Resumo: Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar o desempenho de um trator equipado com pneus diagonais novos e pneus diagonais desgastados, em três condições de superfície: pista com solo mobilizado, pista com cobertura vegetal e pista com solo firme. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em faixas, sendo que em cada faixa (pista) foram dispostos os tratamentos em blocos ao acaso, com um arranjo fatorial de 2x4, definidos pelos dois conjuntos de pneus diagonais (novos e desgastados) e quatro condições de deslocamento, distinguidas pela mudança de marcha do trator, totalizando oito tratamentos, com três repetições cada, perfazendo 72 unidades experimentais. Foram coletados os dados para o cálculo da velocidade de deslocamento, patinagem das rodas traseiras e dianteiras do trator e consumo horário de combustível. Também foram coletados os dados de força de tração, sendo calculada a potência disponível na barra de tração em função da velocidade de deslocamento. Foi utilizado como carro dinamométrico a Unidade Móvel de Ensaio na Barra de Tração - UMEB, pertencente ao Núcleo de Ensaios de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais - NEMPA, do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu - SP. Os resultados mostraram que tanto as condições dos pneus quanto as condições do solo interferiram na capacidade do trator em desenvolver força de tração, sendo o 2 pior desempenho obtido na pista com solo mobilizado. O melhor desempenho do trator foi na pista com solo firme; porém, na pista com cobertura vegetal ocorreram as melhores condições de força de tração do trator em relação ao solo mobilizado, mostrando que a presença da cobertura vegetal entre o rodado e o solo interferiu diretamente na relação rodado/solo. Na pista com solo mobilizado os resultados mostraram que a velocidade foi a menor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrôncio abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare the performance of a tractor equipped with used and new bias-ply tires, operating in three surface conditions: tillage soil, vegetal covered soil and firm soil. The experimental design were tracks and, in each track, treatments were disposed in blocks to the chance in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, defined by the two groups of tires (used and new bias-ply) and four speed conditions, distinguished by tractor’s gear change, totaling eight treatments, with three repetitions each, completing 72 experimental units. There were collected data to calculate: speed, front and rear tires slippage and fuel consumption. There were also collected data of traction strength to calculate available power at traction bar versus speed. The dynamometric car used was the Mobile Drawbar Test Unit - UMEB, owned by the Facility of Agricultural and Forestry Tires and Machines Assays (NEMPA) of Rural Engineering Department in the Agronomics Science College - FCA, UNESP, Botucatu campus. Results showed that both, tires and soil conditions, changed tractor capacity on developing traction strength. The worst performance was observed on the tillage soil. On the track with soil covered with vegetal residues, occurred better tractor traction strength conditions than on track with tillage soil, showing the presence of vegetal cover between tire and soil interfered directly on the tires/soil relation ship. 4 On the track with tillage soil, results showed that the forward speed was the lowest among the three soil conditions due to the front and rear tires slippage which is higher than vegetal covered and firm soil tracks. Fuel consumption results showed higher values on tilled tracks when comparing with firm and vegetal covered tracks. Data of available power at the drawbar were statistically equal on tilled and vegetal-covered soil tracks... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Kléber Pereira Lanças / Coorientador: Antonio Gabriel Filho / Banca: Ulisses Rocha Antuniassi / Banca: Alberto Kazushi Nagaoka / Mestre

Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos / Banca: Luiz Gonzaga Campos Porto / Banca: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes / Banca: Antonio Gabriel Filho / Banca: Jair Rosas da Silva / Abstract: The introduction of new technologies in plantation fields, such as the use of tractors machines for agricultural activities, brought some problems to operators. The purpose of this research is to analyze the tractors and harvesters agricultural operator’s working place in order to avoid security and health problems that the use of new technologies may bring to them. For this research, eight tractors and two harvesters agricultural with average power of 66kw were used. All ten agricultural machines belong to the Universidade Estadual Paulista, city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The existing literature regarding to the diversity in ergonomics and agricultural tractors and harvesters was analyzed and discussed. Together with the ergonometry technical parameters and agricultural tractors and harvesters machines themselves, other researches were required such as those related to anthropometry, interface systems - information and action, human tiredness, noise, comfort - seats and conformities, biomechanics - control and handling, working environment and technology. At first, a demand analysis methodology was used by applying individual questionnaires to the operators of the agricultural machines in order to collect information, such as muscular and mental tiredness. The result of the demand analysis revealed the problem, and therefore, the need to apply an Ergonomic Analysis of the Work (AET) by using four approaches of this methodology. The approaches were: anthropometry, biomechanics, comfort and noise. In anthropometry, the method was applied by comparing the anthropometric measures to the measures of eight of the agricultural tractors machine 4 operators and two harvesters. In biomechanics the measures of control and handling location regarding two tractors and one harvester agricultural were taken, in that case, it was necessary a scientific method based on the existing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor