Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 178 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-133).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-68)

Texte remanié de: Habil.-Schr.--Kiel--Mathematisch-Naturwissaftlichen Fakultät, 1966. / Bibliogr. p. 216-226.

Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis, including CBT for voices (CBTv), which targets auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). CBT may be a promising approach for improving information processing difficulties in schizophrenia, and by so doing, facilitating social cognition and daily functioning. While many studies have tested treatment effects in schizophrenia, none have specifically evaluated electrophysiological changes in brain activity following CBT in patients with schizophrenia. Electrophysiological studies have revealed a number of event related potentials (ERPs) associated with impaired processing of emotional facial expressions in patients with schizophrenia. This well-documented difficulty with facial expression recognition has been associated with impaired low-level visual information processing. However, there is only limited and inconsistent data on the way in which early visual processing deficits are related to impaired emotional expression processing in this patient population. The research presented in this thesis assessed changes in ERPs to emotional expressions following cognitive behavioural therapy for voices (CBTv) in patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory hallucinations. The studies presented also examined ERPs evoked in response to spatial frequency filtered (SF-filtered) and unfiltered images of facial expressions and control objects in healthy controls and a homogenous sample of schizophrenia patients – those experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations. This was done to test certain hypotheses regarding the low-level genesis of face recognition difficulties in schizophrenia. Relative to controls, patients with schizophrenia indicated blunted: 1) early-stage visual information processing to sad, angry and fearful facial expressions (as indexed by the amplitude of the P100 ERP), 2) facial structural encoding to neutral, joyful, sad, angry and fearful facial expression (as indexed by the N170), and 3) higher-order decoding of all facial expressions (indexed by mean amplitude of the P300). Assessment of SF-filtered facial expressions found impaired early processing (i.e., P100) specific to low spatial frequency (LSF) filtered fearful facial expression and high spatial frequency (HSF) filtered neutral faces in patients with schizophrenia, which at later stages (i.e., N170 and P300) extended to all facial expressions and SF filtering conditions. Within-group comparisons showed that patients exhibited a different pattern of ERP modulation across facial expressions than controls for P100 and N170, but not for P300. The within-group comparisons also suggested a heightened response to LSF threatening information, relative to BSF conditions, in the patient group. CBTv therapy did not change ERP amplitudes in response to facial expressions, but was associated with decreased latency in the P100. This improved processing speed was not reflected in later ERP components (i.e., N170 and P300). These results indicate that earlier perceptual processing impairments are expression-specific and that behavioural and electrophysiological face-processing deficits in schizophrenia arise from early-stage deficits in visual processing. The finding of an improvement in visual processing speed to facial expressions following CBTv treatment provides the first demonstration of CBTv-induced changes to brain responses to facial expressions at an early neural processing stage.

It has often been argued that the processing of faces is 'special' relative to the processing of other objects and there is much evidence in support of this notion. One source of evidence is the inversion effect, which occurs when faces presented upright are recognised significantly better than faces presented upside down. This effect of stimulus inversion has been shown to impair face recognition to a greater extent than for any other object class. It is this disproportionate effect that has been given as one source of evidence that face processing is special. However, other research has argued that effects of inversion can be found for non-face stimuli providing that there is sufficient development of expertise with them and that these stimuli can be defined by a common prototype. This thesis further explores this idea. Inversion effects were investigated for both prototypically and non-prototypically defined, abstract, chequerboard stimuli and compared with those for faces. When subjects learned to categorise chequerboard stimuli that were defined by a common prototype equal size inversion effects were found to those observed for faces. However, inversion effects were not observed for category training with multiple exemplars of chequerboard stimuli that were not defined by a common prototype. Together the findings are consistent with the idea that inversion effects are a general phenomenon resulting from the acquisition of category expertise with any prototype defined stimulus category. They undermine the inversion effect as a source of evidence for the specialness of face processing. Further, using a new Moving Windows technique, additional experiments investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects of inversion found for faces and chequerboards. These showed that the diagnostic image regions searched differ across the two stimulus classes. However, on the basis of the results, it is argued that the inversion effects found for both could result from impaired processing of second-order configural information.

Automatic face recognition has long been studied because it has a wide potential for application. Several systems have been developed to identify faces from small face populations via detailed face feature analysis, or by using neural nets, or through model based approaches. This study has aimed to provide satisfactory recognition within large populations of human faces and has concentrated on improving feature definition and extraction to establish an extended feature set to lead to a fully structured recognition system based on a single frontal view. An overall review on the development and the techniques of automatic face recognition is included, and performances of earlier systems are discussed. A novel profile description has been achieved from a frontal view of a face and is represented by a Walsh power spectrum which was selected from seven different descriptions due to its ability to distinguish the differences between profiles of different faces. A further feature has concerned the face contour which is extracted by iterative curve fitting and described by normalized Fourier descriptors. To accompany an extended set of geometric measurements, the eye region feature is described statistically by eye-centred moments. Hair texture has also been studied for the purpose of segmenting it from other parts of the face and to investigate the possibility of using it as a set of feature. These new features combine to form an extended feature vector to describe a face. The algorithms for feature extraction have been implemented on face images from different subjects and multiple views from the same person but without the face normal to the camera or without constant illumination. Features have been assessed in consequence on each feature set separately and on the composite feature vector. The results have continued to emphasize that though each description can be used to recognise a face there is a clear need for an extended feature set to cope with the requirements of recognizing faces within large populations.

MARÇAL, F. F. Parâmetros fotoantropométricos faciais em indivíduos com osteogênese imperfeita. 2017. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Odontologia) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Erika Fernandes (erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2017-04-24T14:28:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_ffmarçal.pdf: 1557770 bytes, checksum: 48a7e540abc0a0089160f71ce219a518 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Fernandes (erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2017-04-24T14:28:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_ffmarçal.pdf: 1557770 bytes, checksum: 48a7e540abc0a0089160f71ce219a518 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T14:28:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_ffmarçal.pdf: 1557770 bytes, checksum: 48a7e540abc0a0089160f71ce219a518 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Osteogenesis imperfeita (OI) is a representative nomenclature of a set of syndromes with mutations for failures in type I collagen with qualitative and quantitative repercussions of the bone structure, where we can cite craniofacial morphological changes. The objective was to evaluate facial photoanthropometric parameters in patients with OI. To that end, 20 Brazilians with a diagnosis of OI of the SEMENTE project (Fortaleza, Brazil), both sexes, were selected at any age and were able to understand and sign the informed consent form (TCLE), and 38 non-syndromic Brazilians , As a control group, ASA I, able to understand and sign the TCLE and matched by sex, age and Burstone facial profile. As exclusion criteria of the groups: orthodontic treatment completed or initiated, trauma and / or surgery in the craniofacial region and presence of any other systemic disease. A photoanthropometric analysis of the 18 facial parameters of STENGEL-RUTKOWSKI et al. (1984), previously established in the literature for syndromes. A single examiner performed virtually all effective and angular measurements virtually on CorelDRAWX7. Horizontally shortened ears in relation to atrial width (p = 0.003), longer in relation to the face (p <0.001) and steeper noses (p = 0.020) were shown to be changes related to the group of individuals with OI. The etiopathogenesis of these alterations and their phenotypic relationships still need to be the subject of future work to validate these results. / Osteogênese imperfeita (OI) é uma nomenclatura representativa de um conjunto de síndromes com mutações para falhas no colágeno tipo I com repercussões qualitativas e quantitativas da estruura óssea, onde podemos citar alterações morfológicas craniofaciais. Objetiva-se avaliar parâmetros fotoantropométricos faciais em pacientes com OI. Para isso, foram selecionados 20 brasileiros com diagnóstico de OI do projeto SEMENTE (Fortaleza, Brasil), ambos os sexos, em qualquer idade e capazes de entender e assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE), e 38 brasileiros não-sindrômicos, como grupo controle, ASA I, capazes de entender e assinar o TCLE e pareados por sexo, idade e perfil facial de Burstone. Como critérios de exclusão dos grupos: tratamento ortodôntico finalizado ou iniciado, trauma e/ou cirurgia em região craniofacial e presença de qualquer outra doença sistêmica. Será realizada análise fotoantropométrica dos 18 parâmetros faciais de STENGEL-RUTKOWSKI et al. (1984), previamente estabelecida na literatura para síndromes. Um único examinador realizou todas as medidas efetivas e angulares virtualmente pelo CorelDRAWX7. Orelhas encurtadas horizontalmente em relação a largura auricular (p=0,003), mais longos em relação à face (p<0.001) e narizes mais inclinados para baixo (p=0,020) mostram-se como alterações relacionadas ao grupo de indivíduos com OI. A etiopatogênese dessas alteraçãos encontradas e de suas relações fenotípicas ainda precisam ser alvo de futuros trabalhos para validação desses resultados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_3982_DISSERTAÇÃO JULIANA DOS SANTOS.pdf: 536915 bytes, checksum: dbd2fd11f5bf29816456681a1f14a481 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-14 / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a multifuncionalidade do verbo achar, sob uma perspectiva sincrônica e para tanto testamos essa hipótese no corpus do Português Falado na cidade de Vitória (PORTVIX). Neste trabalho, tomamos como ponto de partida os estudos funcionalistas que discutem, dentre outras coisas, a mudança semântica de itens lexicais como sendo um processo de gramaticalização. Nosso olhar toma por base os estudos de Traugott e Dasher (2005) que versam sobre o processo de gramaticalização, apontando o conceito de subjetividade dentro desta perspectiva. Isso se deu por observarmos que o falante ao fazer uso do verbo achar expressa sua individualidade, coloca sua opinião no discurso e, também, convida o interlocutor a assumir com ele sua visão. Acreditamos que o verbo achar é uma expressão de polidez e, de acordo com o corpus, muito mais utilizada por falantes com curso superior. A hipótese é a de que isso ocorre por haver a necessidade de preservação de face, isto é, por muitas vezes afastar-se de um comprometimento com suas declarações ou ainda não prejudicar a própria imagem ou a do interlocutor. Este trabalho se justifica na medida em que ao seu término teremos um estudo sobre a multifuncionalidade do verbo achar no PORTVIX.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2009. / Submitted by Allan Wanick Motta (allan_wanick@hotmail.com) on 2010-03-15T20:28:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_ElvidiodePaulaeSilva.pdf: 4712802 bytes, checksum: 510d6f22c3b188cdd3918d53f4d73909 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucila Saraiva(lucilasaraiva1@gmail.com) on 2010-05-19T05:12:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_ElvidiodePaulaeSilva.pdf: 4712802 bytes, checksum: 510d6f22c3b188cdd3918d53f4d73909 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-19T05:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_ElvidiodePaulaeSilva.pdf: 4712802 bytes, checksum: 510d6f22c3b188cdd3918d53f4d73909 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Este estudo foi composto de duas fases. Na primeira, implantaram-se telas de polipropileno em continentes orbitais de cães. As paredes mediais das órbitas de 12 cães foram fraturadas e pedaços de tela de polipropileno implantados cobriram os defeitos ósseos produzidos. Utilizou-se uma, duas ou três camadas de tela de polipropileno e algumas órbitas, somente fraturadas, serviram como controle. Os cães foram sacrificados nos tempos de 15, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório; os tecidos das órbitas de controle e das implantadas foram removidos e preparados para análise histológica em microscopia óptica. Os resultados obtidos por análise histológica demonstraram que as telas de polipropileno causaram reações teciduais de intensidade leve a moderada nos tecidos, podendo-se concluir que o material foi bem tolerado, mesmo quando superposto em duas ou três camadas. A segunda fase tratou de um estudo retrospectivo, em prontuários de 30 pacientes vítimas de trauma com fraturas faciais e do continente orbital, operados no HBDF no período de 1996 a 2008. A finalidade foi avaliar a eficácia da tela de polipropileno na correção das paredes orbitais em que houve perda óssea. A indicação de implante com a tela objetivou corrigir ou evitar alterações visuais como diplopia, enoftalmia e oftalmoplegia. A seleção dos prontuários contemplou aleatoriamente pacientes de ambos os gêneros, que se submeteram ao implante orbital com tela de polipropileno no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF). Os resultados observados e a análise estatística demonstraram que a tela de polipropileno foi capaz de corrigir os defeitos ósseos do continente orbital e evitar os fenômenos visuais mencionados. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This study was carried out in two phases. In the first one, polypropylene meshes were implanted in the orbits of dogs. The orbit medial walls of 12 dogs were fractured and implanted with patches of polypropylene mesh over bone defects produced. One, two or three layers of polypropylene mesh were used and a few orbits that had only been fractured were used as control. The dogs were put to sleep 15, 30, and 60 days after the surgery; tissues from both control and implant orbits were removed and prepared for histological analysis through optical microscopy. The results so obtained showed that the polypropylene meshes caused mild to moderate tissue reactions, indicating that the material was well tolerated even in two or three overlapping layers. The second phase encompassed a retrospective study based on the history cases of 30 patients who had suffered facial and orbit fractures. The objective of the study was evaluating the effectiveness of the polypropylene mesh in correcting orbit walls affected by bone loss. Implant indication with the mesh aimed at correcting or avoiding such visual conditions as diplopia, enophthalmia, and ophthalmoplegy. The selection of cases contemplated random patients of both sexes who received orbit polypropylene mesh implants at the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF). The results have shown that the polypropylene mesh was able to fix orbital bone lesions and avoid sight disorders.

nÃo hà / The research is divided into three parts. The first is a study of the face and its relationship with the portrait, from classical definitions and approaches between the two concepts in art history. The second part of the dissertation deals with the face in film and concatenates the analysis of a few filmic propositions with different theoretical approaches as a way to reflect on the face in silent, classic and modern films. The vectorized face of classic cinema, treated as the main space of identification with the characters, operates differently from the deep face of modern cinema, which reveals internal movements, anxieties, nauseas. Both are, in the third part of the dissertation, confronted with the contemporary face. Space in which intensities and affects emerge, the face that appears in a certain recent film production is closer to the landscape than to the portrait. / A pesquisa à dividida em trÃs partes. A primeira consiste em um estudo sobre a relaÃÃo entre rosto e retrato, proposto com base em definiÃÃes clÃssicas e aproximaÃÃes entre os dois conceitos na histÃria da arte. A segunda parte da dissertaÃÃo aborda o rosto no cinema e encadeia a anÃlise de algumas proposiÃÃes fÃlmicas com distintas abordagens teÃricas para discutir o primeiro plano nos cinemas mudo, clÃssico e moderno. O rosto vetorizado do cinema clÃssico, tratado como espaÃo principal de identificaÃÃo com o personagem, opera de forma distinta do rosto profundo do cinema moderno, nos quais se revelam movimentos internos, angÃstias, nÃuseas. Ambos sÃo, na terceira parte da dissertaÃÃo, confrontados com o rosto contemporÃneo. EspaÃo de intensidades e afetos, o rosto que surge em uma determinada produÃÃo cinematogrÃfica recente aproxima-se mais da paisagem do que do retrato.