Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Laurentino dos Santos.pdf: 3682206 bytes, checksum: 7984e0433101d074427aac04177a219c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This is a quanti-qualitative study of the nature of a participative intervention with low-income families (IPVS 4) carried out within the NGO Associação Meninos do Morumbi (Boys from Morumbi Association), located in the Southern District of the city of São Paulo Brazil. It had as its objective to understand the meaning attributed by parents from low-income families to the participation in Grupos Reflexivos (Reflective Groups), and also how this experience impacted the transformations of meanings, values and practices of educating children in the family. The theoretical framework employed was that of the New-Paradigmatic Systemic Thinking, which takes into account the dimensions of complexity, intersubjectivity, and unpredictability of phenomena. The study was conducted in several stages with different methodological procedures, and consisted in (1) reflection groups, whose objective was of constituting an intervention context for the study; (2) focal groups with the objective of discussing in greater depth the most significant themes that emerged from the reflection groups concerning the changes perceived in the education of their children, and (3) Inventory of parental styles, which aimed at assessing how the meetings were influencing the change in frequency of some kinds of behavior regarded as important by the parents. Results point to the decrease in violence between parents and their children, to improvements in communication and affective ties, reduction of pressure and stress, and also to the significant learning of values, competences and psychosocial skills. These results argue in favor of the idea of constituting community group spaces to stimulate reflection about the issues involving the difficulties of educating children nowadays, under a dialogical proposal of coconstruction, in a climate of exchange of experiences and sharing. It made possible the development of conscience as a process of transformation of education practices, based on the free expression of differences, and on reflectivity as an identity process to face up to the crisis of values and to the challenges presented by post-modernity / Trata-se de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa de natureza participativa interventiva com famílias de baixa renda (IPVS 4), realizada na ONG Associação Meninos do Morumbi, localizada na Zona Sul da Cidade de São Paulo Brasil. Teve como objetivo compreender o significado atribuído por pais de famílias de baixa renda à participação em Grupos Reflexivos e como esta experiência interferiu nas transformações dos significados, valores e práticas de educar filhos na família. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico do Pensamento Sistêmico Novo-Paradigmático que considera as dimensões de complexidade, intersubjetividade e imprevisibilidade dos fenômenos. O estudo foi realizado em várias etapas com procedimentos metodológicos diversos, que consistiu em (1) grupos de reflexão, cujo objetivo foi constituir um contexto interventivo para o estudo; (2) grupos focais com o objetivo de discutir de modo mais aprofundado os temas mais significativos nas mudanças que perceberam na educação dos filhos que emergiram nos grupos de reflexão e (3) Inventário de estilos parentais que objetivou avaliar como os encontros estavam refletindo na mudança de freqüência de alguns comportamentos considerados como importantes para os pais. Os resultados apontam para a diminuição das violências entre pais e filhos, melhora da comunicação e dos vínculos afetivos, diminuição da pressão e do estresse, bem como a aprendizagem significativa de valores, competências e habilidades psicossociais. Tais resultados falam a favor de se constituir espaços grupais comunitários para permitir a reflexão sobre as questões que envolvem as dificuldades de educar filhos hoje, numa proposta dialógica de co-construção, em um clima de troca de experiências e compartilhamento. Isto possibilitou o desenvolvimento da consciência como processo de transformação das práticas educativas, baseado na livre expressão das diferenças e na reflexividade como processo identitário para enfrentar a crise de valores e os desafios impostos pela pós-modernidade

The aim of the master thesis is to understand how neighborhood, family and school influence on the educational attainment of young people. Within the scope of this work, I conducted thirty two in-depth interviews with youth living in the G&uuml / zelyaka gecekondu (squatter) neighborhood in Ankara. Gecekondu neighborhoods are residential areas where rural migrants might initially or permanently move when they come to the city in order to improve their life standards. However, many of them have to survive here against conditions such as poverty and the insufficiency of social services during the early years of their migration. Nevertheless, families can develop survival strategies based on self-help networks like kinship and hemSehri (people with same geographic origins) connections. Throughout this master thesis, I discuss how young people&rsquo / s interactions within the disadvantaged neighborhoods, school climate around the neighborhood, family background, conditions at home and parental involvement influence the educational attainment of youth The research revealed that despite the specific conditions of gecekondu neighborhoods and heterogeneity amongst working class families, there is little variation in educational attainment of the youth. The main reason for this low level of educational attainment is the poverty they experienced or are still experiencing at home. While such poverty may compel them to take up positions in the labor market participation early in life, the influence of peer groups also discourages school attendance, as the environment is one in which schools provide neither a good quality education, nor a competitive educational environment. Furthermore, poverty, the disadvantaged nature of the neighborhood and the strength of the family network among the residents all serve to reproduce the inferior value of iv education in their life. On the other hand, family practices regarding education vary with the transformation towards a nuclear family life, improvement in household income and with increasing length of stay. Early migrant families who have better life standards are more likely to encourage their children to stay in school in order to find regular income jobs than are newcomer families who need a supplement to the family budget since they are exposed to the worst conditions in the neighborhood. The younger parents among early migrant families are more involved in their children&rsquo / s schooling, and provide personal space for their children, enabling them to adequately complete school work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SUELEN GARCIA.pdf: 1131275 bytes, checksum: fafbee1a587c9e212004d7cf147b52a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / The modern world coexist with deep inequalities of various orders. On the one hand, groups thrive through access to material, cultural and political goods, made possible largely by the rapid advancement of technology. On the other hand, are private groups of these goods and relegated to the deep poverty. Among these, is the family farmers, still deeply affected by poverty that characterizes much of the brazilian rural area. Insistent public policies focused on efforts to minimize this framework of inequality, taking as a means of solution, almost always, the criterion of per capita income and groups located. However, recent studies point to the multiplicity of the concept of poverty. Disproving the predominant way of dealing with the problem of poverty and the development of these marginalized groups, there are theses alternatives, among which is the Theory of the Expansion of Capabilities, founded by Amartya Sen, theoretical framework that has guided the research and the preparation of this dissertation. Thus, it was possible to the assumption that the development of human capabilities will allow us to expand/ qualification of its workings, understood as the knowledge that the human being has to possess, because the sought and the acquired so methodical, reflective and free. Considering that the rural reality is made up of different social groups and labor, depicting also the socioeconomic inequalities that exist in Brazil, it was defined stratum of family farming as boundaries for the research and the voice of family farmers as a source of information about this reality. Understanding the cooperative credit as a model of policy that serves both the demands instrumental in the fight against poverty as the policies for the promotion of entrepreneurship and the growth, we decided to move the research for the unveiling of the reality of a credit cooperative. Thus, we performed a case study of the Cooperative of Rural Credit with Supportive Interaction CRESOL, placing it in the Single Cooperative of Boa Vista, City of São Lourenço do Sul / Rio Grande do Sul. The research was justified in reason, also, hat the cooperative solidarity has been recognized as an efficient alternative for economic and social inclusion of people entrepreneurs need. This is mainly due to its methodology be considered appropriate for this public meeting, therefore, to the goal markedly social of cooperative of solidarity lending, or providing job opportunities and income to the farmer, enabling him to better living conditions / O mundo contemporâneo convive com profundas desigualdades de diversas ordens. Por um lado, prosperam grupos por meio do acesso aos bens materiais, culturais e políticos, possibilitados, em grande parte, pelo acelerado avanço das tecnologias. Por outro lado, se encontram grupos privados desses bens e relegados a profunda pobreza. Dentre esses, se encontra o dos agricultores familiares, ainda profundamente afetados pela pobreza que caracteriza grande parte da área rural brasileira. Insistentes políticas públicas centram esforços no sentido de minimizar esse quadro de desigualdade, tomando como via de solução, quase sempre, o critério da renda per capita e de grupos localizados. Todavia, estudos recentes apontam para a multiplicidade da concepção de pobreza. Refutando esse modo predominante de enfrentar a problemática da pobreza e do desenvolvimento desses grupos marginalizados, surgem teses alternativas, dentre as quais se encontra a Teoria da Expansão das Capacitações, fundamentada por Amartya Sen, referencial que orientou a pesquisa e a elaboração desta dissertação. Assim, firmou-se o pressuposto de que o desenvolvimento de capacidades do ser humano permitirá a ampliação/ qualificação de seus funcionamentos, entendidos estes como os saberes que o ser humano passou a possuir, porque os procurou e os adquiriu de modo metódico, reflexivo e livre. Considerando-se que a realidade rural se compõe por diferentes grupos sociais e laborais, retratando, também, as desigualdades socioeconômicas existentes no Brasil, definiu-se o estrato da agricultura familiar como delimitação para a pesquisa e a voz do agricultor familiar como fonte de informações acerca dessa realidade. Entendendo-se o crédito cooperativo como modelo de política que atende, tanto às demandas instrumentais de combate à pobreza quanto às políticas de fomento ao empreendedorismo e ao crescimento, optou-se por encaminhar a pesquisa para o desvelamento da realidade de uma cooperativa de crédito. Assim, foi realizado um estudo de caso da Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária CRESOL, situando-o na Cooperativa Singular de Boa Vista, Município de São Lourenço do Sul/Rio Grande do Sul. Justificou-se a pesquisa em razão, também, de que o cooperativismo solidário vem sendo reconhecido como eficiente alternativa para a inclusão econômica e social das populações empreendedoras carentes. Isso ocorre, principalmente, em razão de sua metodologia mostrar-se adequada a esse público, atendendo, consequentemente, ao objetivo marcadamente social do cooperativismo de crédito solidário, ou seja, propiciar oportunidades de trabalho e renda ao agricultor, possibilitando-lhe melhores condições de vida