The purpose of this inquiry was to determine if specific situational factors influence the manner in which number of children affect family life quality. Situational factors examined were: congruence between ideal number of children and actual; and secondly, expressed differences in family life quality by sex given similar conditional influences. Data were drawn from five recent U.S. national surveys. Sample one, which was used in examining the congruence concept, contained 778 individuals. The sample was divided into four groups, each represented varying degrees and direction of congruence between ideal number of children and actual. Dunn-Bonferroni a priori comparisons were used to compare mean family life satisfaction scores for selected groups. Findings indicated that differing degrees of congruence between ideal and actual number of children did not affect family life quality. A second sample of 1091 respondents was used to determine if women with young children reported lower family life satisfaction than comparable males. A t-test showed significant differences existed between males and females if a young child was present in the home. These findings indicate that young children have a detrimental effect on perceived family life quality for females. The two situational factors examined indicate that degree and direction of congruence between ideal and actual number of children does not influence family life quality. Secondly, young children inhibit perceived family life satisfaction among females. / Master of Science

It is the purpose of this study to determine if there is any difference in the choice of friends of children in smaller families as related to those in larger families.

La présente thèse est une étude approfondie de la productivité des noms composés français N-N, A-N, N-A et N-de-N du XVIIe au début du XXe siècle. La productivité morphologique des mots composés demeure un domaine très peu exploré, surtout en français. Les études antérieures sur la dérivation utilisent principalement la mesure de productivité basée sur les hapax, soulevant la question de savoir si l’application d’une seule méthode est suffisamment fiable pour évaluer la productivité en composition. Dans cette thèse, la productivité des composés est calculée au moyen de trois mesures différentes : la mesure P basée sur les hapax (Baayen et Lieber 1991; Baayen 1992), la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique (Baayen et Hay 2002) et la fréquence relative (Hay 2003). En outre, la productivité est analysée en tenant compte de la position de la tête morphologique et l’aspect régulier/irrégulier du composé. Je cherche à vérifier quatre hypothèses : 1) les composés réguliers sont plus productifs que les irréguliers ; 2) les N-N et N-de-N sont les types les plus productifs ; 3) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la fréquence relative ; 4) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique. Les hypothèses #1 et #4 sont confirmées par les résultats obtenus : les formes régulières exocentriques sont les plus productives et le taux de productivité le plus élevée coïncide avec la taille catégorielle la plus basse. L’hypothèse #2 a été appuyée partiellement à cause de données lacunaires pour le type N-de-N. Toutefois, la corrélation inverse entre la productivité et la fréquence relative n’est pas confirmée en composition. La thèse a apporté plusieurs contributions : l’étude diachronique de productivité en composition, l’utilisation de différentes méthodes statistiques et un corpus original de composés français qui comporte 15 types différents.

La présente thèse est une étude approfondie de la productivité des noms composés français N-N, A-N, N-A et N-de-N du XVIIe au début du XXe siècle. La productivité morphologique des mots composés demeure un domaine très peu exploré, surtout en français. Les études antérieures sur la dérivation utilisent principalement la mesure de productivité basée sur les hapax, soulevant la question de savoir si l’application d’une seule méthode est suffisamment fiable pour évaluer la productivité en composition. Dans cette thèse, la productivité des composés est calculée au moyen de trois mesures différentes : la mesure P basée sur les hapax (Baayen et Lieber 1991; Baayen 1992), la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique (Baayen et Hay 2002) et la fréquence relative (Hay 2003). En outre, la productivité est analysée en tenant compte de la position de la tête morphologique et l’aspect régulier/irrégulier du composé. Je cherche à vérifier quatre hypothèses : 1) les composés réguliers sont plus productifs que les irréguliers ; 2) les N-N et N-de-N sont les types les plus productifs ; 3) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la fréquence relative ; 4) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique. Les hypothèses #1 et #4 sont confirmées par les résultats obtenus : les formes régulières exocentriques sont les plus productives et le taux de productivité le plus élevée coïncide avec la taille catégorielle la plus basse. L’hypothèse #2 a été appuyée partiellement à cause de données lacunaires pour le type N-de-N. Toutefois, la corrélation inverse entre la productivité et la fréquence relative n’est pas confirmée en composition. La thèse a apporté plusieurs contributions : l’étude diachronique de productivité en composition, l’utilisation de différentes méthodes statistiques et un corpus original de composés français qui comporte 15 types différents.

by Lee Yuen Kum, Anna. / Bibliography: leaves 100-102 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

Because pronatalist sentiments may be an important aspect of Mexican-American ethnic heritage, this research focuses on cultural as well as socioeconomic factors which may contribute to higher Mexican-American fertility. Language use and nativity are used as indirect indicators of identification with an ethnic culture. Wives' characteristics are generally considered adequate to the study of couples' fertility, but in light of earlier research by the author indicating the importance of cultural factors to the fertility expectations of Mexican-American adolescent males, characteristics of husbands as well as wives are included in this analysis. For this reason, the sample, which is drawn from the 1980 Census data for Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico, is limited to Mexican-American and Anglo women who have been married only once and live with their husbands. Two complementary methods of analysis are used. Linear regression describes the significance of husband's and wife's language use, nativity, and socioeconomic characteristics to mean family size. Parity progression ratios are used to study the contribution of these variables to the likelihood of the addition of one more child at each stage of the family building process. While wife's characteristics are sufficient to account for most of the variation observed in Anglo fertility, husband's socioeconomic characteristics significantly contribute to variation observed in the fertility of Mexican-American couples. Husbands' identification with Mexican-American culture may be somewhat more important to couples' fertility than that of their wives. This is consistent with research which suggests that children are more central to male sex role expectations as they are expressed in the context of Mexican-American culture than in that of Anglos. The measures of ethnic identity used in this study are clearly associated with socioeconomic status. The differential fertility of Anglos and Mexican Americans could be attributed to these differences. The association of Spanish language use and fertility has been linked to the lower opportunity costs represented by additional children to women who do not speak English proficiently. However, the analysis of these data, which compares structural and cultural explanations of fertility differentials, provides evidence of cultural effects as well as the effects of socioeconomic status on fertility.

Zugl.: Oldenburg, Univ., Diss., 2006

published_or_final_version / Management Studies / Master / Master of Business Administration

In 1979, the Chinese government introduced the One-child Policy for the purpose of controlling population growth. Thirty years later, the fertility rate in China has declined to a very low level and one-child families have become the norm. At the same time, the consequences of low fertility rates have emerged. In 2015, the government announced a new policy that encouraged couples to have two children in order to raise the total fertility rate. In this paper, I analyze the economic and legal implications of the Chinese family planning policies. By examining to what extent fertility decisions are affected by government policies, I evaluate the potential effects of the Two-child Policy. The findings suggest that the Two-child Policy might not be effective in increasing the total fertility rate.

This paper uses data from The Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) for year 2013 to estimate the effect of family size on parent's wellbeing. To address the possible endogeneity in family size we use "multiple births" as exogenous origin of variation in family size. First finding shows insignificant effect of the additional child on parent's wellbeing. However, when we examine if the effect of number of children is significantly different for men and for women, we receive significant results. The number of children positively influences mother's wellbeing, but for fathers, there do not exist clear result. Finally, we examine if big family is poor family and our finding reveals, that number of children positively increases income of household. JEL Classification D31, I31, J13 Keywords wellbeing, family size, instrumental variable, income Author's e-mail andrea.havrilova@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz