Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal examinar papel de diversas variáveis econômicas (taxa de câmbio efetiva real, renda interna, renda externa, termos de troca e produtividade total dos fatores) sobre o saldo da balança comercial do complexo agroindustrial brasileiro, considerado no agregado, no período de 1970 a 2002. Para essa análise, recorreu-se a um modelo teórico, denominado IS-TB, que fundamentou a especificação dos modelos econométricos. A ferramenta econométrica utilizada foi a regressão linear múltipla. Os modelos foram ajustados por mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO). As elasticidades encontradas apresentaram sinais e magnitudes coerentes com o modelo econômico proposto. A renda externa mostrou ser a variável mais variante na explicação (do ponto de vista estatístico) das variações relativas observadas no saldo da balança comercial do complexo agroindustrial brasileiro. Por outro lado, a renda interna e a produtividade total dos fatores não foram estatisticamente significantes. Em suma, os resultados confirmam a importância do setor agroindustrial no processo de ajustamento da balança comercial total. / The goal of this dissertation is to examine the role of selected economic variables (real effective exchange rate, domestic income, foreing income, terms of trade and total factor prodictivity) on the Brazilian agribusiness trade balance from 1970 to 2002. The analysis is based on a theoretical model, named IS-TB, which sustained the specification of econometric models. The econometric tool employed was a multiple linear regression. The models were adjusted by ordinary least squares (OLS). Signs and magnitudes of the estimated elasticities were according to ours expectations, based on the economic relations of the proposed model. The foreign income showed to have the greatest relative influence (from a stastistical point of view) on the Brazilian agribusiness trade balance. On the other hand, domestic income and total factor productivity were not statistically significant. Overall, the results support the relevance of agribusiness sector on adjusting total trade balance of the country.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o entendimento sobre a produtividade na agricultura brasileira, bem como propõe uma reflexão sobre o debate da produtividade total dos fatores. Para isso, buscou-se, antes de tudo, debater as medidas de produtividade, sobretudo as medidas de produtividade total dos fatores e, em seguida, apresentar estimativas da produtividade total na agricultura no Brasil e no mundo. Propõem-se também uma estimativa preliminar dessa metodologia para o cálculo da produtividade total dos fatores na cultura do milho através do índice de Tornqvist. O objetivo é, então, revisar a literatura teórica e empírica sobre a produtividade total dos fatores na agricultura e calcular as produtividades parciais e totais na cultura do milho para os estados brasileiros. Apesar da maior parte dos resultados encontrados no cálculo da produtividade total para a cultura do milho no Brasil não terem sido consistentes, a conclusão geral do levantamento bibliográfico foi que tanto a agricultura brasileira quanto a agricultura mundial, independente da metodologia utilizada, apresentou uma tendência ao crescimento da produtividade total dos fatores. / This study aims to contribute to the understanding of productivity in Brazilian agriculture and proposes a reflection on the debate of total factor productivity. For this, it was decided, first of all, to discuss productivity measures, particularly measures of total factor productivity and then provide estimates of total productivity in agriculture in Brazil and worldwide. A preliminary estimate of this methodology was also proposed of total factor productivity of corn using the Tornqvist index. The goal is to review the theoretical and empirical literature on total factor productivity in agriculture and calculate partial and total yields in corn to the Brazilian states. Although most of the results in the calculation of total yield for corn in Brazil were not consistent, the general conclusion of the literature was, both Brazilian agriculture as agriculture worldwide, regardless of the methodology used, tended to growth of total factor productivity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal examinar papel de diversas variáveis econômicas (taxa de câmbio efetiva real, renda interna, renda externa, termos de troca e produtividade total dos fatores) sobre o saldo da balança comercial do complexo agroindustrial brasileiro, considerado no agregado, no período de 1970 a 2002. Para essa análise, recorreu-se a um modelo teórico, denominado IS-TB, que fundamentou a especificação dos modelos econométricos. A ferramenta econométrica utilizada foi a regressão linear múltipla. Os modelos foram ajustados por mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO). As elasticidades encontradas apresentaram sinais e magnitudes coerentes com o modelo econômico proposto. A renda externa mostrou ser a variável mais variante na explicação (do ponto de vista estatístico) das variações relativas observadas no saldo da balança comercial do complexo agroindustrial brasileiro. Por outro lado, a renda interna e a produtividade total dos fatores não foram estatisticamente significantes. Em suma, os resultados confirmam a importância do setor agroindustrial no processo de ajustamento da balança comercial total. / The goal of this dissertation is to examine the role of selected economic variables (real effective exchange rate, domestic income, foreing income, terms of trade and total factor prodictivity) on the Brazilian agribusiness trade balance from 1970 to 2002. The analysis is based on a theoretical model, named IS-TB, which sustained the specification of econometric models. The econometric tool employed was a multiple linear regression. The models were adjusted by ordinary least squares (OLS). Signs and magnitudes of the estimated elasticities were according to ours expectations, based on the economic relations of the proposed model. The foreign income showed to have the greatest relative influence (from a stastistical point of view) on the Brazilian agribusiness trade balance. On the other hand, domestic income and total factor productivity were not statistically significant. Overall, the results support the relevance of agribusiness sector on adjusting total trade balance of the country.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o entendimento sobre a produtividade na agricultura brasileira, bem como propõe uma reflexão sobre o debate da produtividade total dos fatores. Para isso, buscou-se, antes de tudo, debater as medidas de produtividade, sobretudo as medidas de produtividade total dos fatores e, em seguida, apresentar estimativas da produtividade total na agricultura no Brasil e no mundo. Propõem-se também uma estimativa preliminar dessa metodologia para o cálculo da produtividade total dos fatores na cultura do milho através do índice de Tornqvist. O objetivo é, então, revisar a literatura teórica e empírica sobre a produtividade total dos fatores na agricultura e calcular as produtividades parciais e totais na cultura do milho para os estados brasileiros. Apesar da maior parte dos resultados encontrados no cálculo da produtividade total para a cultura do milho no Brasil não terem sido consistentes, a conclusão geral do levantamento bibliográfico foi que tanto a agricultura brasileira quanto a agricultura mundial, independente da metodologia utilizada, apresentou uma tendência ao crescimento da produtividade total dos fatores. / This study aims to contribute to the understanding of productivity in Brazilian agriculture and proposes a reflection on the debate of total factor productivity. For this, it was decided, first of all, to discuss productivity measures, particularly measures of total factor productivity and then provide estimates of total productivity in agriculture in Brazil and worldwide. A preliminary estimate of this methodology was also proposed of total factor productivity of corn using the Tornqvist index. The goal is to review the theoretical and empirical literature on total factor productivity in agriculture and calculate partial and total yields in corn to the Brazilian states. Although most of the results in the calculation of total yield for corn in Brazil were not consistent, the general conclusion of the literature was, both Brazilian agriculture as agriculture worldwide, regardless of the methodology used, tended to growth of total factor productivity.

The objective of this study is to identify knowledge spillovers that spread across regions in Europe and vary in magnitude for different industries. The study uses a panel of 203 NUTS-2 regions covering the 15 pre-2004 EU-member-states to estimate the impact over the period 1998-2003, and distinguish between five major industries. The study implements a fixed effects panel data regression model with spatial autocorrelation to estimate effects using patent applications as a measure of R&D output to capture the contribution of R&D (direct and spilled-over) to regional productivity at the industry level. The results suggest that interregional knowledge spillovers and their productivity effects are to a substantial degree geographically localised and this finding is consistent with the localisation hypothesis of knowledge spillovers. There is a substantial amount of heterogeneity across industries with evidence that two industries (electronics, and chemical industries) produce interregional knowledge spillovers that have positive and highly significant productivity effects. The study, moreover, confirms the importance of spatial autoregressive disturbance in the fixed effects model for measuring the TFP impact of interregional knowledge spillovers at the industry level. (authors' abstract)

This diploma paper discusses the importance of implementation of capital into the system national accounts. The purpose of this work is an estimation of capital services for real data of the Czech Republic. Conducted its own calculation is first such comprehensive estimate of the capital services, which was made. The diploma paper is divided into three parts. In the first part there is a explaination of concept of capital services and the methods of estimation and possible ways of calculating the necessary data. In the second part there is already done my own calculations of estimate of capital services used the methodology recommended by the OECD, but subject to certain adjustments, which are better suited to national conditions. Due to the volume of data all the calculations are listed in the Annex. In the text work is illustrative example of one sector of economic activity and the economy as a whole. The last section deals with experimental estimates of impact of capital services on macroeconomic aggregates, particularly gross domestic product. Other possibilities obtained an estimate of capital services, it is possible to estimate multi-factor productivity. Capital services can be used to express the input of capital.

The objective of this thesis is to compare performances of companies operating in regulated industries.The selected industries are natural gas and electricity distribution, water and sewerage systems operation and railway maintenance. Two methodological approaches are used throughout the thesis, each in its own part. The first one focuses on the financial analysis, while the other one uses the total factor productivity analysis. The latter is based on physical units typical for their respective sectors. As the conclusion of this thesis both approaches and the results of individual companies are compared.

The aims of the dissertation thesis are to provide the comprehensive economic-statistical viewpoint on the issue of estimating labour productivity and total factor productivity; to evaluate the quality of the available data sources and to test the usage of new inputs to the production function in the Czech Republic. The first chapter provides a theoretical basis for subsequent estimates of labour productivity and total factor productivity. The second and third chapters concentrate on a detailed definition of data sources and definitions of input and output indicators in the production function. Moreover, the second chapter introduces new approaches to the estimation of the input indicators to the production function (labour services, capital services). The fourth chapter deals with estimates of labour productivity. Specifically, the relationship of labour productivity and educational structures are examined as well as estimates for regions of the Czech Republic and estimates for non-market industry that do not allow the use of the traditional approach. The fifth chapter focuses on possible particularization and improvement of the estimation of total factor productivity using new input variables. The same chapter further compares the index number approach and econometric approach including the test of constant returns to scale. The estimation of total factor productivity in individual Czech regions is also part of the chapter.

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This paper investigates the impact of the increased off-shoring in business and manufacturing to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Since the off-shoring process is a relatively new activity, there is no precise definition of how to measure its direct impact on a country’s economy. Thus the study is dedicated to identify the main economic factors associated with off-shoring and to examine their impact on the economic growth. The study has used a dataset on economic characteristics for 9 CEE countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia) during the time period of 2000 - 2008. After applying fixed and random effects econometric model to the panel data for 9 countries, empirical results showed that FDI inflows that enter the country with offshoring processes have a positive influence on the GDP of those countries. Additionally, exports of manufactured products and ICT services are also shown to have a positive influence on GDP. At the same time, indigenous investments and private consumption do have a stronger impact on economic growth compared to foreign direct investments and exports, respectively.