In the current literature base of social-emotional development in early childhood there exists a paucity of research of empathy development due to the complicated nature of empathy in young children. The present study utilizes a preexisting dataset from a local therapeutic preschool program, and its methods include visual analysis, correlations, and independent samples t-tests. Results of the present study found that clinical behavior patterns negatively correlate with empathy development. Further, statistically significant group differences exist in affective empathy for children whose parents have a mental health diagnosis. However, results regarding adaptive skills were not found to be statistically significant. The present study contributes and expands the current literature base by exploring empathy development among a clinical sample of preschool-age children. The present study is also unique in its incorporation of specific family factors. / School of Education; / School Psychology / PhD; / Dissertation;

This study investigated the impact of family factors on individual differences in the social and emotional development of children with autism and their families. Based on the modifier model hypothesis suggested by Mundy, Henderson, Inge, and Coman (2007), family factors may serve as a modifier that contributes to the variability in the phenotypic presentation of children with higher functioning autism. Results indicated that Expressed Emotion (EE) was associated with parent-reported hyperactivity and anxiety in children and adolescents. Family cohesion was associated with parent-reported aggression and depression. These results differed for typically developing and HFA children; higher EE or lower cohesion was associated with greater impairment in the HFA group and less impairment in the typically developing children. Family factors were not associated with social symptoms, indicating these effects may be more related to the development of comorbidity than to the core symptoms of autism. Expressed emotion was related meaningfully to neutral attributions on the FMSS and provided validity for the measure. Family factors were not associated with parental stress, which was not expected. Implications for clinical interventions and future directions are discussed.

There is a large body of literature that examines the association between parental psychopathology and child ADHD. The strength of the relationship varies across studies due to differences between the sample characteristics and methodologies utilized. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the strength of the association between parental psychopathology and ADHD to review the research findings and to establish the degree and size of the effect. The present study included published and unpublished research that considered a quantitative comparison between parental psychopathology status or symptomatology and child ADHD status or symptomatology. Parents of children with ADHD had higher rates of psychopathology symptoms than parents of children without ADHD (d = 0.39; 95% CI [0.31, 0.48], p < .001, k = 32). Approximately 16.96% of parents of children with ADHD had a mental disorder (95% CI [14.37, 19.91], p < .001, k = 49). Parents of children with ADHD had 2.85 times the odds of parents of children without ADHD of having a mental disorder (95% CI [1.77, 4.59], p < .001, k = 18). Type of publication was the only moderator analysis that was statistically significant (Q = 5.70, p = .017, k = 21). Unpublished reports were associated with larger effect sizes in comparison to published journal articles; however, two of the unpublished reports were identified as outliers. Clinicians and researchers will benefit from the results of this research by developing a better understanding of impact parental psychopathology may have on treatment outcomes. / October 2015

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No description available.

No description available.

De nos jours la consommation de drogue est un phénomène sanitaire, mental et social. Cependant elle a existé de tout temps. L'usage des drogues licites et illicites chez les adolescents a connu une progression notable au cours des dernières décennies, au point que la drogue est devenue un problème sérieux sur la santé physique, psychologique et sociale. Ce qui reste le plus considérable réside dans l'augmentation du nombre des toxicomanes, et la décroissance de l’âge de la première consommation, ce qui est toujours inquiétant pour les familles et les responsableschargés de la prise en charge des adolescents. La famille est le premier environnement culturel pour les enfants. D'autres institutions sociales ont eu à jouer ce rôle, mais aucune n'a pu entreprendre parfaitement la tâche de façon efficace. Étant donné qu'une société saine dépend de l'équilibre et de la santé des familles, en vérité l'origine, ou la source, de la déviance et de la délinquance sociale se trouvent à l'intérieur de la cellule familiale. [etc.] / The consumption of drugs is the phenomenon of health, mental and social development of our days has obviously always existed. The use of licit and illicit drugs among youths has been a notable increase in recent decades that it is a serious problem on the physical, psychological and social healthy. The increase of the numbers of addicts and the declining age of them, which is always worrisome to families and responsible are very significant. The family is the first cultural environment for children. Despite the time it attributes much of his duties to the other social institutions, but any institutions could not undertake these functions perfectly. Whereas the health of society is dependent on family health, and indeed the originalsource of many of the social deviance and delinquency are within this social unit. [etc.]

A literatura apresenta aspectos psicossociais e familiares como fatores de risco associados ao adoecimento crônico infantil. Considera-se a Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico (DRGE), patologia crônica de grande prevalência e incidência na população pediátrica, portanto, tema relevante nas questões e estudos de saúde pública. Este estudo levantou as possíveis associações de alterações psicológicas de cuidadores e de crianças, de 3 a 12 anos, com DRGE. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: Questionário Sócio demográfico, Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD), Escala de Qualidade da Interação Familiar (EQIF), Inventário de Estilos Parentais, Escala de Comportamento Infantil (ECI-A2 de Rutter) e uma Entrevista Semiestruturada. Foram aplicados nos cuidadores de três grupos, de crianças com sexo e idades equitativas, distribuídos da seguinte forma: Grupo 1 - Experimental: crianças com DRGE primário; Grupo 2 - Controle 1: crianças sem DRGE, porém com constipação intestinal crônica funcional, e Grupo 3 - Controle 2: crianças hígidas. Para a análise dos dados, foi adotado índice de significância p<=0,005 e foram realizadas: análises quantitativas (Teste ?2, Teste Exato de Fisher e ANOVA) e análises qualitativas (Teste ?2, Teste Exato de Fisher) dos dados obtidos. Observou-se fatores de risco psicossociais, nível de ansiedade e depressão do cuidador, qualidade de interação negativa com a criança, e tendência maior ao estilo parental autoritário e menor ao estilo parental participativo, mais frequentes no grupo de crianças com DRGE. Por outro lado, encontrou-se maior frequência de uso/abuso de álcool e/ou drogas, nos cuidadores dos grupos de crianças adoecidas crônicas em relação ao de normais. Na análise final da escala de comportamento infantil, as crianças classificadas como \"com demanda de acompanhamento psicológico ou/e psiquiátrico\", representaram maiores índices no grupo de crianças com DRGE, quando comparado aos outros grupos. Também observou-se diferença significativa nos perfis comportamentais, neurótico e antissocial, das crianças em cada grupo. Na entrevista, observou-se, os cuidadores com percepção limitada em relação às questões afetivas das crianças ou de si mesmos, quando comparadas às dos outros instrumentos. Notou-se, também, diferença da percepção dos cuidadores sobre a relação entre a prática de cuidados exercida por eles e os fatores associados ao adoecimento da criança, quando se comparou o grupo de crianças adoecidas com o grupo de normais. Identificou-se diferenças e peculiaridades entre os grupos de crianças adoecidas e normais, bem como especificidades do grupo de crianças com DRGE, quando comparado aos demais. Dessa forma, sugere-se estudos mais aprofundados nas especificidades encontradas, principalmente, nas crianças com DRGE, visando direcionar a prática clínica interdisciplinar de assistência à saúde desta população. / The literature presents psychosocial and family aspects as risk factors associated with childhood chronic illness. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is considered a chronic disease of great prevalence and incidence in the pediatric population, therefore, a relevant topic in public health issues and studies. This study raised the possible associations of psychological changes of caregivers and children, from 3 to 12 years old, with GERD. The instruments of data collection were: Demographic Socio Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Family Interaction Quality Scale (EQIF), Inventory of Parenting Styles, Infant Behavior Scale (ECI-A2 by Rutter) Semi structured interview. Group 1 - Experimental: children with primary GERD; Group 1 - Experimental: children with primary GERD; Group 2 - Control 1: children without GERD, but with functional chronic intestinal constipation, and Group 3 - Control 2: healthy children. For the data analysis, a significance level of p<=0.005 was adopted and quantitative analyzes (?2 Test, Fisher\'s Exact Test and ANOVA) and qualitative analyzes (?2 Test, Fisher\'s Exact Test) of the data were performed. Psychosocial risk factors, anxiety and depression of the caregiver, quality of negative interaction with the child, and a tendency towards authoritarian parental style and lesser participatory parental style, were more frequent in the group of children with GERD. On the other hand, there was a higher frequency of alcohol/drug use/abuse in the caregivers of the groups of children with chronic illness compared to normal ones. In the final analysis of the children\'s behavior scale, children classified as having \"psychological and/or psychiatric follow-up demand\" represented the highest rates in the group of children with GERD when compared to the other groups. There was also a significant difference in the behavioral, neurotic and antisocial profiles of children in each group. In the interview, it was observed, caregivers with limited perception regarding the affective issues of the children or of themselves, when compared to the other instruments. Differences in caregivers\' perceptions about the relationship between their care practice and the factors associated with the illness of the child were also observed when comparing the group of children who were ill with the normal group. Differences and peculiarities were identified between the groups of sick and normal children, as well as specificities of the group of children with GERD, when compared to the others. Thus, we suggest more in-depth studies on the specificities found, especially in children with GERD, in order to direct the interdisciplinary clinical practice of health care in this population.

The purpose of the current study was to examine personal cognitive variables (adolescents&rsquo / beliefs supporting aggression, adolescents&rsquo / self-efficacy for alternatives to aggression, and adolescents&rsquo / personal value on achievement) as potential mediators of the relationship between perceived family factors (parental support for aggression, family conflict, and parental monitoring) and adolescents physical aggression among Turkish adolescents living in Ankara. Volunteered students (2443 sixth, seventh, and eighth graders) from randomly selected schools (36 primary school) participated in the study. Physical Aggression Scale, Beliefs Supporting Aggression Scale, Self- efficacy for Alternatives to Aggression Scale, Personal Value on Achievement Scale, Parent Adolescent Relationship-Monitoring Scale, Parental Support for Aggression Scale, and Family Conflict Scale were used in the data collection. Results of the SEM analyses showed that the models adequately described the data for the sample of male and female adolescents and the fit indices were all within the acceptable thresholds. When considering the explained variance in physical aggression / the latent model accounted for 48% of the variance in physical aggression among girls and 40% of the variance in physical aggression among boys. In general, the results suggested that the influence of perceived family factors on physical aggression can be mediated by personal cognitive factors. Moreover, the patterns of interactions and the strength of the relationships differed in boys and girls model. The results revealed that the proposed model of physical aggression, which was based on integration of problem behavior theory (Jessor, 1987) and social information processing model (Huesmann, 1998) was supported by the data.

Thyroid cancer constitutes about 1% of all malignant tumours and the incidence is increasing in Sweden. It is rare in children before the age of 10. During puberty the female to male ratio increases to be two to three times more common in females. The ratio remains constant until menopause and thereafter declines. The etiology of this gender-dependent incidence difference is unclear. Ionizing radiation is the only well-established risk factor for the disease, while the impact of other etiological factors is not clear. A retrospective study based upon medical records of 218 females and 91 males with papillary, mixed or follicular types of thyroid cancer was conducted. Prognostic factors were compared by multivariate analysis using Cox's semiparametric hazard model. Differences in prognosis between women and men were found. There was a higher relapse rate and mortality risk among men. Distant metastasis, age &gt;50 years, regional lymph node metastasis, low or moderate differentiation, and tumour related symptoms at diagnosis were also independent factors related to increased tumour mortality risk. A population-based case-control study including 180 cases and 360 controls was carried out to identify risk factors for thyroid cancer. Information on exposure was obtained by mailed questionnaires. The first part of the study investigated connections between medical ionizing radiation and thyroid cancer. The results showed that diagnostic X rays were a significant risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer in women between 20 and 50 years at diagnosis. Exposure to iodine-131 caused no increased risk for thyroid cancer. The result supports that external radiotherapy is a risk factor for thyroid cancer in women. The second part of the case-control study dealt with occupation and different exposures. Work with diagnostic X-ray investigations and work as a lineman was associated with thyroid cancer. Exposure to impregnating agents increased the risk. The third part of this study showed that one pregnancy increased the risk for papillary thyroid cancer. A medical history of asthma or allergy decreased the risk. Another case-control study using medical records as the source for assessment of exposure gave a non significantly increased risk for thyroid cancer in patients who had been treated with external radiotherapy including the thyroid gland. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 5 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu