Thesis (Ph. D. Com. (Human Resource Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to explore workplace deviance, both constructive and destructive deviance, in order to understand and develop strategies that could be used to address different types of deviant behaviours amongst farm workers. Qualitative, explorative and descriptive research designs within the paradigm of constructivism were utilised to obtain rich and valuable data with regards to the participants’ views, experiences and meanings relating to workplace deviance, through a narrative approach to inquiry. Semi-structured interviews, using a critical incident technique, were employed in order to collect data on both constructive deviant behaviour and destructive deviant behaviour of farm workers from the research participants. Farm workers (n=30) and supervisors (n=9) from three farms belonging to the same conglomerate participated in the study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the collected narrative data on farm workers’ workplace deviance. The study highlighted that both forms of workplace deviance, namely; constructive and destructive workplace deviance, seem to exist amongst farm workers. The various forms of constructive deviant and destructive deviant behaviours, which farm workers were more likely to engage in were identified. The constructive deviant behaviours were found to assist the farms in realising their objectives, while the destructive deviant behaviours seemed to negatively jeopardise the wellbeing of the farms. The managerial strategies which could be used in the farming sector in order to manage workplace deviance in a more holistic manner were identified. These included practices to encourage workers to engage in constructive deviant behaviours, while discouraging them from engaging in destructive deviant behaviours. The managerial practices revealed in this study may assist farm management to manage farm workers in such a way that may enhance the farms’ competitiveness. KEY CONCEPTS Workplace deviance; Destructive deviant behaviour; Constructive deviant behaviour; Farming sector; Farm workers.

La situation environnementale actuelle et les prévisions y afférentes des experts,obligent à questionner l’appréhension du dommage à l’environnement par la responsabilitécivile et plus largement, des atteintes et risques d’atteintes à celui-ci.Cette réflexion porte ainsi sur les outils et mécanismes de ladite responsabilité, afin devérifier leur adaptation à ce dommage. Il s’agit d’identifier les carences du régime, et deformuler des propositions théoriques, techniques, ou pratiques, car d’importants efforts restentà fournir, tous domaines confondus, pour un droit effectif et efficace.Se trouvant à la croisée des problèmes et enjeux abordés, le secteur agroalimentairefait office de secteur-témoin, comme il en va de la responsabilité relative singulièrement à lasanté humaine, sans préjudice d’impacts autres des pollutions.Ces dommages étant majoritairement très difficiles à constater avec rigueur et àévaluer, en plus d’être onéreux à réparer –lorsqu’ils ne sont pas irréversibles–, leraisonnement suivi consiste à démontrer l’urgence de mieux adapter la responsabilité civile àceux-ci, par l’analyse de ses différents éléments, en tenant compte de la dualité qui lacaractérise. De même, il s’agit de tirer les conséquences des résultats du raisonnement, etpartant, de repenser le droit inadapté à la responsabilité civile environnementale. Il convientalors, entre autres, de tenir compte de la place plus importante à accorder à l’environnementdans nos choix sociaux ; l’approche anthropocentriste retenue tend à remettre en cause lescepticisme à l’encontre des préoccupations environnementales, et à souligner le caractèrefondamentalement transfrontalier dudit dommage. / The present environmental situation, and expert forecasting related to it, compel toquestion how tort law might be a useful vehicle of both redressing harms, offenses and risksof such to the environment, or better, anticipating them into avoiding them or limiting theirconsequences. The following thesis considers the shortcomings and adequacy of tort law’stools and mechanisms for addressing these environmental concerns. Indeed, it is particularlydifficult to even ascertain most environmental offenses and estimate their cost, particularlywith regard to irreversible harms. Thus, the reasoning demonstrates the emergency of a betteradaptation of both corresponding liability and responsibility, through their different elements,including the duality that characterizes them. Here, we then offer theoretical, technical orpractical considerations, which may be of use in navigating this route.In considering these issues, the food proceeding industry serves as a particularly usefulmodel sector for the demonstration, as it has grappled with many of the same problems andstakes, including liability for human health, without prejudice to other pollutions’ impacts.Furthermore, we aim at rethinking the ill-adapted law to consider liability andresponsibility; this requires that we learn lessons from the results of the reasoning, andmanage with the particularities of interests and actors that intervene, or the larger room thatmust be devoted to the environment in social choices. Specifically, the goal of theanthropocentric approach is to enable to overcome skepticism towards environmentalconcerns, and to underline the fact that these offenses are fundamentally borderless.