This diploma thesis is analysis of routing protocols used in MANET networks focusing on protocols OLSR, AODV and HWMP. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the routing protokols, which are used in MANET networks and their applications to FANET networks. In practical part, there are describes of created mobility model in the NS-3, which are used for comparison routing protocols on the created scenarios of mobility according to the qualitative parameters of the networks.

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Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T13:20:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MauricioRabelloSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3313926 bytes, checksum: d44b18b0d82c7e9f5b8b79b80f69458e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-14T14:47:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MauricioRabelloSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3313926 bytes, checksum: d44b18b0d82c7e9f5b8b79b80f69458e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T14:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MauricioRabelloSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3313926 bytes, checksum: d44b18b0d82c7e9f5b8b79b80f69458e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Pesquisas relacionadas com sistemas utilizando diversos ve?culos a?reos n?o tripulados (multi VANTs) v?m crescendo nos ?ltimos anos. Entre os desafios enfrentados, uma rede de comunica??o de dados robusta ? crucial para coopera??o e colabora??o entre VANTs. No projeto da rede devem ser levados em conta fatores como o prop?sito da miss?o da esquadrilha, planejamento de caminho e trajet?ria, coleta de dados dos sensores e suprimento energ?tico. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho apresenta a especifica??o de uma arquitetura de rede de comunica??o de dados para uma esquadrilha de Ve?culos A?reos N?o Tripulados a serem utilizados na varredura da ?rea de impacto de foguetes lan?ados a partir do Centro de Lan?amento da Barreira do Inferno (CLBI ? Rio Grande do Norte). Assim, realiza-se um estudo sobre as principais caracter?sticas das redes de comunica??o para sistemas multi VANT e as especificidades da aplica??o abordada nesse projeto. S?o propostas duas estrat?gias diferentes para a varredura da ?rea de impacto de foguetes. S?o analisadas as caracter?sticas das redes para sistemas multi VANTs mais adequadas a essas estrat?gias, de forma a fazer uma an?lise comparativa entre as mesmas e definir uma arquitetura apropriada para a aplica??o. Dentro desse contexto, ? proposta uma arquitetura de rede, com base em m?dulos XBee Pro 900HP, integrados em uma plataforma de hardware controlada por computador embarcado, equipado com GPS e placa controladora de piloto autom?tico. ? idealizado e implementado um plano de testes com os dispositivos XBee para avaliar o desempenho destes na arquitetura de rede proposta em termos de robustez, confiabilidade e economia de energia. Para aferi??o do desempenho nos poss?veis cen?rios de forma??o da esquadrilha de VANTs s?o utilizados softwares de ger?ncia de rede, visando medir a largura de banda (throughput), perda de pacotes e outros indicadores de desempenho nos links de comunica??o entre os diferentes n?s da rede. / Research on Multi Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems (Multi-UAV) is growing in recent years. Among several scientific and technical challenges, a robust data communication network is crucial for the cooperation and collaboration between the UAVs. The network design must take into account factors such as the purpose of the mission, trajectory and path planning, sensor data collection and energy supply. In this way, the present work presents the specification of a data communication network architecture for a squadron of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to be used in the scanning of the rocket impact area for CLBI rocket launch center (Rio grande do Norte, Brazil). Thus, a study on the main characteristics of communication networks for multi-UAV systems and the specificities of the application addressed in this project is done. Two different strategies for the scanning of the rocket impact area are proposed. In order to do a comparative analysis between these strategies and to define an appropriate architecture for the application, the characteristics of the networks for multi-UAV systems that are more appropriate to them are analyzed. In this context, a network architecture based on Xbee Pro 900HP S3B modules, integrated in an embedded computer hardware platform, equipped with GPS and autopilot controller board is proposed. A test plan with Xbee devices is conceived and implemented in order to evaluate their performance in the proposed network architecture in terms of robustness, reliability and energy consumption. In order to measure performance in the possible UAV squad formation scenarios, a network management software is used to measure throughput, packet loss and other performance indicators in the communication links between the different nodes of the network.

With unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, becoming readily available and affordable, applications for these devices have grown immensely. One type of application is the use of drones to fly over large areas and detect desired entities. For example, a swarm of drones could detect marine creatures near the surface of the ocean and provide users the location and type of animal found. However, even with the reduction in cost of drone technology, such applications result costly due to the use of custom hardware with built-in advanced capabilities. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is to compile an easily customizable, low-cost drone design with the necessary hardware for autonomous behavior, swarm coordination, and on-board object detection capabilities. Additionally, this thesis outlines the necessary network architecture to handle the interconnection and bandwidth requirements of the drone swarm. The drone on-board system uses a PixHawk 4 flight controller to handle flight mechanics, a Raspberry Pi 4 as a companion computer for general-purpose computing power, and a NVIDIA Jetson Nano Developer Kit to perform object detection in real-time. The implemented network follows the 802.11s standard for multi-hop communications with the HWMP routing protocol. This topology allows drones to forward packets through the network, significantly extending the flight range of the swarm. Our experiments show that the selected hardware and implemented network can provide direct point-to-point communications at a range of up to 1000 feet, with extended range possible through message forwarding. The network also provides sufficient bandwidth for bandwidth intensive data such as live video streams. With an expected flight time of about 17 minutes, the proposed design offers a low-cost drone swarm solution for mid-range aerial surveillance applications.

Drones flying in squad formation while interconnected in an ad-hoc fashion are called Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs). These FANETs are gathering special interests in the networking community in their deployment for different vital missions. Such missions include rescue missions in case of disasters, monitoring and border control, animal monitoring, crowd monitoring and management, etc. The main problems researched with FANETs are typically inherited from what has been done for mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) earlier. One of the major problems is routing and forwarding gathered data towards the member(i.e., the drone) closest to the sink or the member that gateways to the Internet to reach the sink. Clustering the FANET nodes (i.e., the drones) is found to be a good solution for this problem. The preeminent contributions of this thesis include a novel grinding technique of the geolocation where FANET is deployed to perform certain tasks, a grid-based mobility model for UAVs, and extending the EMASS algorithm so that it can adapt to our proposed grid-based system. The result proves our mobility model’s superiority over one of the most used mobility models, Random walk.