Syfte och frågeställning Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur positiv feedback påverkar passningsspel inom fotboll. Frågeställningar: -          Ökar antalet passningar i en matchsituation om spelarna får positiv feedback i samband med passningar? -          Ökar antalet mål i samband med en ökning av passningar?   Metod Studien kommer vara av en kvantitativ ansats. Författaren kommer observera ett bestämt beteende som han sedan för ner till statistik. Passningsspelet samt antalet mål kommer att observeras.  Fyra lag med fem spelare i vardera lag kommer att observeras under åtta matcher för vardera lag, varav deltagarna i fyra matcher kommer erhålla positiv feedback för varje pass. Detta kommer vara en cross-over studie där två lag får positiv feedback för lyckad passning under tillfälle ett, medan de resterande två lagen får positiv feedback för lyckad passning under tillfälle två. Statistiken sammanfattas sedan ner i tabeller. Resultat Resultatet visade att positiv feedback vid passningar ledde till att medelvärdet för antal passningar per match ökade, samtidigt som antal mål blev högre. Slutsats Genom att studera resultatet kan man dra slutsatsen att positiv feedback förbättrar passningsspelet vilket i sin tur leder till fler mål under spelets gång. / Studiegång Idrott, fritidskultur och hälsa skolår 7-9 och gymnasieskolan. Ht 2011

In this thesis, we design and implement an On-Line assessment system. It is interoperable to every E-Learning platforms conformed to SCORM. In this On-Line assessment system, we provide seven kinds of test formats; it can dynamic adjust the pointer of difficulty; in the ¡§New Examination Paper¡¨ function, we increase module, it can lighten the load of teacher when they set the examination paper; When students on their examinations, every students will see different sequence of questions and items in questions.

In this thesis we proposed two new pixel circuits for organic light emission display. The first one is 5T1C circuit with two control signals. It can compensate threshold voltage variation and the drop of the power supply voltage that result in OLED current non-uniformity. We have demonstrates that the pixel circuit has high immunity to the threshold voltage variation. In addition, the circuit uses low supply voltage compared with the conventional 5T1C pixel circuit, so it is a low power driver circuit. The second one employs the voltage feedback method and uses the gain value of design circuit for compensating the threshold voltage shift of the driving TFT.To the aim is to reach that to the flow through current of the driving TFT have no relationship with the threshold voltage of TFT. Thus, the OLED can emission light with retaining uniformity light in each time. Because the proposed circuit configuration has low supply voltage and low select pulse voltage, the spike wave phenomenon can be improved and eliminated while the circuit switchs on and off. Due to the circuit supply voltage is decreased, it power consumption reduce significantly and the capacitor charging time is less than 70 £gs. Thus, in this thesis, the two proposed pixel circuits are both of low voltage and low power. The two pixel circuits designed have been fabricated by TSMC 0.35£gm 2P4M CMOS technology with 3.3v power supply. The 5TIC chip area is 1031.8 ¡Ñ 1083.7£gm2 and the measured result shows that when the select pulse is 0~10V, the input voltage is 10V, the select pulse2 is 0~8V and the Vdata¡@voltage range is 0~5V, the OLED current is correspond to 0~20.6£gA and the maximum power consumption is 17£gw. The chip area of the voltage feedback circuit is 1083.38 ¡Ñ 1149.8£gm2 and the measured result shows that when the select pulse is 0~10V, the input voltage is 10V and the feedback resistor is 50£[, the power consumption is 72£gw and the charging time is 51.7£gs.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-130).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 116 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-69).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-243).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 14, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 43).

Although the most prominent view in psychological theory has been that negative feedback should generally have a detrimental impact on motivation, competing perspectives and caveats on this prominent view have suggested that negative feedback may sometimes have neutral or even positive effects on motivation. A meta-analysis of 79 studies examined the effect of negative feedback on motivation and related outcomes with both child and adult samples. Results indicated that negative feedback compared to positive feedback decreased intrinsic motivation and perceived competence. This effect is much smaller when compared to neutral or no feedback. Moderator tests revealed that the effect of negative feedback seems to be less demotivating when a) the feedback statement includes instructional details to improve, b) compared to objective versus normative standards, and c) the task is interesting. Implications for future research and applications to real-world settings are discussed. / text

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