Les anticorps (Ac) marqués à l'aide de phthalocyanines (Pc) ont un grand potentiel d'applications pour des essais d'immunofluorescence tout comme pour la thérapie photodynamique (PDT). La PDT est une forme relativement nouvelle de traitement du cancer ou d'autres maladies bénignes tel le psoriasis. Cette technique implique l'administration et l'activation par la lumière d'un photosensibilisateur localisé préférentiellement au niveau des cellules cancéreuses ou en croissance intense. La plupart des photosensibilisateurs utilisés pour la PDT sont de type porphyrine tels les Pcs. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons différentes phthalocyanines hautement solubles dans l'eau. Notre étude est basée sur l'utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux comme vecteur des Pcs et comporte deux volets distincts. Tout d'abord l'utilisation des Pcs comme fluorochrome et finalement l'utilisation des complexes OKT3-AlPcS[indice inférieur 3]A[indice inférieur 1] dans l'amélioration de la PDT. Les Pcs sont liés de façon covalente aux Ac monoclonaux via une chaîne carboxy activée du Pc par la méthode de carbodiimide/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide. Le complexe OKT3-AlPcS[indice inférieur 3]A[indice inférieur 1] lié à l'antigène de la surface cellulaire des cellules Jurkat CD3+ est visualisé par un trieur en cryométrie de flux (FACSCAN) et la phototoxicité in vitro est déterminée par un essai colorimétrique (test MTT). Nous avons donc produit un Ac de très bonne pureté et confirmé par cryométrie de flux la conservation de l'activité et de la spécificité de la liaison de l'Ac pour le récepteur après liaison covalente avec le Pc. Nous sommes ainsi les premiers à proposer l'utilisation des Pcs comme fluorochrome. Nous avons de plus vérifié la cytotoxicité médiée par le complexe qui s'est avérée non spécifique au clone cellulaire exprimant le récepteur CD3 reconnu par l'Ac. Nous proposons deux mécanismes de liaison du complexe OKT3-AlPcS[indice inférieur 3]A[indice inférieur 1] au niveau des cellules."--Résumé abrégé par UMI.

A gradient-independent model of gas fluxes was formulated and tested. The model is built on the relationship between gas flux and the time history of surface gas concentration, known as half-order derivative (HOD), when the transport of the gas in the boundary layer is described by a diffusion equation. The eddy-diffusivity of gas is parameterized based on the similarity theory of boundary layer turbulence combined with the MEP model of surface heat fluxes. Test of the new model using in-situ data of CO2 concentration and fluxes at several locations with diverse vegetation cover, geographic and climatic conditions confirms its usefulness and potential for monitoring and modeling greenhouse gases. The proposed model may also be used for estimating other GHGS fluxes such as methane (CH4) and Water vapor flux. This proof-of-concept study justifies the proposed model as a practical solution for monitoring and modeling global GHGS budget over remote areas and oceans where ground observations of GHGS fluxes are limited or non-existent. One focus of the on-going research is to investigate its application to producing regional and global distributions of carbon fluxes for identifying sinks and sources of carbon and re-evaluating the regional and global carbon budget at monthly and annual time scales.

The goal of this study is to develop a gradient-independent method for modeling surface gas flux using surface gas concentration data. The proposed method is built on the relationship between gas flux and the time history of surface gas concentration, known as half-order derivative (HOD), when the transport of gas in the boundary layer is described by a diffusion equation. The new model is tested using in-situ data of CO2 concentration time series at half hour (or hour) intervals from Ameriflux Network at several locations in US, Canada, Mexico and Brazil to estimate CO2 fluxes. In this research the estimated CO2 flux using HOD method are compared with observed CO2 fluxes from four study sites out of 160+ sites with diverse vegetation cover, geographic and climatic conditions to test the generality of model within reasonable endeavor. The sites are Cedar Bridge National Forest, New Jersey, Delta Junction 1920 Control, Alaska, Lucky Hills Shrub land, Arizona, and LBA Tapajos Mature Forest, Brazil. The modeled CO2 flux demonstrates close agreement with field observations confirming the usefulness and potential of HOD model for estimating CO2 gas fluxes.

This study investigates the effects of fire on the chemistry and flux of precipitation diverted to the forest floor as stemflow and throughfall by observing the impact of the June 2013 Thompson Ridge Wildfire in the Jemez River Basin of New Mexico. The loss of canopy cover from wildfire drastically modifies landscapes and alters ecosystems as fire replaces leafy canopies with charred branches and trunks, changes soil composition and erosion processes, and affects hydrologic flow paths and water chemistry. In order to track these changes, throughfall and stemflow collectors were installed beneath burned and unburned canopies in two catchments impacted by the Thompson Ridge Fire. Throughfall, stemflow, and open precipitation samples were analyzed for major cations, anions, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, trace metals, and rare earth elements to determine how fire affects the chemical composition of the precipitation that interacts with burned canopies. Precipitation samples collected from both burned and unburned sites during the 2014 summer monsoon season show variations across burn severity, specifically in calcium, strontium, phosphate, and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations, and across collector type with stemflow concentrations generally higher than throughfall and open precipitation concentrations. A stem count model was used to determine tree density for individual plots and catchments from LiDAR images taken before the 2013 fire. The stem count model was used to upscale event and monsoon season solute fluxes from plot to catchment scale. Higher nutrient concentrations combined with higher volumes of precipitation diverted as stemflow in burned forests have a multiplicative effect resulting in greater nutrient fluxes via stemflow creating nutrient hot spots surrounding burned tree trunks. Upscaling these plot scale concentrations and solute fluxes allows this study to represent changes to an entire catchment and quantify effects of wildfire on chemical loads and water chemistry.

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