The intention of this study is to demonstrate how special modal and tonal constructions and their interactions in Cuatro Piezas Españoles (1906-1909) are basic in the integration of Manuel de Falla's musical language. His modal techniques represent a significant contribution to the rebirth of Spanish nationalism. His use of modal variants, which are derived from his native folk-music sources, is the basis for expanding his musical language into a large-scale system. In this work, Falla employs various means of transforming the modes into a modernistic idiom. Falla' Cuatro Piezas Españoles is considered his first major piano work, in which he arrived at a technical command and maturity in both compositional and pianistic practices. He had begun composing Cuatro Piezas Españoles in 1906 in Madrid and completed them in Paris. The four pieces, "Aragonesa," "Cubana," "Montañesa," and "Andaluza," were published by Durand in 1909. Although Falla wrote few piano works in general, Cuatro Piezas Españoles is exemplary of his development from Romantic tonality to the modalities of Spanish folk music. Thus, the study of Cuatro Piezas Españoles seems to be an ideal compositional source for evaluating Falla's compositional process during the period of integration of his musical language. This treatise demonstrates how special modal and tonal constructions and their synthesis basic in the formulation and interoperation of the composer's means of expression. In the introductory chapter, I explored Falla's musical language, focusing on the historical background, modal constrictions in Spanish folk music, and the influence of Debussy. Chapters two to five contain the analyses of each piece of Cuatro Piezas Españoles, respectively. The result of the study is summarized in the conclusion. / text

Orientadores: Jose Roberto Zan, Yvan Nommick / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T03:11:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chernavsky_Analia_D.pdf: 4263784 bytes, checksum: f2595efdd163424c81cf1787a8dbb514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe um estudo do nacionalismo musical a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa. As trajetórias e as obras de dois grandes ícones da música do século XX, Heitor Villa-Lobos e Manuel de Falla, identificados como os maiores expoentes do nacionalismo em seus países, dão fundamento a esta comparação. Em primeiro lugar, estudamos como algumas "constâncias" identificadas pelos estudiosos do fenômeno do nacionalismo se manifestaram no Brasil e na Espanha. Em seguida, a partir das trajetórias de nossas duas personagens principais, observamos como os ideais nacionalistas se desenvolvem nesses países, e quais foram as soluções propostas em cada caso para os problemas da criação de uma identidade musical nacional. Nesse sentido, observamos como, à medida em que os ideais nacionalistas ganham contornos mais nítidos, as trajetórias de Villa-Lobos e Falla, que haviam partido de um início de carreira semelhante e que tiveram Paris como uma primeira rota de fuga, vão progressivamente se distanciando. Se Falla, por um lado, para concretizar o seu projeto nacionalista, prefere a reclusão e a atuação nos bastidores do meio musical espanhol, Villa-Lobos, por outro, insere-se no aparato público, comandando um grande programa disciplinador das massas através da doutrina do canto orfeônico. A apreciação musical das obras também nos ajudam a entender as respostas musicais dadas por esses compositores ao problema da criação de uma identidade nacional. Ao longo de suas trajetórias, estas obras ganham novos contornos que finalmente acabam por servir de parâmetros para as gerações seguintes de músicos brasileiros e espanhóis / Abstract: This work comprises a study of musical nationalism from a comparative perspective founded in the careers and works of two icons of 20th-century music, Heitor Villa-Lobos and Manuel de Falla, who are considered the greatest exponents of musical nationalism in their countries. First, it considers how "continuities" of nationalism, as identified by scholars, have manifested themselves in Brazil and Spain. Later, from the career paths of both musicians, it observes how nationalistic ideals developed in the two countries, and what solutions were proposed for the problems put forward by the creation of a national musical identity in each case. In this sense, it notes how, as the nationalistic ideals gained clearer definition, the paths of Villa-Lobos and Falla, who faced similar beginnings to their careers and shared Paris as their first escape, progressed. Whereas Falla, achieved his nationalistic project in reclusion, preferring to remain behind the scenes of the Spanish musical environment, Villa-Lobos inserted himself in the governmental machine, commanding a huge program to discipline the masses through the doctrine of Orpheonic singing. The musical appreciation of their works also helps us understand the musical answers given by those composers to the problem of creating a national identity. Finally, through their careers, these works acquire other features that are useful as parameters for subsequent generations of Brazilian and Spanish musicians / Doutorado / Doutor em Música

Cristóbal Halffter, born in 1930, established himself as an important figure in Spanish avant-garde composition in the middle of the twentieth-century. As one of the prominent leaders of the Generación del 51, he helped establish modernity in music as a part of Spain's identity. His compositional style mixing tradition with the avant-garde was built on the success and breakthrough of Manuel de Falla, a composer with close ties to Halffter's family and served as a 'father figure' to the Generación del 51. This study begins with a discussion on Falla's work and reception, as he lay the groundwork for modernism in Spanish music. Further, discussion on Halffter's background and compositional periods, from his nationalist approach in the 1950s to his embrace of the avant-garde in the 1960s and beyond exemplifies Halffter's prominent role in shaping Spanish modernity. This research then sheds light on previously unexplored solo flute works Debla [Solo VI] for Flute and Studie II [Solo III] for Flute by Halffter. Provided is insight to their respective influences (the Spanish debla and the Fibonacci sequence), analysis of each work, and a discussion on their similarities and differences. By taking an informative approach prior to analysis and performance suggestions, readers will gain insight to Halffter's Spanish roots as they relate to nationalism and the avant-garde, his affiliation with the Generación del 51, and his compositional style.

This survey presents a transcription for horn and piano of Siete Canciones populares Españolas (Seven Popular Spanish Songs) by Manuel de Falla (1876-1946). Siete Canciones populares was written originally for voice and piano and previous transcriptions with different instrumentation have been published after the original work. In order to provide a faithful representation in my version, my study explores three main subjects: the style of Manuel de Falla; the significance of Siete Canciones; and the composer's horn writing in his orchestral work The Three-Cornered Hat. The solo horn repertoire originates in the central European countries and remains a product of their traditions until the second half of the twentieth century, when it was broadened by composers worldwide. My transcription helps to fill a gap in the repertoire for horn and piano by Spanish composers before 1950. It will serve as both a resource for horn players and a valuable contribution to horn recital repertoire.