A complexidade da economia mundial, cenário de crise interna e concorrência global, forçaram as organizações a buscarem novos métodos de gestão para superarem seus concorrentes. Este estudo teve como foco a indústria da comunicação, que vem sendo exposta a mudanças radicais nos últimos anos. Reter clientes, buscar novas fontes de receita, manter a relevância frente ao público consumidor que tem a cada dia mais opções de consumo deste produto, busca de profissionais mais preparados, diversidade de gerações. Todos estes desafios têm levado as empresas a implementarem processos de formalizações organizacionais e de trabalho para o enfrentamento destas mudanças e a perpetuação dos negócios. É neste contexto que o objetivo geral desta dissertação foi o de identificar quais os efeitos da formalização organizacional e de trabalho no desempenho das equipes comerciais. Para atingir esse objetivo, o método utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, além de pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 36 gestores de equipes comerciais dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. Constatou-se que a formalizaçāo organizacional e de trabalho, desde que estruturada de forma que nāo afete o empoderamento das equipes, produz efeitos benéficos para as empresas. / The complexity of the world economy, domestic economic crisis and global competition have forced organizations to find new management methods to outperform their competitors. This study focused on the communication industry, which has been exposed to radical changes in recent years. Retain customers, find new sources of revenue, maintain relevance to the consumer audience that has more and more choices of consumption of this product, search for more prepared professionals, diversity of generations. All these challenges have led companies to implement processes of organizational and work formalization to face these changes and the perpetuation of business, are. It is in this context that the general objective of this dissertation was to identify the effects of organizational and work formalization on the performance of commercial teams? To reach this objective, the method used was exploratory qualitative research, in addition to bibliographical research, interviews were conducted with 36 managers of commercial teams from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. It was found that organizational formalization and work, provided that well structured, not affecting the empowerment of teams, have beneficial effects for companies.

A complexidade da economia mundial, cenário de crise interna e concorrência global, forçaram as organizações a buscarem novos métodos de gestão para superarem seus concorrentes. Este estudo teve como foco a indústria da comunicação, que vem sendo exposta a mudanças radicais nos últimos anos. Reter clientes, buscar novas fontes de receita, manter a relevância frente ao público consumidor que tem a cada dia mais opções de consumo deste produto, busca de profissionais mais preparados, diversidade de gerações. Todos estes desafios têm levado as empresas a implementarem processos de formalizações organizacionais e de trabalho para o enfrentamento destas mudanças e a perpetuação dos negócios. É neste contexto que o objetivo geral desta dissertação foi o de identificar quais os efeitos da formalização organizacional e de trabalho no desempenho das equipes comerciais. Para atingir esse objetivo, o método utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, além de pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 36 gestores de equipes comerciais dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. Constatou-se que a formalizaçāo organizacional e de trabalho, desde que estruturada de forma que nāo afete o empoderamento das equipes, produz efeitos benéficos para as empresas. / The complexity of the world economy, domestic economic crisis and global competition have forced organizations to find new management methods to outperform their competitors. This study focused on the communication industry, which has been exposed to radical changes in recent years. Retain customers, find new sources of revenue, maintain relevance to the consumer audience that has more and more choices of consumption of this product, search for more prepared professionals, diversity of generations. All these challenges have led companies to implement processes of organizational and work formalization to face these changes and the perpetuation of business, are. It is in this context that the general objective of this dissertation was to identify the effects of organizational and work formalization on the performance of commercial teams? To reach this objective, the method used was exploratory qualitative research, in addition to bibliographical research, interviews were conducted with 36 managers of commercial teams from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. It was found that organizational formalization and work, provided that well structured, not affecting the empowerment of teams, have beneficial effects for companies.

A complexidade da economia mundial, cenário de crise interna e concorrência global, forçaram as organizações a buscarem novos métodos de gestão para superarem seus concorrentes. Este estudo teve como foco a indústria da comunicação, que vem sendo exposta a mudanças radicais nos últimos anos. Reter clientes, buscar novas fontes de receita, manter a relevância frente ao público consumidor que tem a cada dia mais opções de consumo deste produto, busca de profissionais mais preparados, diversidade de gerações. Todos estes desafios têm levado as empresas a implementarem processos de formalizações organizacionais e de trabalho para o enfrentamento destas mudanças e a perpetuação dos negócios. É neste contexto que o objetivo geral desta dissertação foi o de identificar quais os efeitos da formalização organizacional e de trabalho no desempenho das equipes comerciais. Para atingir esse objetivo, o método utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, além de pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 36 gestores de equipes comerciais dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. Constatou-se que a formalizaçāo organizacional e de trabalho, desde que estruturada de forma que nāo afete o empoderamento das equipes, produz efeitos benéficos para as empresas. / The complexity of the world economy, domestic economic crisis and global competition have forced organizations to find new management methods to outperform their competitors. This study focused on the communication industry, which has been exposed to radical changes in recent years. Retain customers, find new sources of revenue, maintain relevance to the consumer audience that has more and more choices of consumption of this product, search for more prepared professionals, diversity of generations. All these challenges have led companies to implement processes of organizational and work formalization to face these changes and the perpetuation of business, are. It is in this context that the general objective of this dissertation was to identify the effects of organizational and work formalization on the performance of commercial teams? To reach this objective, the method used was exploratory qualitative research, in addition to bibliographical research, interviews were conducted with 36 managers of commercial teams from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. It was found that organizational formalization and work, provided that well structured, not affecting the empowerment of teams, have beneficial effects for companies.

In 2011 author Robert Neuwirth identified the global informal sector economy as having a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that is equivalent to the second largest economy in the world behind the United States of America (USA).Studies have shown that the informal sector economy is prevalent in Africa and India which are both considered to be emerging market economies with potential for exponential growth. The GDP of a country is calculated using a total of a countries production of goods and services; however production in the informal sector economy is unaccounted for. The inclusion of their production could potentially boost the economic growth of these emerging market economies.This study aims to observe whether the informal sector economy should be formalized or left as it is in its current state. Despite the ‘problem statement’ in the previous paragraph, which appears to be in favour of formalization, there are advantages and disadvantages for both formalizing the informal sector economy and leaving it in its current state.The objective of this study is to come up with a sustainable strategy of how to manage and administer the informal sector economy as in its current state it is proving to be unsustainable.A two phased approach was used to produce the findings which included interviews with experts and interviews with entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector economy.These findings provided suitable recommendations to be made as to how to manage and administer the informal sector economy. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

<p>The purpose of the study is to  examine women and men’s perspective on the informal and traditional way for women to organize themselves in relation to formalization. To meet the aims of the thesis qualitative studies through interviews concerning a <em>protest march</em> that took place in 2003 Dareda village were performed, and a literature study to supplement the empirical data. Thereafter the purpose was analyzed through both feminist theory and empowerment theory. A majority of both the men and the women were positive opinions towards the traditional way for women to be organized. This might go against the feminist theory and verify that only negative statements are brought up within the feminist discourse. Through this tradition women collectively claim specific rights, because they are more powerful together then individually, but also under the banner of motherhood or as women. In relation to the process of development the women are being hindered from protesting more frequently and urged to act within the formal framework. Their major obstacles with the formalization concerns to the judicial system and some of them claim that corruption will prevent justice for them as women.</p><p> </p>

The purpose of the study is to  examine women and men’s perspective on the informal and traditional way for women to organize themselves in relation to formalization. To meet the aims of the thesis qualitative studies through interviews concerning a protest march that took place in 2003 Dareda village were performed, and a literature study to supplement the empirical data. Thereafter the purpose was analyzed through both feminist theory and empowerment theory. A majority of both the men and the women were positive opinions towards the traditional way for women to be organized. This might go against the feminist theory and verify that only negative statements are brought up within the feminist discourse. Through this tradition women collectively claim specific rights, because they are more powerful together then individually, but also under the banner of motherhood or as women. In relation to the process of development the women are being hindered from protesting more frequently and urged to act within the formal framework. Their major obstacles with the formalization concerns to the judicial system and some of them claim that corruption will prevent justice for them as women.

The main purpose of this research, which are based on Ferris, Adams, Kolodinsky, Hochwarter, & Ammeter, (2002). revised model, is to explore the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and the member of position, the member of tenure, the formalization, and the centralization. There are 2133 questionnaires provided from public and private hospitals, public and private schools, government agencies, public and private service industries, manufacturing, private financial institution, the high-tech industries and traditional industries. Questionnaires¡¦ response rate are 91.0%. Available response rate are 88.6%. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation, and hierarchical linear model. The major results of this study are as following: 1. The member of position has a significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 2. The member of tenure has no effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 3. Formalization has no effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 4. Centralization has a significant effect on perceptions of organizational politics. 5. Formalization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of position and perceptions of organizational politics. 6. Formalization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of tenure and perceptions of organizational politics. 7. Centralization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of position and perceptions of organizational politics. 8. Centralization has no moderate effect on the relationship between the member of tenure and perceptions of organizational politics.

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The Web has become an open decentralized global information / knowledge repository, a platform for distributed computing and global electronic markets, where people are confronted with information of unknown sources, and need to interact with “strangers”. This makes trust and the validity of information in cyberspace arise as crucial issues. This thesis proposes knowledge provenance (KP) as a formal approach to determining the origin and validity of information / knowledge on the Web, by means of modeling and maintaining the information sources, information dependencies, and trust structures. We conceptualize and axiomatize KP ontology including static KP and dynamic KP. The proposed KP ontology, provides a formal representation of linking trust in information creators and belief in the information created; lays a foundation for further study of knowledge provenance; provides logical systems for provenance reasoning by machines. The web ontology of KP can be used to annotate web information; and KP reasoner can be used as a tool to trace the origin and to determine the validity of Web information. Since knowledge provenance is based on trust in information sources, this thesis also proposes a logical theory of trust in epistemic logic and situation calculus. In particular, we formally define the semantics of trust; from it, we identify two types of trust: trust in belief and trust in performance; reveal and prove that trust in belief is transitive; trust in performance is not, but by trust in belief, trust in performance can propagate in social networks; by using situation calculus in trust formalization, the context of trust is formally represented by reified fluents; we also propose a distributed logical model for trust reasoning using social networks, by which each agent’s private data about trust relationships can be protected. This study provides a formal theoretical analysis on the transitivity of trust, which supports trust propagation in social networks. This study of trust supports not only knowledge provenance but also the general trust modeling in cyberspace.

The Web has become an open decentralized global information / knowledge repository, a platform for distributed computing and global electronic markets, where people are confronted with information of unknown sources, and need to interact with “strangers”. This makes trust and the validity of information in cyberspace arise as crucial issues. This thesis proposes knowledge provenance (KP) as a formal approach to determining the origin and validity of information / knowledge on the Web, by means of modeling and maintaining the information sources, information dependencies, and trust structures. We conceptualize and axiomatize KP ontology including static KP and dynamic KP. The proposed KP ontology, provides a formal representation of linking trust in information creators and belief in the information created; lays a foundation for further study of knowledge provenance; provides logical systems for provenance reasoning by machines. The web ontology of KP can be used to annotate web information; and KP reasoner can be used as a tool to trace the origin and to determine the validity of Web information. Since knowledge provenance is based on trust in information sources, this thesis also proposes a logical theory of trust in epistemic logic and situation calculus. In particular, we formally define the semantics of trust; from it, we identify two types of trust: trust in belief and trust in performance; reveal and prove that trust in belief is transitive; trust in performance is not, but by trust in belief, trust in performance can propagate in social networks; by using situation calculus in trust formalization, the context of trust is formally represented by reified fluents; we also propose a distributed logical model for trust reasoning using social networks, by which each agent’s private data about trust relationships can be protected. This study provides a formal theoretical analysis on the transitivity of trust, which supports trust propagation in social networks. This study of trust supports not only knowledge provenance but also the general trust modeling in cyberspace.