Multiple myeloma is a painful and uncurable malignant disease with an increasing incidence and mortality in several countries, e.g., Sweden. Some factors are suspected to be of aetiological significance, such as ionising radiation and chronic antigenic stimulation in certain inflammatory diseases. A familial factor has also been indicated. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated farming as an occupation entailing an increased risk for the disease. The aim of this investigation was to further elucidate the impact of different aetiological factors in relation to multiple myeloma. The knowledge of aetiology is always a prerequisite for prevention. A case-control study on multiple myeloma was performed in a high-inddence area, the northern part of Sweden. One part of this study dealt with occupations and different exposures. The results supported farming as being an occupation with an increased risk. Within farming two kinds of pesticides, phenoxyacetic adds and DDT, and contact with certain domestic animals, i.e., cattle, horses and goats, were assodated with multiple myeloma. Farming as a risk factor was also confirmed by a register-based linkage study using the Swedish Cancer Environment Register. In this study a time trend was indicated, with increasing standardized inddence ratios over the different time periods studied. Another part of the case-control study showed that rheumatoid arthritis entailed an increased risk for multiple myeloma, a finding earlier suggested from register-based linkage studies, but not from any çase-control study. A third part of the case-control study indicated an increased risk for multiple myeloma if any first-degree relative had a history of haematological malignancy, or other malignant tumour, espedally prostatic cancer, brain tumour, and renal cancer. A case study encompassing 942 patients with haematological malignandes in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, during a 22-year period showed that about 5% of the patients had at least one relative who also suffered from such a disease. An espedally strong familial occurrence was found in the group of chronic lymphoprohferative diseases, including multiple myeloma. / <p>S. 1-69: sammanfattning, s. 71-129: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

BAKGRUND: Psykisk ohälsa bland unga kvinnor är ett folkhälsoproblem. Anorexia nervosa kategoriseras in som en psykisk sjukdom. Anorexia nervosa drabbar främst unga kvinnor, vilket exempelvis kan bero på tidigare händelser i livet som gett upphov till psykisk obalans i deras vardag. SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka sociokulturella orsaker som bidrar till utvecklingen av Anorexia nervosa bland flickor och unga kvinnor i åldrarna 12-25 år. METOD: En literaturstudie utfördes, som baseras på 21 olika vetenskapliga artiklar. Databaserna som användes var pubmed och psycinfo. Temaanalys användes och artiklarna kategoriserades in i huvudteman och underteman. RESULTAT: Resultatet i studien delades in i två huvudkategorier, med två underkategorier vardera. Sociala orsaker till uppkomsten av Anorexia nervosa: skola och ungdomskultur, samt bristande familjerelationer. Mediala orsaker till uppkomsten av Anorexia nervosa: exponering av unga kvinnors idealkroppar och negativ inspiration på internet. Olika orsaker bidrar till utvecklingen av Anorexia nervosa. Sociokulturella orsaker, mediala orsaker, familjära orsaker och kulturella orsaker samspelar och bidrar tillsammans till en utveckling av sjukdomen. IMPLIKATION: Exempelvis kan man studera de olika orsakerna på en mer specifik nivå och studera varje enskild orsak för sig. Studien kan också användas som en form av inspiration som stärker betydelsen av att hälsofrämjande åtgärder för psykisk ohälsa sätts i fokus. / BACKGROUND: Mental illness among young woman is a public health problem. Anorexia nervosa is categorized as a mental illness. Young woman affected by Anorexia nervosa, wich for example may be due to earlier life events that gave rise to mental imbalance in their everyday lives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the socio-cultural reasons that contribute to the development of Anorexia nervosa among girls and young women 12-25 years. METHOD: The study is a literature review, based on 21 differens aricles. The method has been to look up earlier research in the area through various databases on the internet. Databases that have been used is pubmed and psycinfo. The articles were divided into different themes, with main category and subcategory. RESULTS: The results of the study was divided into two main categories each with two subcategories. Social causes for the occurrence of Anorexia nervosa: School and youth culture and the second was lack of family relationship. Media reasons in the emergence of Anorexia nervosa: Media image of the feminine ideal and negative inspiration on the internet. Socio-cultural reasons, medial reasons, family reasons, and cultural reasons. IMPLICATION: For example, one can study the various reason in a more specific level, and studying each factors separately. The study can also be used as a form of inspiration that reinforces the importance of health promotion activities for mental illness is the focus.