The Charley farmstead in Harrison County, Indiana represents a significant archaeological resource within a region that has been largely neglected by historians and historical archaeologists alike. The farm was settled by George Charley, a Revolutionary War veteran from Virginia, in 1810, and was continuously occupied for two centuries. This study presents the results of an archaeological investigation at the site that included primary document research, mapping of the architectural landscape, a soil resistance survey, subsurface testing, and the analysis of historic materials. The data collected was used to interpret the material and economic conditions experienced at the site during the nineteenth century. From this data it appears that the Charley farmstead was a diverse and successful agricultural operation that began as a subsistence-level corn and swine farm, adopted market-dependent surplus agriculture by the mid-nineteenth century, and followed general trends towards increased market-dependence and consumerism into the twentieth century. / Department of Anthropology

The purpose of this project is to develop a framework for quantifying and differentiating the effects of early historic land uses on characteristics of soils formed in loess at two historical archaeology sites in the Midwestern United States: New Philadelphia Historical Landmark (NPHL) in western Illinois and Plum Grove Historical Farmstead (PGHF) in eastern Iowa. The significance of this research to topics such as global climate change, the role of soils in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, the effects of land use on sustainable use of soils, and augmenting the historical record by revealing land use activities for areas that have limited record of past land use are presented in the Introduction. The Introduction also includes reviews of previous geochemical studies and studies of natural and anthropogenic effects on the physical and chemical properties of soils. Research efforts were conducted in three main phases and the results of each phase are presented as individual chapters herein. Phase one focuses on identifying physico-chemical signatures of land use effects on soils at NPHL and determining the minimal resolution required to discriminate these effects to develop a multi-prong methodological framework. Phase two is an exploration of the efficacy of using portable x-ray fluorescence to measure non-pollution level chemical impacts from land use activities in order to refine the methodological framework by targeting soil samples for more costly, higher precision analyses. Phase three is a test of the refined framework to examine land use effects on physico-chemical characteristics of soil at PGHF. In the Summary and Conclusions the physico-chemical results from NPHL and PGHF are compared and contrasted to evaluate the methodological framework and its utility for investigation of land use effects at other Midwestern locations. The final section discusses possible revisions to the approach and outlines opportunities for future investigations.

Thesis (M.A.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-107). Also available on the World Wide Web.

No / Insight into the relative importance of sheep and goat herding and of the economic significance of each species (i.e., milk vs. meat vs. wool) in Medieval Greenland is obtained through the application of Halstead et al.¿s (2002) criteria for the identification of adult ovicaprine mandibles to faunal assemblages from three Norse farmsteads: Sandnes, V52a, and Ø71S. The economic strategies identified are broadly comparable between the two species and the Eastern and Western Settlement sites examined, and are suggestive of the subsistence production of meat and milk. Comparison with farmsteads elsewhere in Greenland indicates that socio-economic status and/or farmstead size interacted with geographical location in determining the economic strategies employed by the Norse farmers. A broader use of resources and a more varied diet are evident at larger farmsteads in Greenland and this paper suggests that such sites would have been better able than their smaller counterparts to withstand environmental deterioration during the early Middle Ages. These analyses have also confirmed that goats were relatively more common in Norse sites in Greenland than in Norse sites in Iceland, Orkney, or Shetland.

This diploma thesis topics are regional development and the territorial protection of rural architecture complexes in villages in České Budějovice district. Rural Baroque and a South Bohemian village belong to each other. In spite of different historical and geographical conditions, the rural landscapes presented in this thesis have a lot in common. They are protected landscapes and they share the economic and social pressures of present-day Europe. Their future is driven by committed and competent local leaders who share a vision of sustainability, care for local heritage, are open to learning and to innovations, and are able and willing to cooperate with broader regional, national and international networks.

The main aim of my diploma thesis „The analysis of influence location and technical condition on the market value of the original farmstead“ is to judge how much are different location and technical condition projected to the unit price selected realities. Next task had to find the differences between valution the family houses and valution the original farmstead. The analytical part contains process for identificate price of the cost´s and comparative method by valid valuation regulation no. 151/1997 Sb. including lands which are formed one functional unit. It also found estimate of market value by direkt comaparison´s method based on database of bid prices of comparable objels. In this thesis are choosen five realities, free of these are defined as originál farmstead and two remaining are family houses. In the last part is carried comparison of unit price at single methods and comparison identificate price addicted on location and technical condition.

1. 4. ABSTRACT Diploma Thesis Mladá - Between the Destrution of Village and the Emergence of Military Training Ground (1904-1906) discusses the turbulent lives of the parish community on Benátky-Region, which, in 1904, was in the very center of planned artillery firing ranges and military training ground of the Austro-Hungarian army. As the only one of the affected villages, Mladá was doomed, people were forced to move, and the local buildings were used to house troops, and, subsequently, they were used as artillery targets. Sacrificing Mladá village in fact brought economic prosperity to the surrounding municipalities. The Transport infrastructure had improved, local trade got new impulses, agriculture production found a new outlet in the army etc. Finally, the dissolution of Mladá village led to the emergence of a new micro-regional center, when a small village of Milovice became a town that still commemorates this historical event village through the name of one of its urban parts - Mladá.

This study examines landscape change in the Province of Jämtland during c. 1000–1750 AD. Settlement and arable cultivation are two of the most important sources in this study. They are therefore treated in depth, particularly farmsteads that were deserted during the late medieval agrarian crisis, so-called ödesbölen, and their fossil field-traces. The dissertation contains four major investigations. In the first investigation 610 possible ödesbölen were identified. The desertion was estimated at 50 per cent. The second investigation had its focus on the geographic location, and the conclusion was that the ödesbölen may have been deserted when the climate turned colder in the 14th century. The third investigation concerned medieval agriculture. Using historical maps and detailed mapping of fossil field traces it was established that the annually cultivated acreage decreased from the High Middle Ages until early modern times. This probably means that the agrarian crisis caused a change in the agrarian regime, from predominant arable farming to predominant stock-raising. The fourth investigation was whether the ownership or the use of the ödesbölen created obstacles to recolonization when the crisis subsided. This turned out not to be so in the case of ownership, but may have been so with regard to communal forest grazing. According to historical maps the ödesbölen in Jämtland were finally recolonized about 200 years later than for example in southern Sweden. The reasons probably were wars and a worse climate. The dissertation is capped off with both a model and a description of landscape change in Jämtland. Characteristic for the development of the landscape has been fluctuations in settlement. The ödesbölen are part of a pattern in which they are colonized, deserted, recolonized and again deserted in a cyclical course of events. The openness of the landscape is not part of this course of events.

Seit ihrer Entdeckung im 19. Jh. sind die latènezeitlichen Graben-Wall-Einfriedungen, die in Nordfrankreich als „enclos“, in Süddeutschland als „Viereckschanzen“ bezeichnet werden, entweder als Kultplätze, als Gehöfte oder auch als Befestigungsanlagen interpretiert worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit, die 34 späteisenzeitliche Einfriedungssysteme aus beiden Ländern miteinander vergleicht, verfolgt daher zwei Absichten: zum einen soll geklärt werden, welche Fundplätze profane und welche sakrale Funktionen besessen haben könnten. Zum anderen stellt sich die Frage, welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede die Einfriedungen in Nordfrankreich und Süddeutschland aufweisen. / Since their discovery in the 19th century the enclosures from the Late Latène period, named „Viereckschanzen“ by german archaeologists, have been interpreted as cult places, as farmsteads or even as fortifications. By comparing 34 enclosures of the Late Iron Age from Northern France and Southern Germany, this paper thus pursues two objectives: firstly, to determine which of the sites can be identified as sacred or as profane; secondly, to show the similarities and differences between the enclosures in both regions. / Depuis leur découverte au XIXe siècle, les enceintes laténiennes, appelées „Viereckschanzen“ par les chercheurs allemands, ont été interprétées soit comme des lieux de culte, soit comme des fermes ou bien encore des fortifications. Cette recherche basée sur l’étude comparative de 34 enclos ruraux datés de La Tène tardive dans le nord de la France et le sud de l’Allemagne poursuit donc un double objectif. D’une part, en essayant de faire la distinction entre les sites profanes ou cultuels, et d’autre part, en essayant de mettre en évidence les points communs et les différences entre ces différents types d’enclos situés dans les deux pays.

Summaries and keywords in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie histories-argeologiese studie bied ‘n basiese beskrywing van die materiële kultuur van ‘n afgeleë Suider-Afrikaanse plaas wat tussen die 1880’s en die 1930’s bewoon is. Die studie berus op ‘n gedetailleerde ontleding van die opgegraafde vondste wat herwin is van ashope wat met drie wooneenhede op die plaas Welkomskraal, geleë in die distrik Venterstad in die Noordoos-Kaap, verbind word. Die artefakte is aan die hand van die naslaanversameling in die Bloemfonteinse Nasionale Museum en handelsadvertensies geïdentifiseer. Die materiële kultuur dek die volle spektrum van die alledaagse lewe van die plaasbewoners en word aangevul deur genealogiese data, wat aantoon dat die grondeienaars die nasate was van die eerste trekboere wat hulle in die gebied gevestig het. Die bewoningsperiode van Welkomskraal val saam met die tweede industriële revolusie, wat gekenmerk is deur die massaproduksie van goedere en ‘n toenemend globale handelsnetwerk. Die versameling lewer bewys dat boere in die verre binneland toegang tot ‘n wye reeks ingevoerde produkte gehad het, hoewel hulle nie noodwendig welvarend was nie. / This historical archaeological study provides a baseline description of the material culture of a remote southern African farm occupied between the 1880s and the 1930s. The study is based on a detailed analysis of the excavated finds recovered from middens associated with three homesteads, located on the farm Welkomskraal, in the Venterstad district of the north-eastern Cape. Artefacts were identified using the reference collection of the National Museum in Bloemfontein and commercial adverts. The material culture covers the full spectrum of the daily lives of the farm’s occupants and is complemented by genealogical data, which indicate that the landowners were the descendants of the first trekboers who settled in the area. The occupation of Welkomskraal coincided with the second industrial revolution, which was characterised by mass production of goods and an increasingly global trade network. The assemblage attests that farmers in the deep interior had access to a wide range of imported goods although they were not necessarily prosperous. / Anthropology & Archaeology / M.A. (Argeologie)