The construction industry is responsible for approximately $1 trillion in work annually. A large percentage of this work is tied to the renovation of older structures. Due to increases in sustainable initiatives and the growing lack of green field development sites, the renovation of older buildings is becoming an even more substantial portion of construction work. Old, or urban based, college and university campuses require renovation of their buildings to sustain an efficient and comfortable campus. Renovations on a college or university campus are often the effect of a change in space requirements, and the planning of the space in a building is a major driver for renovations. The renovation of an older structure on a college or university campus has many inherent issues associated with it. Included among these is the likelihood of unknown existing conditions, constantly evolving needs of the campus, cost implications of minor changes, and scheduling and phasing conflicts. Improvements in technology have the potential to increase the efficiency of the renovation and space planning process. One particular technology that could be of particular benefit is Building Information Modeling (BIM), a technology based collaborative process utilizing 3-Dimensional visualization software as its tool. It was the objective of this research project to explore the benefits of using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the delivery of renovation projects as well as its possible utilization in space utilization management. This study attempted to identify opportunities for BIM to improve upon the process that universities and institutions, in particular, currently use for their renovations and space utilization management. This research project collected information from the WPI facilities management department specifically and from surveys of other institutions to better understand the current issues associated with renovations and space planning and to attempt to validate the use of BIM as a viable solution. A case study was performed on a building on the WPI campus, Salisbury Laboratories as part of this research study. The case study utilized 3-Dimensional Building Information Model to validate the possible use of the platform to streamline the delivery of renovation projects as well as its ability to benefit space planning process. The study was able to identify several benefits of utilizing BIM in the delivery of renovation projects, including increased efficiency in the design phase and generation of conceptual estimates and phasing plans for the owner. The principal benefit found by the study in the utilization of BIM was the ability for spatial visualizations and the ease of modifying the design in a consistent and efficient fashion. There were several observed barriers to the utilization of BIM in this regard, namely the lack of knowledge of the software and the cost of implementing and updating the system.

A key challenge for urban facilities management (UFM) is to identify ways to promote sustainable urban development at a community/precinct level. One potential approach is via the application of sustainable community assessment/rating tools which have seen increased popularity amongst urban planners and developers over the past decade. This study investigates the efficacy and applicability of this approach to urban sustainability, particularly within the "developing country"context of South Africa. Furthermore, the paper suggests that the deployment of UFM in creating a management platform for urban precincts, one that focuses on the process of achieving urban sustainability within a specific locale, will deliver improved strategies for operationalising urban sustainability. Using soft systems methodology (SSM), the study aimed to establish the fundamental requirements for sustainable community development frameworks in both "developing" and "developed countries". Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 key stakeholders who consisted of two main categories. Firstly, participants from private and public sector engaged in the management and development of sustainable urban precincts. Secondly, participants from NGO's that develop sustainable community rating tools. The tools included: Leadership in Engineering and Environmental Design for Neighbourhood Development (LEED-ND), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology for Communities (BREEAM-C), Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency for Urban Development (CASBEE-UD), EcoDistricts, Green Star Communities (GSC), and the Living Community Challenge (LCC). Interviews were conducted in both Cape Town and Vancouver; representing the "developing" and "developed"contexts respectively. It was found that the prescriptive and outcomes-based nature of assessment tools excludes "developing countries" from the sustainable community development conversation. The logical next step is to develop frameworks that offer sustainable solutions appropriate to these contexts. Findings also highlighted a need for a more robust procedural framework to manage relationships between various professionals and interest groups involved in the development of sustainable communities/precincts. This in turn provides a unified method to facilitate the achievement of urban sustainability. This research concludes that urban sustainability needs to draw upon the management principles of facilities management (FM), and more specifically UFM, to develop and assess the sustainability of communities and cities within a specific locale. Without a process-orientated method such as this, cities will continue to fall short of their sustainable imperatives.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Building (Project Management) / Successful implementation of whole lifecycle management (WLCM) for facilities depends upon the seamless flow of information between the development and operational stages of facilities, which in turn depends upon the ability of the project manager to integrate various requirements of project stakeholders (Edum-Fotwe, et al., 2003); (Meng, 2013); (PMI, 2008). Traditionally, design is separated from the facilities management (FM) stage, and concepts such as early FM involvement are advocated as instruments that can be used to achieve integration between these stages (Meng, 2013). Early FM involvement is the integration of FM practitioners in the design stage and thus, allowing for valuable FM information to be included at an early stage of development. However, most of the available academic literature on early FM involvement either focus on the significance of early FM involvement without specifying the actual framework, similarly where frameworks are defined, only focus in one particular function of FM such as maintainability, without regard for operability, serviceability and other aspects of WLCM (Liu & Issa, 2013); (Meng, 2013). Therefore, the basis for this research was founded on the realisation of the silo approach between project management (PM) and FM stages, and lack of comprehensive frameworks for early FM involvement, resulting in facilities that are costly to maintain and operate. This research sought to provide a comprehensive performance management framework (PMF) for early FM involvement, here after called the PMF, within the South African context.

This study sought to use "New Science" as a lens through which to view change in a university facilities management division and to determine in what ways New Science could help make sense of these changes. New Science takes scientific management concepts beyond Newton, Taylor, and Einstein and employs a systems and ecological view of life in organizations. New Science goes beyond quantum mechanics and includes uncertainty and unpredictability, complementarity, semantic and chaotic infinite complexity, non-linear adaptive feedback networks, and wholeness and implicate order. The conceptual framework for the study was based on applying complex systems theory described by New Science to human systems undergoing change in a university facilities management organization. Making sense of life and change in organizations is critical for university facility managers expected to change their organizations. I was the senior university officer of the study organization during and after the study period. The design and implementation of a computerized maintenance management system from 2000 to 2005 was used as the representative change initiative in the organization. Two integrated methods of collecting data on the change initiative were used: burography and case study. The burography was grounded in the reality of my daily life as a key actor in the study organization. The case study was my narrative of the change initiative based on archival evidence I collected in the study organization. New Science concepts described in the literature review were used as a lens through which to view and to make sense of the change data collected for the burography and case study. The goodness-of-fit between New Science concepts and the data helped address the purpose of the research. The analysis demonstrated that New Science could be used to map" the key dynamic properties of complex systems onto the human systems in the facilities management organization. Viewed through the lens of New Science, the study organizations change initiative was successful because some people in the organization used understanding of the uncertainty and unpredictability in their internal and external environments in conjunction with new moral purpose, complementarity, and semantic complexity to create wholeness and implicate order sustained by adaptive non-linear feedback networks. The networks helped to manage chaotic complexity and to rejuvenate the organization. New Science concepts proved to be an overarching lens through which other organizational and managerial lenses could be used to deal with practical aspects of leading organizations, including positional power and reciprocal leadership.

This study sought to use "New Science" as a lens through which to view change in a university facilities management division and to determine in what ways New Science could help make sense of these changes. New Science takes scientific management concepts beyond Newton, Taylor, and Einstein and employs a systems and ecological view of life in organizations. New Science goes beyond quantum mechanics and includes uncertainty and unpredictability, complementarity, semantic and chaotic infinite complexity, non-linear adaptive feedback networks, and wholeness and implicate order. The conceptual framework for the study was based on applying complex systems theory described by New Science to human systems undergoing change in a university facilities management organization. Making sense of life and change in organizations is critical for university facility managers expected to change their organizations. I was the senior university officer of the study organization during and after the study period. The design and implementation of a computerized maintenance management system from 2000 to 2005 was used as the representative change initiative in the organization. Two integrated methods of collecting data on the change initiative were used: burography and case study. The burography was grounded in the reality of my daily life as a key actor in the study organization. The case study was my narrative of the change initiative based on archival evidence I collected in the study organization. New Science concepts described in the literature review were used as a lens through which to view and to make sense of the change data collected for the burography and case study. The goodness-of-fit between New Science concepts and the data helped address the purpose of the research. The analysis demonstrated that New Science could be used to map" the key dynamic properties of complex systems onto the human systems in the facilities management organization. Viewed through the lens of New Science, the study organizations change initiative was successful because some people in the organization used understanding of the uncertainty and unpredictability in their internal and external environments in conjunction with new moral purpose, complementarity, and semantic complexity to create wholeness and implicate order sustained by adaptive non-linear feedback networks. The networks helped to manage chaotic complexity and to rejuvenate the organization. New Science concepts proved to be an overarching lens through which other organizational and managerial lenses could be used to deal with practical aspects of leading organizations, including positional power and reciprocal leadership.

Reverse Auction Bidding (RAB) study into the construction industry commenced at Texas AandM (TAMU) University in 2004 from the work of a graduate student who was interested in the reasons for RAB being considered unethical by some. This thesis is the eleventh study into Reverse Auction Bidding building on the work of the previous researchers. Previous case studies investigated a number of different competitive situations ranging from three to ten players. In the last few studies, the bidding behavior and performance of participants in the RAB process is being observed with respect to their personality. Personality for each player is tested using the Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS) test. The KTS describes four major personalities and four role variants in each of the personalities, summing up to sixteen role variants. There appears at this stage a strong correlation between personality type and game performance. This study extends the work on the Guardian personality type to investigate the four sub-types of this personality. This study builds on the previous work by analyzing the four different Guardian role variants being Provider, Protector, Inspector and Supervisor. The aim of the research is to investigate whether there is a difference in game returns between the personality type from within this group. The study involves a game scenario involving a facility manager hiring the contractors who submit the lowest bid for the assumed renovation project. The study also gives the contractor a modified KTS questionnaire that can be used by them for hiring an individual for the position of an estimator with a competent personality. The individuals were selected from undergraduate Construction Science students with limited experience. The game lasted for nine rounds, with the statistical results of the bidding and contract data showing patterns similar to the previous studies. The results show us that the individuals with a role variant of Providers provided the highest return in this case study, although a single case study is insufficient to draw formal conclusions on this matter, the result points to future research.

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M.Tech. / Sport has become the broadest common cultural denominator in almost all societies (Lapchick, cited in Gouws, 1997). As a result, sporting events have become an increasingly popular means for achieving political, cultural and economic benefits for the host nation (Parent, 2008). Consequently, this has led to an increased demand in the value of diverse skills in the sport event management field. This is to cope with the increased complexities surrounding sport event management and thus requires a distinct body of knowledge and skills to be developed (Quatman, 2008). However, concern over the lack of a relevant base of common knowledge (NASPE-NASSM, 1993) as well as pertinent training programmes to prepare sport managers for the contemporary sport events industry has resulted in current graduates not necessarily meeting the needs or expectations of the industry. As a result, there appears to be a gap between the current event management curricula outcomes at higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa and the expected competencies of sport event managers in practice. The aim is therefore to develop guidelines for sport event management training in higher education institutions on various HEQF levels (DoL, 2008) to address the competencies required by managers for the South African context. This translates into objectives, namely: i) to identify, conceptualise and unpack sport event management competencies required by sport event managers, ii) to investigate the curricula of sport event management at higher education institutions in South Africa, iii) to investigate the importance of different competencies required by sport event managers in South Africa, iv) to investigate the current level of competencies of practitioners regarding sport event management in South Africa, v) to provide a background on the current education system in South Africa and vi) provide guidelines for sport event management training in higher education institutions at various HEQF levels (DoL, 2008) to address the competencies required by managers for the South African context. The research design is descriptive in nature, with quantitative methods in the form of questionnaires utilised to collect the data. The sample includes trainers¹ from HEIs in South Africa offering sport event management, and subsequently sport event management, as well as practitioners² from HEIs in South Africa and sport event managers from selected sport companies in Gauteng.