Ao se realizar estudo em qualquer área do conhecimento, quanto mais dados se dispuser, maior a dificuldade de se extrair conhecimento útil deste banco de dados. A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar algumas ferramentas ditas inteligentes, de extração de conhecimento destes grandes repositórios de dados. Apesar de ter várias conotações, neste trabalho, irá se entender extração de conhecimento dos repositórios de dados a ocorrência combinada de alguns dados com freqüência e confiabilidade que se consideram interessantes, ou seja, na medida e que determinado dado ou conjunto de dados aparece no repositório de dados, em freqüência considerada razoável, outro dado ou conjunto de dados irá aparecer. Executada sobre repositórios de dados referentes a informações georreferenciadas dos alunos da UERJ (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), irá se analisar os resultados de duas ferramentas de extração de dados, bem como apresentar possibilidades de otimização computacional destas ferramentas. / Comparative Study of Techniques for Extracting knowledge from large data repositories. When conducting the study in any field of knowledge, the more data is available, the greater the difficulty in extracting useful knowledge from this database. The purpose of this paper is to present some tools called intelligent, knowledge extraction of these large data repositories. Although many connotations, this work will understand knowledge extraction from data repositories on the combined occurrence of some data with frequency and reliability that are considered interesting, ie, the extent and specific data or data set appears in the data, at a rate deemed reasonable, other data or data set will appear. Runs on repositories of data on georeferenced data of students UERJ (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), will analyze the results of two tools to extract data and present opportunities for optimization of these computational tools.

Ao se realizar estudo em qualquer área do conhecimento, quanto mais dados se dispuser, maior a dificuldade de se extrair conhecimento útil deste banco de dados. A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar algumas ferramentas ditas inteligentes, de extração de conhecimento destes grandes repositórios de dados. Apesar de ter várias conotações, neste trabalho, irá se entender extração de conhecimento dos repositórios de dados a ocorrência combinada de alguns dados com freqüência e confiabilidade que se consideram interessantes, ou seja, na medida e que determinado dado ou conjunto de dados aparece no repositório de dados, em freqüência considerada razoável, outro dado ou conjunto de dados irá aparecer. Executada sobre repositórios de dados referentes a informações georreferenciadas dos alunos da UERJ (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), irá se analisar os resultados de duas ferramentas de extração de dados, bem como apresentar possibilidades de otimização computacional destas ferramentas. / Comparative Study of Techniques for Extracting knowledge from large data repositories. When conducting the study in any field of knowledge, the more data is available, the greater the difficulty in extracting useful knowledge from this database. The purpose of this paper is to present some tools called intelligent, knowledge extraction of these large data repositories. Although many connotations, this work will understand knowledge extraction from data repositories on the combined occurrence of some data with frequency and reliability that are considered interesting, ie, the extent and specific data or data set appears in the data, at a rate deemed reasonable, other data or data set will appear. Runs on repositories of data on georeferenced data of students UERJ (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), will analyze the results of two tools to extract data and present opportunities for optimization of these computational tools.

Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse traitent de la gestion des données dans les réseaux inter-véhiculaires (VANETs). Ces derniers sont constitués d’un ensemble d’objets mobiles qui communiquent entre eux à l’aide de réseaux sans fil de type IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, ou Ultra Wide Band (UWB). Avec de tels mécanismes de communication, un véhicule peut recevoir des informations de ses voisins proches ou d’autres plus distants, grâce aux techniques de multi-sauts qui exploitent dans ce cas des objets intermédiaires comme relais. De nombreuses informations peuvent être échangées dans le contexte des «VANETs», notamment pour alerter les conducteurs lorsqu’un événement survient (accident, freinage d’urgence, véhicule quittant une place de stationnement et souhaitant en informer les autres, etc.). Au fur et à mesure de leurs déplacements, les véhicules sont ensuite « contaminés » par les informations transmises par d’autres. Dans ce travail, nous voulons exploiter les données de manière sensiblement différente par rapport aux travaux existants. Ces derniers visent en effet à utiliser les données échangées pour produire des alertes aux conducteurs. Une fois ces données utilisées, elles deviennent obsolètes et sont détruites. Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à générer dynamiquement à partir des données collectées par les véhicules au cours de leur trajet, un résumé (ou agrégat) qui fourni des informations aux conducteurs, y compris lorsqu’aucun véhicule communicant ne se trouve pas à proximité. Pour ce faire, nous proposons tout d’abord une structure d’agrégation spatio-temporelle permettant à un véhicule de résumer l’ensemble des événements observés. Ensuite, nous définissons un protocole d’échange des résumés entre véhicules sans l’intermédiaire d’une infrastructure, permettant à un véhicule d’améliorer sa base de connaissances locale par échange avec ses voisins. Enfin, nous définissons nos stratégies d’exploitation de résumé afin d’aider le conducteur dans la prise de décision. Nous avons validé l’ensemble de nos propositions en utilisant le simulateur « VESPA » en l’étendant pour prendre en compte la notion de résumés. Les résultats de simulation montrent que notre approche permet effectivement d’aider les conducteurs à prendre de bonnes décisions, sans avoir besoin de recourir à une infrastructure centralisatrice / The works in this thesis focus on data management in inter-vehicular networks (VANETs). These networks consist of a set of moving objects that communicate with wireless networks IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, or Ultra Wide Band (UWB). With such communication mechanisms, a vehicle may receive information from its close neighbors or other more remote, thanks to multi-jump techniques that operate in this case intermediate objects as relays. A lot of information can be exchanged in the context of « VANETs », especially to alert drivers when an event occurs (accident, emergency braking, vehicle leaving a parking place and want to inform others, etc.). In their move vehicles are then « contaminated » by the information provided by others. In this work, we use the data substantially different from the existing work. These are, in fact, use the data exchanged to produce alerts drivers. Once these data are used, they become obsolete and are destroyed. In this work, we seek to generate dynamically from data collected by vehicles in their path, a summary (or aggregate) which provides information to drivers, including when no communicating vehicle is nearby. To do this, we first propose a spatio-temporal aggregation structure enabling a vehicle to summarize all the observed events. Next, we define a protocol for exchanging summaries between vehicles without the mediation of an infrastructure, allowing a vehicle to improve its local knowledge base by exchange with its neighbors. Finally, we define our operating strategies of the summary to assist the driver in making decision. We validated all of our proposals using the «VESPA» simulator by extending it to take into account the concept of summaries. Simulation results show that our approach can effectively help drivers make good decisions without the need to use a centralized infrastructure