ARARUNA, Sandra Miranda. Desenvolvimento e padronização (CLAE-DAD) e avaliação pré-clínica do extrato seco por spray dryer de Amburana cearensis A. C. Smith (CUMARU). 2008. 125 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Fortaleza, 2008. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2013-01-04T15:59:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_smararuna.pdf: 3403367 bytes, checksum: 8bcf5ac66a940929e8b426a4ede7c104 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Fernandes(erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2013-01-23T11:37:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_smararuna.pdf: 3403367 bytes, checksum: 8bcf5ac66a940929e8b426a4ede7c104 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-23T11:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_smararuna.pdf: 3403367 bytes, checksum: 8bcf5ac66a940929e8b426a4ede7c104 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / In recent decades the production of phytotherapy has explored new technological possibilities as the production of standardized extracts dried. This stems from the advantages offered these products for solutions extrativas. The bark of the stem of Amburana cearensis (cumaru, Fabaceae) is a tree widely used in home practice of medicine popular northeastern indicated for the treatment of asthma. The plant has been used as feedstock in the production of active syrup cumaru by Public Programs of Phytotherapy and pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study was the development and control of the steps involved in the production of dry extract standardized Amburana cearensis and investigate its pre-clinical toxicity. For both, was selected developed the method of drying of the (drug plant) monitored by the determination of parameters such as moisture content and labels (coumarin and amburosídio A) determined by HPLC-DAD. In developing the method extractive, shape investigated the influence of some variables on the process (of maceration time / percolation, and volume of extraction% ethanol in water). The content of labels (response) was used as a criterion for evaluation. The statistical analysis, including analysis of the surface of the response showed that the extent that the content of ethanol (20, 60 and 100% in water) increases, increases the level of markers in the extracts, while the time showed a subtle influence in the process. The volume of extraction had an effect opposite to that observed for the content of ethanol. Thus, the method selected extractive obtained by macerating / percolation at room temperature understood: extractor solution: Ethanol 100%; volume of extraction: 200 mL and time of extraction: 24h). The best conditions for drying the extrtao of cumaru were the temperature of entry of 95 ° C and 25% of silicon dioxide, resulting in a yield of 40%. The toxicological evaluation preliminary pre-clinical in vivo - hipocrático test showed that the dry extract standardized cumaru (Coumarin: 123.0 ± 0.08 mg / g extract; amburosídio A: 496.8 ± 0.29 mg / g) has a low toxicity, but showed a cytotoxicity at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 μ g / ml in human neutrophil measured by the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The results of this study enabled the development of production methods, and analytical parameters that can be applied from the quality control of drugs to plant products such as dried extract of A. cearenis. Moreover, the toxicological evaluation pre-clinical allowed a preliminary overview of the degree of pre-clinical safety of the product. / Nas últimas décadas a produção de fitoterápicos tem explorado novas possibilidades tecnológicas como a produção de extratos secos padronizados. Isso decorre das vantagens apresentadas desses produtos em relação às soluções extrativas. A casca do caule de Amburana cearensis (cumaru, Fabaceae) é uma árvore amplamente utilizada nas práticas caseiras da medicina popular nordestina indicado no tratamento da asma. A planta tem sido utilizada como matéria-prima ativa na produção do xarope de cumaru por Programas Públicos de Fitoterapia e indústria Farmacêutica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar o desenvolvimento e controle das etapas inerentes à produção do extrato seco padronizado de Amburana cearensis, bem como investigar seus efeitos tóxicos pré-clínicos. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido selecionado o método de secagem da planta (droga vegetal) monitorado pela determinação de parâmetros, como teor de umidade e de marcadores (cumarina e amburosídio A) determinados por CLAE-DAD. No desenvolvimento do método extrativo, forma investigadas a influência de algumas variáveis sobre o processo (tempo de maceração/percolação, volume de extração e % de etanol em água). O teor de marcadores (resposta) foi usado como critério de avaliação. A análise estatística, incluindo análise de superfície da resposta mostrou que a medida que o teor de etanol (20, 60 e 100% em água) aumenta, aumenta o teor de marcadores nos extratos, enquanto o tempo mostrou uma influência sutil no processo. O volume de extração apresentou um efeito inverso ao observado para o teor de etanol. Assim, o método extrativo selecionado obtido por maceração/percolação a temperatura ambiente compreendeu: solução extratora: Etanol a 100%; volume de extração: 200 mL e tempo de extração: 24h). As melhores condições de secagem do extrato de cumaru foram a temperatura de entrada de 95°C e 25 % de dióxido de silício, resultando num rendimento de 40 %. A avaliação toxicológica pré-clínica preliminar in vivo – teste hipocrático, mostrou que o extrato seco padronizado de cumaru (Cumarina: 123,0 ± 0,08 mg/g extrato; amburosídio A: 496,8 ± 0,29 mg/g) possui uma baixa toxicidade, porém mostrou uma citotoxicidade nas concentrações de 50, 100 e 200 µg/mL em neutrófilo humano mensurada através da atividade da enzima lactato desidrogenase. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo permitiram o desenvolvimento de métodos de produção, além de parâmetros analíticos que podem ser aplicados desde no controle de qualidade da droga vegetal à produtos derivados como o extrato seco de A. cearensis. Além disso, a avaliação toxicológica pré-clínica permitiu uma visão preliminar do grau de segurança pré-clínica do produto.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundo de Auxílio aos Docentes e Alunos (FADA) / Sementes de Caesalpinia echinata contem grande quantidade de proteinas incluindo enzimas e inibidores; mas, ate o momento pouco se sabia da composicao e atividade de peptidases nessas sementes. Nosso grupo ja purificou e caracterizou inibidores de calicreina plasmatica humana (CeKI), elastase (CeEI) e catepsina B (CeCBI) presentes nas sementes de Caesalpinia echinata. Depois dos inibidores, nos interessamos em estudar as peptidases. As proteinas das sementes foram extraidas em tampao Tris 0,02 M pH 7,5. A peptidase foi purificada do extrato por cromatografias de troca ionica, filtracao em gel e interacao hidrofobica. Alguns substratos cromogenicos foram testados e essa enzima apresentou alta atividade na hidrolise de H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNan (Km = 55,7 μM, Vmax = 0,319 μmol min-1 mg proteina-1) e Bz- Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNan (Km = 297 μM, Vmax = 0,544 μmol min-1 mg proteina-1). A enzima foi inativada por inibidores de serino-endopeptidases do tipo da tripsina (TLCK e benzamidina), mas nao por inibidores de cisteino (E64), metalo (EDTA) e aspartilendopeptidases (pepstatina A). A peptidase apresentou pH otimo entre 7,1 e 9,2, e se manteve estavel entre 30 e 45oC, por 30 min, perdendo totalmente a atividade acima de 55oC. As caracteristicas da enzima purificada permitem a classifica-la como uma serino-endopeptidase / Some proteases found in different longevity stages of the leguminous seeds play an important role on their viability. Caesalpinia echinata seeds contain high amounts of proteins, including enzymes and their inhibitors. When stored in laboratory environmental for one month or at 4ºC for 18 months, these seeds lose their viability. We had already identified kallikrein (CeKI) and elastase (CeEI) inhibitors on stored and freshly harvested C. echinata seeds. Now, we are interested in studying different proteolytic activities in these seeds, in several longevity stages, and purifying and characterizing one of them. Proteins from green seeds, freshly harvested or 18-months-stored were extracted on 20 mM Tris buffer pH 7.5. The best amydolytic activity was found in the older seeds.The peptidase was purified from the extracts by ion exchange, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. Several chromogenic substrates were tested and this protein, presented high enzyme activity on the hydrolysis of Bz-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNan (Km=0.268 mM, Vmax=0.334 nmol/min). The enzyme was inactivated by serine peptidase inhibitors (AEBSF, SBTI and CeKI), but not by cystein (E-64) and metallo peptidase (EDTA) nor by elastase (CeEI) inhibitors. The characteristics of the enzyme allowed us to classify it is as serine protease. / CAPES: 11/06 / FAPESP: 04/11015-0 / FAPESP: 07/55496-0 / CNPq: 304923/2006-0 / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

CAVALCANTI, Bruno Coêlho. Avaliação do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico do ácido caurenóico, um diterpeno isolado da planta Copaifera Langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminosae). 2006. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2006 . / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2012-03-07T11:53:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_bccavalcanti.pdf: 937561 bytes, checksum: e25ee45b8ee8ce28a812826b3db385bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Nascimento(elienegvn@hotmail.com) on 2012-03-08T11:26:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_bccavalcanti.pdf: 937561 bytes, checksum: e25ee45b8ee8ce28a812826b3db385bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-08T11:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_bccavalcanti.pdf: 937561 bytes, checksum: e25ee45b8ee8ce28a812826b3db385bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Kaurenoic acid (KA) is a diterpene presents in the oil-resin (copaiba oil) from plants belongs to Copaifera spp. As copaiba oil, KA also displayed a great variability of medicinal applications. In the present study, the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of KA from Copaifera langsdorffii on human lymphocytes, human leukemia cells (HL60) and bone marrow cells was evaluated. KA did not show selective action between lymphocytes and leukemia cells, has been induced apoptosis and DNA damage at same magnitude as valuated by bromide etidium/orange acridine and comet assay. Due to this observation, lymphocytes were selected for further experiments. According with comet assay results, more than 80% of lymphocytes DNA damage was repaired after 48 hours post-treatment. Lymphocytes treated with KA (30 and 60µg/mL) showed increases on micronucleus frequencies in relation to negative control group. On the chromosome aberration test, lymphocytes treated at phse G1 and transition phase G1/S showed great sensibility (cytotoxicity and chromosomes aberrations) in comparison to cells treated at another phases of cell cycle. After treatment, any increase of polyploidy cells number was noted. Mices were treated with KA (25, 50 and 100mg/kg), and after 24 and 48 hours, they were sacrificed afterwards with the medulla extraction. This material was submitted to chromosomal damage observations (microniclei) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE). A great occurrence of micronucleated PCE was noted only at animals groups sacrificed 24 hours after treatment. The rate between PCE and NCE (normochromatic erythrocytes) was lower for animals sacrificed later. These observations indicating toxicity effects on the bone marrow cells. The mutagenic assay with yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae showed that the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of KA were more pronounced during exponential growth phase, when the access to DNA is facilitated. KA induced locus and frameshift mutations. Frameshift mutations induced by DNA-intercalanting drugs have been correlated with DNA strand breaks induced by inhibition of DNA topoisomerases. On the DNA relaxation assay, KA inhibited the action of topoisomerase I. This inhibition effect seens to be related to the intercalanting ability of kaurenoic acid between DNA bases of pair. Thus, DNA strand breaks, the occurrence of micronucleated cells and frameshift mutations could be explained by the intercalanting action of kaurenoic acid. And the absence of polyploidy cells suggests that kaurenoic acid did not interfere on mitotic apparatus of cell. In conclusion, kaurenoic acid showed genotoxic and mutagenic effects on all the assays used. / O ácido caurenóico (AC) é um diterpeno presente no óleo resinoso de espécies de Copaifera. Assim como o óleo resinoso, o AC também apresenta uma ampla variabilidade de aplicações medicinais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial genotóxico e mutagênico do AC isolado da planta Copaifera langsdorffii em linfócitos, células leucêmicas HL60 e em células da medula óssea de camundongos. O AC não mostrou seletividade entre linfócitos e HL60 tendo induzido apotose e danos ao DNA na mesma intensidade, avaliados pela coloração diferencial por brometo de etídio/acridina laranja e pelo teste do cometa, respectivamente. De acordo com o teste do cometa, mais de 80% dos danos induzidos ao DNA de linfócitos foi reparada 48 horas após o tratamento. Linfócitos tratados com AC apresentaram aumento, siginificativo, na freqüência de micronúcleos e maior sensibilidade (citotoxicidade e aberrações cromossômicas) nas fases G1 e G1/S do ciclo celular, sem induzir aumento no número de células poliplóides. Camundongos foram tratados com AC nas doses de 25, 50 e 100mg/kg e após 24 e 48 horas sacrificados, sendo, posteriormente, extraída a medula óssea, e o material submetido às observações de perdas cromossômicas (micronúcleos) em eritrócitos policromáticos. Uma maior incidência de micronúcleos ocorreu no grupo de animais sacrificados 24 horas após o tratamento. A avaliação da razão entre eritrócitos policromáticos e normocromáticos, foi menor para os animais sacrificados 48 horas após o tratamento, indicando toxicidade em células da medula. Nos ensaios de mutagênese com a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisea, o efeito citotóxico e mutagênico do AC foi mais acentuado durante o crescimento exponencial da levedura, no qual o DNA está mais acessível ao composto. O AC induziu mutações lócus específicas e de deslocamento do quadro de leitura. Mutações do tipo deslocamento do quadro de leitura tendem a serem induzidas por agentes intercalantes de DNA e têm sido correlacionadas com as quebras de fitas de cadeia de DNA induzidas pela inibição da ação de topoisomerase. No teste de relaxamento do DNA, o AC inibiu a ação da topoisomerase I. A inibição da ação da topoisomerase I parece estar relacionada à intercalação do AC no DNA. Assim, as quebras de fitas no DNA e indução de micronúcleos e mutações de deslocamento do quadro de leitura, podem estar relacionadas à ação intercalante do ácido caurenóico. A ausência de células poliplóides sugere que o ácido caurenóico não interfere no aparelho mitótico da célula. Em conclusão, o ácido caurenóico apresenta potencial genotóxico e mutagênico nos modelos estudados.

PAIVA, Laura Andrea Farias. Estudo do potencial antiinflamatório do óleo-resina da Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (COPAÍBA) e de seu constituinte diterpênico Ácido Kaurenóico nos modelos experimentais de inflamação intestinal. 2004. 202 f. Tese (Doutorado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2004. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2012-06-14T11:56:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_tese_lafpaiva.pdf: 2348250 bytes, checksum: fe3f94a3bbed2be7d73c96480790fec4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Nascimento(elienegvn@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-14T12:52:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_tese_lafpaiva.pdf: 2348250 bytes, checksum: fe3f94a3bbed2be7d73c96480790fec4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-14T12:52:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_tese_lafpaiva.pdf: 2348250 bytes, checksum: fe3f94a3bbed2be7d73c96480790fec4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Copaiba oil-resin from Copaifera langsdorffii (Leguminaceae) is a reputed traditional remedy for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and to promote healing of ulcers and wounds. Previous studies established its anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties through animal experimentation. The present study extended these earlier studies to analyse the intestinal anti-inflammatory potential of oil-resin Copaifera langsdorffii (ORCL) and its diterpene constituent, kaurenoic acid (KA) in rat models of ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid (AA-UC), and trinitribenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS-UC), and in indomethacin -and ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal inflammation (IND-II and I/R-II). Further, its wound healing potential was evaluated in rats on open and incision wounds. Rats were pretreated orally (15 hrs and 2 hrs before) or rectally 2 hrs before the induction of colitis with ORCL (200 and 400 mg/kg), KA (50 and 100 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 ml, 2% Tween 80 or 1 ml, 2% DMSO). Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of a 2 ml of 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution or TNBS (0.25 ml of 20 mg) and 24 hrs or 72 hrs latter, the colonic mucosa was analysed for the severity of macroscopic colonic damage, the myeloperoxidase and the malondialdehyde levels. In AA-UC model, a marked reduction in Gross damage score and in wet weight/length ratio of colonic tissue were evident in animals pretreated orally or rectally with test substances, as compared to vehicle alone-treated controls. This effect was confirmed biochemically by a significant reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the marker of neutrophilic infiltration and by a marked decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, an indicator of lipoperoxidation. Besides, AA elevated increase in the levels of nitrite and catalase activity in colon tissue was also significantly decreased by ORCL treatment. Furthermore, microscopical examination revealed the diminution of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the submucosal edema in colon segments of rats pretreated with ORCL or KA. In a similar manner, in TNBS-UC, a marked reduction in Gross damage score and in wet weight/length ratio of colonic tissue was evident by ORCL pretreatment (400 mg/kg, p.o. or intra-rectal) at 2, 24 and 48 hrs after intracolonic injection of TNBS. MPO activity but not the MDA and catalase levels were significantly affected by ORCL treatment. Histological observations also indicated only a partial protection by ORCL, suggesting that TNBS-UC being a chronic model, a more prolonged therapy may be needed. In the model of I/R-II, five forty minute of ischemia followed by one hour reperfusion of superior mesenteric artery caused significant elevations of MPO, catalase, MDA and nitrite levels with a significant decrease in non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH/ GSH) indicating an oxidative stress. These changes were significantly reversed by oral pretreatment with ORCL (200 and 400 mg/kg), suggesting that ORCL obliterates oxidative stress. Pretreatment of animals with ORCL (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or KA (100 mg/kg, p.o.), 12 and 2 hrs before the administration of 20 mg/kg indomethacin mitigated the intestinal toxicity as evidenced by decreases in tissue levels of MPO and nitrite. Unlike indomethacin, ORCL but not KA at either dose failed to induce a significant increase in intestinal permeability. This effect of ORCL simulated that of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib. These observations suggest that ORCL is devoid of intestinal toxicity unlike the classical non-selective COX inhibitors. Also, ORCL promoted wound healing in rats on experimental open or incision wounds as evidenced by an early wound contraction and increased wound tensile strength. The data indicate a significant anti-inflammatory potential of copaiba oil-resin and its diterpenoid, kaurenoic acid possibly mediated through an antioxidant/anti-lipoperoxidative mechanism(s). / O óleo-resina da Copaifera langsdorffii (Leguminaceae) é utilizado popularmente no tratamento de processos inflamatórios e na cicatrização de feridas e úlceras. Estudos prévios estabeleceram as propriedades gastroprotetora e antiinflamatória em modelos animais. O presente estudo avaliou o potencial antiinflamatório do óleo-resina da Copaifera langsdorffii (ORCL) e de seu constituinte diterpênico, ácido kaurenóico (AK) nos modelos experimentais de colite induzida por ácido acético (UC-AA), por ácido trinitrobenzênico sulfônico (UC-TNBS), e ainda, indometacina e isquemia-reperfusão induzindo inflamação intestinal (II-IND e II-I/R). E também, o potencial de cicatrização de feridas foi avaliado em ratos com feridas abertas e com incisão. Ratos foram pré-tratados via oral (15 e 2 horas antes) ou retal 2 horas após a indução da colite, com ORCL (200 e 400mg/Kg), AK (50 e 100mg/Kg) ou veículo (1mL, 2% Tween 80 ou 1mL, 2% DMSO). A colite foi induzida pela aplicação de 2mL de ácido acético 4% (v/v) ou TNBS (0,25 mL com 20mg) e 24 ou 72 horas depois, os danos na mucosa do cólon foram avaliados, medidos os níveis de mieloperoxidase e malonaldeído. No modelo de (CU-AA), houve uma importante redução no escore da lesão e peso úmido nos animais tratados com as substâncias teste, quando comparado ao controle veículo. Os efeitos foram confirmados na bioquímica pela significante redução da atividade da mieloperoxidase (MDA), o marcador da infiltração de neutrófilos e pela marcada diminuição nos níveis de malonaldeído, um indicador da lipoperoxidação. Além de o ácido acético aumentar os níveis de nitrito e da enzima catalase no cólon, onde o tratamento com ORCL diminuiu significativamente. A análise microscópica revelou uma diminuição da infiltração de células inflamatórias e do edema da submucosa, nos segmentos do cólon tratados com ORCL ou AK. De maneira similar, no modelo de UC-TNBS, houve uma redução do escore da lesão e peso úmido do cólon de animais pré-tratados com ORCL (400mg/Kg, v.o. ou retal) 2, 24 e 48 horas após a injeção intracolônica de TNBS. A atividade da MPO, mas não MDA e catalase foram significativamente afetados pelo pré-tratamento com ORCL. As observações histológicas indicam uma proteção parcial do ORCL, como UC-TNBS é um modelo crônico, talvez houvesse necessidade de uma terapia mais prolongada. No modelo de II-I/R, quarenta e cinco minutos de isquemia seguida de uma hora de reperfusão da artéria mesentérica superior causou significante aumento nos níveis de MPO, catalase, MDA e nitrito, com uma significante diminuição dos grupos sulfidrílicos não-protéicos (NP-SH/GSH) indicando um estresse oxidativo. Estes valores foram sigificamente revertido pelo pré-tratamento via oral com ORCL (200 e 400mg/Kg), sugerindo que ORCL anula o estresse oxidativo. Animais pré-tratados com ORCL (200 e 400mg/Kg, v.o.) ou AK (100mg/Kg, v.o.), 12 e 2 horas antes da administração de 20mg/Kg de indometacina causando toxicidade intestinal, foi capaz de ser evidenciado pela diminuição nos níveis de MPO e nitrito. Diferente da indometacina, ORCL mas não AK falharam em induzir o aumento signifativo na permeabilidade intestinal. Este efeito do ORCL foi similar ao inibidor seletivo de COX-2, rofecoxibe. Estas observações sugerem que ORCL é isento de toxicidade intestinal diferente da toxicidade intestinal dos inibidores clássicos não seletivos da COX. Além disso, ORCL promove cicatrização de feridas aberta ou com incisão em ratos evidenciada pela contração e tensão da pele. Os dados indicam um potencial antiinflamatório do óleo-resina da copaíba e do seu diterpeno ácido kaurenóico, possivelmente mediado pelos mecanismos antioxidantes e anti-lipoperoxidativo.

LEAL, Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira. Contribuição para a validação do uso medicinal de Amburana cearencis (CUMARU) : estudo farmacológico com o isocampferídeo e o ambrosídio. 2006. 179 f. Tese (Doutorado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2006. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2012-06-14T12:39:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_lkamleal.pdf: 2086498 bytes, checksum: 3d9452dbe6772eba7ab78b8230111953 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Nascimento(elienegvn@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-14T12:53:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_lkamleal.pdf: 2086498 bytes, checksum: 3d9452dbe6772eba7ab78b8230111953 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-14T12:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_lkamleal.pdf: 2086498 bytes, checksum: 3d9452dbe6772eba7ab78b8230111953 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Amburana cearensis (Fabaceae) é uma árvore da caatinga nordestina, mais conhecida popularmente como cumaru. Suas cascas (caule) possuem um cheiro característico pela presença de cumarina, e são principalmente utilizadas no tratamento da bronquite, tosse e asma. O presente estudo procurou investigar os efeitos tóxicos e as atividades antiinflamatória, antioxidante e relaxante muscular do isocampferídio (ICPF, 3-metilflavonol) e/ou do amburosídio A (AMB, glucosídio fenólico) isolados das cascas do caule de A. cearensis. A administração intraperitoneal (i.p.) do ICPF ou do AMB em dose única (50 – 200 mg/kg) mostrou baixa toxicidade em camundongos. Na cultura primária de hepatócitos apenas o ICPF (100 µg/ml) reduziu significativamente a viabilidade celular, determinada pelo teste do MTT. O ICPF e o AMB (12,5 – 50 mg/kg, i.p.) apresentaram atividade antiinflamatória, observada inicialmente pela inibição do edema de pata induzido por carragenina-Cg, prostaglandina E2, dextrano-Dx, histamina ou serotonina e pela redução em 39 e 50% respectivamente do infiltrado de neutrófilos verificada pela análise histopatológica/morfométrica do edema induzido por Cg. O aumento da permeabilidade vascular induzido pelo Dx em camundongos, foi também significativamente inibido pelo ICPF ou AMB. O pré-tratamento (oral ou i.p.) dos animais com ICPF ou AMB (25 e 50mg/kg) causaram reduções tanto na migração de leucócitos quanto neutrófilos induzida por Cg ou fMLP no peritônio de camundongos. O ICPF e o AMB preveniram parcialmente a degranulação de neutrófilos humano induzida pelo fMLP, determinada pela redução das atividades das enzimas mieloperoxidase e elastase em até 66 e 52% respectivamente. Os compostos fenólicos em estudo não foram citotóxicos para neutrófilos (teste do MTT). O AMB mostrou uma ação hepatoprotetora/antioxidante no modelo de hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo CCl4 em ratos, determinada pelas enzimas hepáticas (ALT e AST) e pela catalase, além de TBARS, glutationa reduzida e análise histopatológica. Na traquéia isolada de cobaia o ICPF (10 – 1000 µM) e o AMB (10 – 3000 µM) relaxaram de maneira concentração-dependente o músculo pré-contraído pelo CCh ou KCl. A remoção do epitélio traqueal favoreceu o efeito relaxante do ICPF, mas não modificou o efeito do AMB. O relaxamento induzido pelo ICPF foi inibido em 41% pelo L-NAME; 31 e 50% pelo ODQ (3 e 33 µM); 31 % pelo propranolol e 37 % pela capsaicina. Na traquéia pré-contraida pelo KCl (40 mM) a glibenclamida (GLB) ou iberiotoxina reduziram o efeito relaxante do ICPF, enquanto no músculo pré-contraído pelo KCL 120mM o efeito do ICPF foi reduzido e não foi afetado pela GLB. Portanto, os resultados apresentados mostram que o ICPF e o AMB possuem atividades antiinflamatória, relaxante muscular e antioxidante, o que justifica pelo menos em parte o uso tradicional de A. cearensis no tratamento de doenças respiratórias onde as características fisiopatológicas incluem inflamação, estresse oxidativo e broncoconstrição. / Amburana cearensis is a medicinal plant from Northeast Brazil popularly known as “cumaru”. Its stem bark has an odor characteristic of the presence of coumarin, being used in alternative medicine for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. The present study investigated the toxicity, as well as the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and smooth muscle relaxant activities of isokaempferide (IKPF, 3-metylflavonol) and amburoside A (AMB, phenolic glucoside), bioactive constituents of the plant. The intraperitoneal administration (ip) of IKPF or AMB, in single doses (50-200 mg/kg), showed low toxicity in mice. In primary hepatocyte cultures, only IKPF (100 ug/ml) reduced significantly the cellular viability, as assessed by the MTT test. ICPF and AMB (12.5- 50 mg/kg, ip) presented anti-inflammatory activities, observed initially by inhibitions of the carrageenan (Cg), prostraglandin E2 (PGE2), dextran (Dx), histamine or serotonin-induced paw edemas. Besides, IKPF and AMB (12.5 – 50 mg/kg) produced 39 and 50% reductions, respectively, of neutrophil migration as assessed by histopathological/morphometric analyses of the Cg-induced paw edema. The increase of vascular permeability induced by Dx in mice was also significantly inhibited by IKPF or AMB. Mice pretreatments (oral or ip) with IKPF or AMB (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced peritoneal Cg or fMLP-induced leucocytes and neutrophil migrations. Also, IKPF and AMB partially prevented fMlP-induced neutrophil degranulation in human blood, as determined by the decrease in 66 and 52% of activities of the enzymes myeloperoxidase and elastase, respectively. The two compounds were not cytotoxic for neutrophil, as assessed by the MTT test. AMB showed hepatoprotective and antioxidant actions in the model of CCl4-induced liver toxicity in rats, as determined by the liver enzymes activity (AST and ALT), catalase, lipoperoxidation (TBARS assay), reduced glutathione, and histological analysis. In the isolated guinea pig trachea, IKPF (10-1000 µg/ml) and AMB (10- 3000 µg/ml) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the muscle precontracted by carbacol or KCl. The epithelium removal improved IKPF-induced relaxation, but did not alter the AMB effect. IKPF-induced relaxation was inhibited in 41% by L-NAME; 31 and 50% by ODQ (3 and 33 uM); 31% by propranolol and 37% by capsaicin. In the trachea pre-contracted by KCl (40 mM), the pre-incubation with glibenclamide or iberiotoxin, inhibited the IKPF-induced relaxation by 39% and 38%, respectively. On the other hand, 4-aminopyridine did not significantly influence the effect of IKPF. However, in the muscle pre-contracted with 120mM KCl the relaxant effect of IKPF was significantly reduced and not affected by glibenclamide. In conclusion, results showed that IKPF and AMB present anti-inflammatory, muscular relaxant and/or antioxidant activities, justifying the traditional use of Amburana cearensis in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases that present inflammation, oxidative stress, and bronchoconstriction as pathophysiological characteristics.

Melolobium is a relatively small southern African papilionoid genus of the family Fabaceae. Although 20 species have previously been described, in the present revision only 15 of them are recognized. It appears to have close affinities with four other African genera of the tribe Genisteae: Adenocarpus, Argyrolobium, Dichilus and Polhillia, from which it can be distinguished by the often spiny habit, auriculate stipules and presence of glands (stalked and stalkless) in many species of the genus. The type and distribution of trichomes were found to be the most useful characters in the classification of Melolobium, such that it is possible to construct a key to the species based mainly on these characters. The anatomical structure of these trichomes, particularly of the glands, has given an insight into taxonomic relationships between species of Melolobium. Species and subspecies nomenclature, complete typification, descriptions and geographic distribution for each taxon are presented and a key to the species of the genus, based mainly on the type and distribution of trichomes, is presented. A synopsis of extra-southern African species of the genus Argyrolobium, including a key to the species, is presented. Brief synopses of the genera Dichilus and Polhillia are also given. Phylogenetic relationships among the five African genera of Genisteae, using morphological and DNA data, were explored. Cladistic analysis of morphological data at generic level indicates that either Melolobium or Dichilus occupies a basal position in the tribe Genisteae and that Argyrolobium and Polhillia are sister taxa. Analysis of DNA sequences show that there is congruence between the results from the two plastid sequences. In both analyses two groups of sister taxa: Adenocarpus and Lupinus, and Polhillia and Argyrolobium, are seen. The Argyrolobium and Polhillia sister relationship is also supported by the ITS analysis. TrnL-F analysis groups Dichilus and Melolobium together as sister taxa, but the bootstrap support is very low (52%). ITS analysis has resulted in very low bootstrap values (except for the Argyrolobium/Polhillia clade which is supported by 100% bootstrap). Morphological data also supports the sister-group relationships between Adenocarpus and Lupinus, and Argyrolobium and Polhillia. All the analyses however, point to a basal position for Melolobium and Dichilus within the tribe Genisteae (they are sister to the rest of the tribe). The exact sequence of branching (whether Dichilus or Melolobium branches off first) remains unresolved. Generic relationships are discussed, and a key to the genera of the African Genisteae is presented. At species level in Melolobium, morphological data resulted in a fully resolved cladogram in which virgate species are basal to the divaricately branched group. The latter group is further divided into spiny and non-spiny groups. Morphological data is also analysed phenetically. Analysis of all three DNA sequences (rbcL, trnL-F and ITS) on the other, hand could not resolve phylogenetic relationships between species of Melolobium but indicated that speciation in Melolobium occurred relatively recently or perhaps that hybridisation has resulted in a reticulate pattern. Preliminary hypotheses of species relationships in the genera Polhillia and Argyrolobium are also presented, based on cladistic analyses of morphological data. / Prof. B.E. van Wyk

Recent reports have emphasized that foliar applications of stimulatory concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induce greater growth and productivity of several crop plants. This stimulatory action of the hormone has been found to be augmented by simultaneous application of such micronutrients as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and boron (Wort, 1964). However, no systematic attempt has so far been made to investigate physiological and biochemical changes induced in a relatively short period following these treatments. A correlation of such changes with final improvements in growth and yield may provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the hormone. In addition, the biochemical nature of the augmentory role played by micronutrients on 2,4-D action is yet undefined. It was therefore felt desirable to investigate these aspects. Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Var. Top Crop) were grown in plastic cans under controlled environment in a growth room. When the plants were 2 weeks old, the following treatments were applied as foliar sprays: (1) 2,4-D (1 ppm), (2) micronutrient solution (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B; 5x10⁻⁴ M) and (3) 2,4-D-mineral solution, with the same components as (2) plus 1 ppm 2,4-D. Measurements of juvenile growth, chemical composition of the plants, respiration and photosynthetic rates and activities of some of the key enzymes of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism were made 5, 10, and 15 days after the treatment, to determine the course and basis of stimulation. Yield of pods and seeds and the vitamin C content of pods were also determined. The results revealed that: (1) maximum stimulation resulted from the use of hormone-mineral spray, (2) treatments involving 2,4-D resulted in progressive increase in plant height, leaf number, and leaf area; fresh and dry weights of root, stem and leaves; chlorophyll content and total sugar in leaves, (3) sucrose and reducing sugars were lower in stems and roots of treated plants; (4) moisture content was not affected significantly by any treatment; (5) quantitative chromatographic determination of the free, ethanol-soluble amino acids revealed a reduction in amino acid content in 2,4-D-treated plants, particularly in leaves, and an increase in plants to which micro-nutrient spray had been applied. The amino acid content of plants treated with 2,4-D plus minerals was intermediate between those resulting from the other two treatments; (6) measurement made with intact plants using an infrared CO2 analyzer revealed increases in rates of respiration and photosynthesis of the aerial portions 10 and 15 days after treatment; (7) significant increases in the activity of phosphorylase, phosphoglyceryl kinase, succinic dehydrogenase, catalase, nitrate reductase, and transaminase in all organs were also apparent at 10 and 15 days after treatments involving 2,4-D; (8) treatments involving 2,4-D also resulted in significant increases (P=0.05) in number and fresh weight of green pods, in seed number, and in total seed weight. Weight of the individual seed was not significantly altered; (9) the green pods from treated plants had higher vitamin C content at harvest time, but the moisture content was not altered by treatment. The green pods of plants which had received 2,4-D alone or 2,4-D plus minerals lost less ascorbic acid and moisture during 4 days storage at room temperature. The stimulation of enzyme activities is explained on the basis of hypothesis proposed by Wort (1964) that 2,4-D may participate in the formation of substrate-enzyme-regulator complex. Minerals may affect the activity of formation of this complex. In proposing a physiological and biochemical basis for the stimulation in growth and yield under 2,4-D action, the following points are emphasized: (1) the stimulated rate of photosynthesis produced a larger amount of photosynthate which could be utilized in the biosynthesis of all cell constituents or serve as substrate for respiration; (2) the stimulated rate of respiration and activity of such enzymes as phosphoglyceryl kinase and succinic dehydrogenase resulted in an increased supply of available energy, as ATP and reduced nucleotides, for biosynthesis, and in larger amounts of keto acids which provide the carbon skeletons of amino acids; (3) the greater activity of nitrate reductase and transaminase resulted in an augmented supply of amino acids responsible for the enhanced synthesis of protein evident in greater growth and productivity. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate

Fabaceae is the second most speciose plant family in the Core Cape Subregion (CCR) of South Africa, a Mediterranean type ecosystem, with mostly nutrient-poor soils. A majority of the legumes occurring in this region belong to the predominantly nitrogen-fixing subfamily Papilionoideae and they employ a variety of strategies for nutrient acquisition. However, legumes are neither uniformly nor randomly distributed in the CCR landscape. Instead, distinct legume species assemblages tend to occupy particular habitats within the landscape. The drivers of this distribution pattern are yet to be determined. In this thesis, it was hypothesized that edaphic factors (soil chemical and physical characteristics) and the distribution of rhizobia have influenced legume distributions in the CCR landscape. The influence of edaphic factors on the distribution of legume species assemblages in the Cape Peninsula (a microcosm of the CCR) is the subject of the second chapter of the thesis. It was hypothesized that the composition of legume species assemblages is correlated with soil physical and chemical properties and that the interaction of Phosphorus (P) and the three cations that often bind P, i.e. Aluminium, Calcium and Iron, making it unavailable to plants, drive legume species assemblages in the landscape. Soils from 27 legume sites, spanning all major soil types of the Cape Peninsula, were analysed for 31 chemical and physical properties. Surveys of legume species present at each site were conducted to generate a presence/absence matrix. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to test for a correlation between legume species composition and edaphic factors. The strength of the association between legume species composition and site groupings based on edaphic properties was assessed using indicator species analysis. A significant correlation between edaphic factors and species composition was found and the key edaphic parameters driving the relationship were clay content, iron (Fe), potassium (K), sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn). Indicator species, characteristic of the various edaphic habitats were also identified. These findings indicate that distinct edaphic habitats are occupied by discrete legume species assemblages, implying a significant influence of edaphic factors on the legume distributions. Chapter three of the thesis sought to determine if the ecological parameters; altitude, pH and soil type influence the distribution of the two main rhizobial genera (Burkholderia and Mesorhizobium) that nodulate various legumes of the CCR, and to determine the diversity and phylogenetic position of rhizobia that associate with the narrowly distributed and rare Indigofera superba in the CCR. The first objective was pursued through molecular characterisation of rhizobial strains isolated from nodules of legume species collected in the field across the Cape Peninsula. DNA sequences for 16S rRNA, recA and nodA were combined with data from a previous study that sampled broadly within the CCR and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. Tests for phylogenetic signals for the three ecological parameters were conducted, using the D statistic for soil type and Pagel’s λ for altitude and pH. These analyses were used to test the hypothesis that closely related species occupy similar habitats with respect to each of the three ecological parameters. For the study of rhizobial symbionts of Indigofera superba, field nodules were sampled from multiple populations across its distribution range and a phylogeny of its symbionts was reconstructed in a matrix that included symbionts of diverse legumes from different habitats within the CCR. The results showed that Burkholderia is restricted to acidic habitats, while Mesorhizobium occurs in both acidic and alkaline habitats. Additionally, both rhizobial genera showed significant phylogenetic clustering for pH and most soil types. However, none of the genera showed a phylogenetic structure with respect to altitude. These findings indicate that pH and soil type influence the distribution of rhizobia in the CCR. Implications of these findings for the distribution of legumes in the landscape are discussed. For the narrowly distributed I. superba, the results showed that it associates with diverse strains within the genus Burkholderia and such strains are not phylogenetically distinct from strains isolated from localities outside its distribution range. These findings lead to the hypothesis that I. superba does not exhibit rhizobia specificity at the intrageneric level. Testing of this hypothesis through analysis of its nodulation capability on soils from outside its distribution range is recommended. The fourth chapter of the thesis determined the extent of horizontal gene transfer among rhizobial genera in the Core Cape Subregion (CCR) of South Africa and reconstructed the ancestral symbionts of the legumes. Phylogenies of two chromosomal genes (16S rRNA and recA) and one nodulation gene (nodA) of rhizobia, isolated from diverse legumes in the CCR, were reconstructed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood techniques. A cophylogenetic analysis was used to test for congruence between the chromosomal and the nodA phylogenies. Five genera of rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Ensifer, Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium) were studied. A phylogeny of the legumes was reconstructed from matK and rbcL DNA sequences and it was used to reconstruct their ancestral rhizobia, using Bayesian methods. The chromosomal phylogeny of the rhizobia was mostly incongruent with that of nodA, indicating potential horizontal inheritance of the latter. The nodA genes of Burkholderia, Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium had different evolutionary histories from their counterparts in other parts of the globe. Burkholderia was reconstructed as the ancestral symbionts of the CCR legumes. Evidence of co-diversification between the legumes and their symbionts was observed and this highlights a potential role of the legume-rhizobia interaction to the high diversity of legumes in the CCR. Finally, the availability of compatible rhizobia and their competitive ability are discussed as possible drivers for the lack of shared legumes between the CCR’s Fynbos biome and the Kwongan of Australia. Overall, the study shows that edaphic factors and biotic interactions (rhizobia) have significant influence on the distribution of legumes in the Cape Peninsula and the larger Core Cape Subregion of southern Africa. These findings are consistent with the theory that edaphic factors and biotic interactions have a strong influence on species distributions at local and site spatial scales.

Foram coletados tripes em 25 das 40 espécies de fabáceas amostradas em quatro municípios do estado do Maranhão e em dois municípios do estado do Piauí. Foram examinados 818 exemplares de tripes pertencentes a 22 espécies. Doze foram identificadas: Bradinothrips musae (Hood, 1956); Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912); Dolichothrips indicus (Hood, 1919); Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937; F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948; F. insularis (Franklin, 1908); F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910); F. tritici (Fitch, 1855); Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908); Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché, 1833); Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935 e Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901). Cinco são provavelmente novas espécies: Aulacothrips sp.; Frankliniella sp. 3; Hydatothrips sp.; Neohydatothrips sp. e Scolothrips sp. Não foi possível identificar cinco outras espécies, porque o conhecimento taxonômico de um gênero não ainda não está esclarecido (Xylaplothrips Priesner, 1928), porque as espécies pertencem a grupos próximos (Frankliniella sp. 1 e Frankliniella sp. 2) ou devido a diferenças, possivelmente intraespecíficas, com espécies descritas (Plesiothrips sp. e Scirtothrips sp.). Para 17 espécies de fabáceas foram estabelecidos os primeiros registros de associações com tripes. Dolichothrips indicus e Xylaplothrips sp. são novos registros de gêneros no Brasil. Além dessas, B. musae, F. gardeniae, F. tritici, Sa. minimus e Se. rubrocinctus são novos registros para o Meio-Norte do Brasil. Nessa sub-região, indivíduos amarelos e marrons de F. schultzei ocorrem simultaneamente. Foram estabelecidas as primeiras associações de Sa. minimus com espécies vegetais no Brasil. Algumas espécies de tripes conhecidas como pragas de fabáceas, principalmente no sul e sudeste do Brasil, não foram coletadas no Meio-Norte. Uma chave de identificação ilustrada foi elaborada. Os exemplares-testemunhas estão depositados na coleção do Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP). / Thrips were collected on 25 out of 40 species of Fabaceae sampled in four municipalities in the state of Maranhão and two municipalities in the state of Piaui. A total of 818 thrips specimens, belonging to 22 species, were examined. From those species, twelve were identified: Bradinothrips musae (Hood, 1956); Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912); Dolichothrips indicus (Hood, 1919); Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937; F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948; F. insularis (Franklin, 1908); F. tritici (Fitch, 1855); F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910); Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908); Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche, 1833); Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935 and Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901). Five probably belong to new species: Aulacothrips sp.; Frankliniella sp. 3; Hydatothrips sp.; Neohydatothrips sp. and Scolothrips sp. It was not possible to identify five other species, because the current taxonomic knowledge of one genus is not clear (Xylaplothrips Priesner, 1928) or the species belong to closely related groups (Frankliniella sp. 1 and Frankliniella sp. 2) or due to slight differences, possibly intraspecific, with described species (Plesiothrips sp. And Scirtothrips sp.). For 17 species of Fabaceae, the first records of association with thrips were established. Dolichothrips indicus and Xylaplothrips sp. are new records of genera in Brazil. In addition, B. musae, F. gardeniae, F. tritici, Sa. minimus and Se. rubrocinctus are new species records for the Mid-North. In this area, yellow and brown individuals of F. schultzei occur simultaneously. It was established the first association of Sa. minimus with plant species in Brazil. Some thrips species known as pests in Fabaceae in Brazil, mainly in southern and southeastern, were not found in Mid-North. An illustrated key was elaborated. Voucher-specimens are deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP).

Foram coletados tripes em 25 das 40 espécies de fabáceas amostradas em quatro municípios do estado do Maranhão e em dois municípios do estado do Piauí. Foram examinados 818 exemplares de tripes pertencentes a 22 espécies. Doze foram identificadas: Bradinothrips musae (Hood, 1956); Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912); Dolichothrips indicus (Hood, 1919); Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937; F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948; F. insularis (Franklin, 1908); F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910); F. tritici (Fitch, 1855); Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908); Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché, 1833); Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935 e Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901). Cinco são provavelmente novas espécies: Aulacothrips sp.; Frankliniella sp. 3; Hydatothrips sp.; Neohydatothrips sp. e Scolothrips sp. Não foi possível identificar cinco outras espécies, porque o conhecimento taxonômico de um gênero não ainda não está esclarecido (Xylaplothrips Priesner, 1928), porque as espécies pertencem a grupos próximos (Frankliniella sp. 1 e Frankliniella sp. 2) ou devido a diferenças, possivelmente intraespecíficas, com espécies descritas (Plesiothrips sp. e Scirtothrips sp.). Para 17 espécies de fabáceas foram estabelecidos os primeiros registros de associações com tripes. Dolichothrips indicus e Xylaplothrips sp. são novos registros de gêneros no Brasil. Além dessas, B. musae, F. gardeniae, F. tritici, Sa. minimus e Se. rubrocinctus são novos registros para o Meio-Norte do Brasil. Nessa sub-região, indivíduos amarelos e marrons de F. schultzei ocorrem simultaneamente. Foram estabelecidas as primeiras associações de Sa. minimus com espécies vegetais no Brasil. Algumas espécies de tripes conhecidas como pragas de fabáceas, principalmente no sul e sudeste do Brasil, não foram coletadas no Meio-Norte. Uma chave de identificação ilustrada foi elaborada. Os exemplares-testemunhas estão depositados na coleção do Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP). / Thrips were collected on 25 out of 40 species of Fabaceae sampled in four municipalities in the state of Maranhão and two municipalities in the state of Piaui. A total of 818 thrips specimens, belonging to 22 species, were examined. From those species, twelve were identified: Bradinothrips musae (Hood, 1956); Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912); Dolichothrips indicus (Hood, 1919); Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937; F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948; F. insularis (Franklin, 1908); F. tritici (Fitch, 1855); F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910); Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908); Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche, 1833); Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935 and Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901). Five probably belong to new species: Aulacothrips sp.; Frankliniella sp. 3; Hydatothrips sp.; Neohydatothrips sp. and Scolothrips sp. It was not possible to identify five other species, because the current taxonomic knowledge of one genus is not clear (Xylaplothrips Priesner, 1928) or the species belong to closely related groups (Frankliniella sp. 1 and Frankliniella sp. 2) or due to slight differences, possibly intraspecific, with described species (Plesiothrips sp. And Scirtothrips sp.). For 17 species of Fabaceae, the first records of association with thrips were established. Dolichothrips indicus and Xylaplothrips sp. are new records of genera in Brazil. In addition, B. musae, F. gardeniae, F. tritici, Sa. minimus and Se. rubrocinctus are new species records for the Mid-North. In this area, yellow and brown individuals of F. schultzei occur simultaneously. It was established the first association of Sa. minimus with plant species in Brazil. Some thrips species known as pests in Fabaceae in Brazil, mainly in southern and southeastern, were not found in Mid-North. An illustrated key was elaborated. Voucher-specimens are deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP).