Spelling suggestions: "subject:"farm manure"" "subject:"arm manure""
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Biomass response of selected African leafy vegetables in pots to rate of application of three types of animal manure.Okorogbona, Alfred Oghode Misaiti. January 2011 (has links)
Thesis (MTech. degree in Agriculture)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011.
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Simulation of odour dispersion around natural windbreaksLin, Xing Jun, 1960- January 2006 (has links)
The research objective was to calibrate a model to simulate odour dispersion downwind from natural windbreaks and then, use this model to observe the effect of windbreak characteristics and climatic conditions on the size of the odour dispersion plume. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models were used for the simulations because of their capability in reproducing turbulent wind conditions. The model was initially calibrated to ensure the proper velocity recovery ratio (VRR), and then to reproduce odour plumes measured in the field by three groups of four panellists. / The visual and statistical analysis of the field panellist observations indicated that a windbreak with an optical porosity of 0.35 could reduce by 21% the length of the odour dispersion plume, as compared to a site without a windbreak. Also, these analyses indicated that the site with a windbreak offering an optical porosity of 0.55 had no significant impact on the length of the odour plume, as compared to the site without a windbreak. / The models selected for the simulations were the Fluent 6.2 standard k-epsilon and SST k-o models. Their odour dispersion calibration indicated that both models can accurately reproduce the field measured odour hedonic tone and odour concentration by transforming the odour mass fraction computed by the models into the hedonic tone with a power function, and then into the odour concentration with an exponential function. The correlations between the simulated and measured absolute HT and between the simulated and measured odour concentrations were statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, the SST k-o was preferred over the standard k-epsilon because it could physically better reproduce the high turbulence conditions created by the windbreak. / The SST k-o model simulations indicated that odour plume length was mostly affected by windbreak porosity and height, as well as distance from the source. In terms of climatic conditions, odour plume size was mostly affected for atmospheric stability conditions which generally established ambient wind speed and rate of change of temperature. Wind direction has an impact on the length of the odour plume and the formation of a fin intensifying odour concentration near the windbreak, where an angle of 45º produces the shortest odour plume and the largest fin. / Key words: Simulation; odour; dispersion; natural Windbreak; CFD.
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Design and evaluation of liquid swine manure injectors for potato nutrient placementCampbell, Allan J. January 1998 (has links)
A project was developed to determine the feasibility of using liquid hog manure as a nutrient source (Nitrogen) for the potato crop. A survey of liquid hog manure storage facilities on Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) provided a sampling technique and the range of nutrients found on hog farms. It was concluded from the data that there were large differences between farms and on farm manure sampling was required to determine accurate nutrient applications. An infrastructure was designed, constructed and tested for storage, handling and the application of liquid hog manure at the Harrington Research Farm, Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Charlottetown, P.E.I. Data from the first of two three year experiments determined that the placement of liquid hog manure under the sown potato row and beside the row (0.23 m) provided yields better than manure placed between the sown rows. These yields were not different for the extra Nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The second field experiment examined the placement of liquid hog manure by various injector designs between the rows after the potato crop was planted. Potato tuber yield data over the three years indicated no differences among injector design nor between the injector treatments and the treatment which received the extra Nitrogen fertilizer. Over both experiments there was a decline in the severity of Rhizoctonia ( Rhizoctonia solani) in one year for plots receiving manure compared to those which received only inorganic fertilizer. There were no differences in the incidence or severity of scab (Streptomyces scabies) over the study. In general liquid manure can be used as nutrient source for the potato crop on P.E.I.
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Simulation of odour dispersion around natural windbreaksLin, Xing Jun, 1960- January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Design and evaluation of liquid swine manure injectors for potato nutrient placementCampbell, Allan J. January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Feasibility study for a Tillamook County dairy waste treatment and methane generation facilityEdgar, Thom G. 08 November 1991 (has links)
With the expansion of the Tillamook Creamery, in Tillamook Oregon, to double or more
its cheese production, the demand for milk presents an economic opportunity for the member
dairies of the Tillamook County Creamery Association. Before area dairies can expand their
herd size to increase milk production for the creamery, the problem of manure waste
management and pollution control must be solved. This study considers the technical and
economic feasibility of developing a centralized waste treatment and methane generation facility
to treat manure generated by Tillamook County dairies. A computer program modeling animal
waste anaerobic digester design served as the basis for generating cost and production estimates
for several hypothetical scenarios assuming input data specific to the Tillamook situation. A
follow up study was also made to determine the variability of the potential ultimate methane yield
of manures from Tillamook dairies.
This study indicates that the proposed system is technically feasible. The study estimates
that a comprehensive treatment system could cost dairymen from $70 to $100 per cow per year to
start, but the economic feasibility improves as more manure is treated and more dairies
participate. A full scale system has the potential to break even economically from the sale of
electricity produced by a 5 megawatt methane powered generator. With the marketing of treated
solids as a high grade fertilizer the system could gross a return of $1 to $75 per cow per year,
depending on the scenario. / Graduation date: 1992
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The effects of different dietary fibre levels on methane production and growth performance of Bonsmara and Nguni steersJiyana, Sanele Thabani 12 1900 (has links)
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different dietary fibre levels on methane production and growth performance of Bonsmara and Nguni steers. Nine Bonsmara and nine Nguni male weaners aged 8 – 9 months were used for the study. On arrival, animals were fed Eragrostis curvula hay on ad libitum basis for the first 14 days as part of adaptation to the feedlot environment. Animals were gradually adapted to treatments to prevent metabolic disorders. The study was conducted as a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial experiment. Treatments were allocated in a completely randomised design. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Student's t-LSD was calculated at the 5 % level (P < 0.05) to compare treatment means for significant effects. Feeding a diet that is low in crude fibre content had significantly increased (P < 0.05) growth performance in both breeds. Bonsmara steers had significantly higher growth performance (P < 0.0001) across all treatment diets compared to Nguni steers. High rumen total microbial count was observed in animals that received diets with low crude fibre. Reducing dietary crude fibre resulted in reduced methane production. Low dietary fibre showed low rumen archaea counts. There was a positive correlation between rumen pH and methane emission for both Bonsmara (R2 = 0.9105) and Nguni (R2 = 0.9517) steers. However, a negative correlation was observed between rumen total microbial count and feed conversion ratio for both Bonsmara (R2 = 0.8286) and Nguni (R2 = 0.7208) steers. The low rumen archaea counts were detected from the Bonsmara. Feeding diets with low fibre levels is recommended for improving growth performance and reducing methane production for Bonsmara and Nguni steers. / Agriculture and Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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The effects of excessive liquid hog manure applications on phosphorus concentrations in soil and surface runoff from corn and forage crops /MacDonald, Tim. January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Management of nitrogen from underseeded clover and manures in spring wheatGarand, Marie-Josée. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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The effects of excessive liquid hog manure applications on phosphorus concentrations in soil and surface runoff from corn and forage crops /MacDonald, Tim. January 2000 (has links)
A study was initiated in 1989 to examine the effects of applying excess liquid hog manure with mineral fertilizers to corn and forage crops. Manure was applied yearly at twice the recommended level either in the spring, fall or a combination of both spring and fall applications. Mineral fertilizers were applied at recommended levels to plots receiving only mineral fertilizers and to manure treatment plots. Two control plots received no fertilizers. / During the summer of 1999, soil samples were taken at a depth of 0--2 cm and analysed using different phosphorus extractants. Six runoff events were sampled and analysed for different phosphorus fractions. / Strong correlations were found in corn plots between average dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations in runoff and soil test phosphorus concentrations. Timing of manure application had a significant impact on both soil and runoff phosphorus concentrations. Runoff from forage plots had significantly higher concentrations of dissolved phosphorus, but phosphorus loads were greater from corn plots due to higher runoff volumes. Corn plots released significantly higher particulate phosphorus concentrations than forage plots because of higher sediment loads in runoff from corn plots.
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