting to an expanding phase. By considering the space-time geometry more carefully, we demonstrate that generically in these solutions the brane will encounter a singularity in the transition region.

A number of models of nature incorporate dimensions beyond our observed four. In this thesis we examine some examples and consequences of classical instabilities that emerge in the higher-dimensional theories of gravity which can describe their low energy phenomenology. <br /><br /> We first investigate a gravitational instability for black strings carrying momentum along an internal direction. We argue that this implies a new type of solution that is nonuniform along the extra dimension and find that there is a boost dependent critical dimension for which they are stable. Our analysis implies the existence of an analogous instability for the five-dimensional black ring. We construct a simple mode of the black ring to aid in applying these results and argue that such rings should exist in any number of space-time dimensions. <br /><br /> Next we consider a recently constructed class of nonsupersummetric solutions of type IIB supergravity which are everywhere smooth and have no horizon. We demonstrate that these solutions are all classically unstable. The instability is a generic feature of horizonless geometries with an ergoregion. We consider the endpoint of this instability and argue that the solutions decay to supersymmetric configurations. We also comment on the implications of the ergoregion instability for Mathur's 'fuzzball' proposal. <br /><br /> Finally, we consider an interesting braneworld cosmology in the Randall-Sundrum scenario constructed using a bulk space-time which corresponds to a charged AdS black hole. In particular, these solutions appear to 'bounce', making a smooth transition from a contracting to an expanding phase. By considering the space-time geometry more carefully, we demonstrate that generically in these solutions the brane will encounter a singularity in the transition region.

We present a search for scalar and tensor unparticles in the diphoton final state produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 10 TeV, with the CMS detector at LHC. The analysis focuses on the data sample corresponding to the integrated luminosity of 100 pb&amp / #8722 / 1, expected to be collected in the first LHC run. The exclusion limits on unparticle parameters, scaling dimension dU and coupling constant lambda, and the discovery potential for unparticles are presented. This is the first simulation study of the sensitivity to unparticles decaying into the diphoton final state at a hadron collider.

Obtivemos famílias de soluções estáticas e esfericamente simétricas para buracos negros numa brana com vácuo, constante cosmológica não nula e imersa num bulk 5-dimensional assintoticamente anti-de Sitter. Para o caso das geometrias assintoticamente de Sitter, o único membro da família obtida foi a geometria Schwarzschild-de Sitter extrema. Para o caso de geometrias assintoticamente anti-de Sitter, obtivemos toda uma família de soluções, onde cada elemento desta família é determinado por uma constante C. Estudamos o comportamento destas soluções próximo e longe do horizonte de eventos. A seguir, analisamos a evolução de um campo escalar não massivo no exterior dos buracos negros obtidos. Verificamos analiticamente e numericamente o comportamento do potencial efetivo em função da coordenada tartaruga próximo ao horizonte de eventos. Para qualquer geometria ou solução desta família observamos que o campo escalar não massivo decai com o tempo, e o tipo de decaimento depende do valor da constante C. Assim, toda a família de soluções obtida mostrou-se estável. / We found classes of static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions on the brane for a vacuum configuration, non-null cosmological constant, embedded into a 5-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter bulk. In the asymptotically de Sitter case, the only solution obtained was the extreme Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry. In the asymptotically anti-de Sitter case, a class of solutions was obtained where a particular geometry is fixed by a constant, C. We studied the behaviour of these solutions near and far from the horizon. Next, we studied the time evolution of a scalar field outside the black hole. For the effective potential as function of tortoise coordinate, the analytical results near the horizon agree with numerical calculations. The scalar field decays with time and the particular form of decay depends of the value for C. Thus, all solutions in the obtained class are stable.

Orientador: Orlando Luis Goulart Peres / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BastoGonzalez_VictorSaul_D.pdf: 37659795 bytes, checksum: f4492cea9594ac4fbffc288a0c46526a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Motivados pelos indícios experimentais da existência de um quarto neutrino, que surge nos dados de oscilações coletados nos experimentos de aparecimento e desaparecimento de neutrinos, e pela possibilidade teórica de explicar a pequena massa dos neutrinos através de dimensões extras grandes, fizemos análises em procura de vestígios destas duas motivações nos experimentos IceCube e KATRIN. A existência deste quarto neutrino implicaria 1) que existem mais neutrinos que os três tipos de neutrinos do Modelo Padrão da física de partículas, 2) que as interações deste novo neutrino não são descritas pelo Modelo Padrão, 3) que os parâmetros da mistura dos três tipos de neutrinos do Modelo Padrão seriam afetados pela mistura com este novo neutrino e 4) que a diferença dos quadrados das massas, ?m^{2}, associada a este neutrino seria grande, ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2}. Usando os dados de neutrinos atmosféricos de IceCube, podemos indagar pela existência do quarto neutrino, pois para, ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2} acontece uma conversão de sabor devida ao efeito de matéria sobre o neutrino no intervalo de energias analisado no IceCube. Assim, este efeito de matéria permite-nos pôr limites sobre os parâmetros que governam as oscilações de neutrinos estéreis. O experimento KATRIN procurará medir a massa do neutrino. Esta medida será feita analisando a cinemática dos elétrons emitidos no decaimento beta do Trítio que é uma medida independente do modelo físico, pois está fundamentada na conservação da energia. A presença de estados mais pesados, como os que existem quando neutrinos estéreis estão presentes, nos permitirá vincular estes neutrinos estéreis. Especificamente, analisamos em KATRIN indícios de um e dois neutrinos estéreis e também de dimensões extras grandes / Abstract: Motivated by the experimental evidence of the existence of a fourth neutrino, which arises from the data collected of neutrino oscillations in appearance and disappearance experiments, and by the theoretical possibility to explain the smallness of the mass of the neutrinos through large extra dimensions, we performed analyses in search of seeking indication of these two motivations in the IceCube and KATRIN experiments. The existence of this fourth neutrino would imply 1) that there are more types of neutrinos than the three types of neutrinos present in the Standard Model of particle physics, 2) that this new neutrino interactions are not described by the Standard Model, 3) that the parameters of the three neutrinos mixing would be affected by mixing with this new type of neutrino, and 4) that the squared-mass difference , ?m^{2} associated with this new neutrino would be large, , ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2}. Using the atmospheric neutrino data from IceCube, we can investigate the existence of the fourth neutrino because a flavor conversion happens in the limit , ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2} due to the effect of matter on the neutrino in the range of energies analyzed in the IceCube. Thus, this matter effect allows us to constrain the parameters that govern the sterile neutrino oscillations. The KATRIN experiment will seek to measure the neutrino mass. This measure will be performed by analyzing the kinematics of electrons emitted in the tritium beta decay, which is an independent measure of the physical model because it is based on energy conservation. The presence of heavier states such as those that exist when sterile neutrinos are present, will allow us to constrain these sterile neutrinos. Specifically, we analyze in KATRIN evidence of one and two sterile neutrinos and also of large extra dimensions / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

This thesis is about thwo papers related to extra dimensions. Paper A discusses extrinsic curvature effects, and paper B treats symmetries of supersymmetric membranes. In the part of this thesis related to paper A, we extend the theory of non-relativistic quantum particles confined to submanifolds to relativistic boson fields. We show that a Klein-Gordon field constrained to a submanifold of a Lorentzian manifold experiences an induced potential similar to the one for the Schr{\"o}dinger equation. We embedd the Schwarzschild solution and the Robertson-Walker space-time and derive the induced potentials. Possible physical consequences of these induced potentials are also discussed. The second part is related to paper B, we study the dynamics of supersymmetric membranes, which are higher dimensional generalizations of supersymmetric strings. We derive a supersymmetric analogue of a dynamical symmetry for bosonic membranes. / QC 20110427

No description available.

<p>Defended on November 3rd, 2011</p> / <p>In this thesis, we describe the properties of brane worlds embedded in a spacetime with two extra dimensions. We derive and describe the boundary conditions that branes impose on the bulk fields in the theory, and show that they reproduce known results for D7 branes in F-theory compactifications of type IIB supergravity. We show how brane-bulk couplings can stabilize moduli of a flux stabilized compactification of extra dimensions. An important new ingredient is that the branes can have a magnetic coupling to the flux that stabilizes the bulk. This coupling allows the system to relax the stringent constraints of flux quantization, which allows the bulk spacetime to respond to perturbations of the branes. We derive the dynamics of the lower-dimensional effective theory below the Kaluza-Klein scale, and show that the contributions of the magnetic coupling can be competitive with the tension of the brane. We first describe the simplest flux compactification: an Einstein-scalar- Maxwell theory in 6 dimensions. We find that the effective potential in 4 dimensions gets minimized at the position one would naively expect - at the stationary point of the sum of all the brane Lagrangians - but its value at the minimum gets changed by the magnetic coupling to the brane. Next we find that if the bulk is described by 6 dimensional gauged chiral supergravity, the effect of the magnetic coupling allows the curvature on the brane to be suppressed relative to the generic scale of the tension on the branes. We use this observation to construct an explicit brane-bulk system that has a technically natural cosmological constant of the correct size. The classical on-brane curvature vanishes in our construction, and the first order quantum corrections give a value to the cosmological constant of the right order of magnitude. We estimate higher loop corrections, and they are greatly suppressed.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)