Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-84).

by Tam Yuen-chiu, Stephen. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Objectives --- p.2 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.3 / Secondary Research --- p.3 / Primary Research --- p.4 / Definition --- p.6 / Limitations --- p.8 / Chapter III. --- THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IN HONG KONG --- p.9 / Fast Food Industry Background --- p.9 / Hong Kong Fast Food Chains With China Operations --- p.13 / Hong Kong Fast Food Chains Without China Operations --- p.17 / Chapter IV. --- FOREIGN FAST FOOD CHAINS IN CHINA --- p.18 / An Overview of the Retail Market Environment in China --- p.18 / Historical Development and Present Situation of Foreign Fast Food Chains --- p.20 / Chapter V. --- SUMMARY OF IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS --- p.26 / Importance of China Business --- p.26 / Entry Motives --- p.29 / Forms of Entry --- p.30 / Problems Encountered --- p.32 / Attitude Toward Political Risks of the Tiananmen Incident --- p.36 / Competitive Advantage of Foreign Fast Food Chains in China --- p.38 / Business Results to Date Measured Against Expectations --- p.39 / Major Improvements Expected by Foreign Fast Food Chains --- p.40 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.42 / APPENDICES --- p.43 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.50

by Ho Lik-Shing, Adolphus and Wong Hon-Shing, Cary. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-86). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES …… --- p.viii / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Project Objective --- p.2 / Methodology --- p.3 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.3 / Positioning --- p.3 / Importance of Positioning --- p.3 / Positioning Task --- p.5 / Identifying Possible Competitive Advantages --- p.5 / Selecting the Right Advantages --- p.6 / Effectively signalling to the market the firm's position --- p.6 / Formulation of Positioning Strategy for Wend's Food --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS OF FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IN HONG KONG --- p.8 / Restaurant Industry --- p.8 / Fast Food Industry --- p.11 / Demographic Trends --- p.14 / Geographic Trend --- p.14 / Income Trend --- p.15 / Household Size --- p.16 / Age Trend --- p.17 / Household Expenditure Pattern --- p.18 / Implications --- p.18 / Chapter IV. --- COMPETITOR ANALYSIS --- p.20 / Overview --- p.20 / Cafe-De-Coral --- p.23 / History --- p.23 / Business Strategy --- p.23 / Marketing Strategy --- p.24 / Operations Strategy --- p.25 / McDonald --- p.27 / History --- p.27 / Business Strategy --- p.27 / Marketing Strategy --- p.28 / Operations Strategy --- p.28 / Fairwood --- p.29 / History --- p.29 / Business Strategy --- p.29 / Marketing Strategy --- p.30 / Operations Strategy --- p.31 / Maxim's --- p.32 / History --- p.32 / Business Strategy --- p.32 / Marketing Strategy --- p.33 / Operations Strategy --- p.33 / Kentucky Fried Chicken --- p.34 / History --- p.34 / Business Strategy --- p.34 / Marketing Strategy --- p.34 / Operations Strategy --- p.35 / Wendy's --- p.36 / History --- p.36 / Business Strategy --- p.36 / Marketing Strategy --- p.36 / Operations Strategy --- p.38 / Comparison of Various Competitors --- p.39 / Cafe de Coral --- p.39 / McDonald --- p.39 / Fairwood --- p.40 / Maxim's --- p.40 / Kentucky Fried Chicken --- p.41 / Wendy's --- p.41 / Implications --- p.41 / Chapter V. --- RESEARCH DESIGN --- p.42 / Objectives --- p.42 / Research Methodology --- p.42 / Focus Group Study --- p.43 / Descriptions --- p.43 / Findings --- p.44 / """Questionnaire on fast food shops"" Survey" --- p.45 / Descriptions --- p.45 / """Questionnaire on Wendy's"" Survey" --- p.46 / Descriptions --- p.46 / Chapter VI. --- FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS --- p.48 / """Questionnaire on fast food shops"" Survey" --- p.48 / Findings --- p.48 / Analysis --- p.51 / """Questionnaire on Wendy's"" Survey" --- p.53 / Findings --- p.53 / Analysis --- p.55 / Discussions with Crew Members and Customers --- p.56 / About the Shop --- p.56 / About the Menu --- p.56 / About the Food --- p.57 / Implications --- p.57 / Chapter VII. --- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WENDY'S --- p.58 / Position --- p.58 / Target Customer --- p.59 / Pricing --- p.60 / Distribution --- p.60 / Advertising --- p.61 / Areas for Improvement --- p.61 / Chapter VIII. --- LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS --- p.62 / Limitations for the Study --- p.62 / Suggestions for Further Research --- p.63 / APPENDIX --- p.64 / Chapter 1 --- Questionnaire on fast food shops --- p.64 / Chapter 2 --- "Data of ""Questionnaire on fast food shops""" --- p.70 / Chapter 3 --- Questionnaire on Wendy's --- p.75 / Chapter 4 --- "Data of ""Questionnaire on Wendy's""" --- p.79 / Chapter 5 --- Test on Different Samples --- p.83 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.85

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität St. Gallen, 1996.

Theodor Adorno’s theory of listener regression describes the process by which music industry forces transform listeners from independent social creatures into passive, compliant consumers of musical product. Listener regression is the basis of the broader theory of culture industry consumer regression which Adorno later developed, by which the culture industry creates and reinforces the passive compliance of consumers of all cultural products. By further extension, it is my theory that listener regression is the key to understanding how the phenomenon of culture industry dominance over its consumers applies to the whole range of non-cultural as well as cultural consumer products. In the second chapter of this paper I discuss how listeners of music industry output are made to regress: through the standardization of musical form, the repetition which flows from standardization and the attention to musical detail which has no formal function. I consider those childhood traits which constitute listener regression. Freud’s theory of regression is discussed and distinguished. It is important to filter out the negativity which infuses much of Adorno’s writing on listener regression. That negativity arises arguably either from Adorno’s own acute musical perception which exceeds the average listener’s or from the era of growing totalitarianism in which he formed his views. That negativity unnecessarily clouds the significance of the relationship between the music industry and average listeners, between the larger culture industry and its consumers, and between the exponentially larger consumer industry and all consumers generally. Country music as the epitome of the kind of “popular music” which Adorno argues results in the regression of its listeners is the topic of the third chapter. I conclude that country music does meet Adorno’s criteria for listener regressive music. I also conclude that within the confines Adorno finds so soul-depriving is amazingly creative music and musicality which responds to some of humankind’s most basic needs. In the last chapter, I discuss music as a fundamental component of human society which responds to some deep social need. By showing us how one segment of the consumer industry has turned that need to its commercial benefit, Adorno’s theory can help show parallels with those profit-motivated forces within other segments of our consumer society, for instance with the manipulation of the basic need for sustenance by the fast-food industry. The paper concludes with a number of observations about the manipulative nature of the powerful commercial pressure put on us as consumers, and offers a suggestion or two for dealing with that pressure.

Approximately 18% of adolescents are obese. Attitudes about Food is a cross sectional study that seeks to identify lifestyle factors associated with adolescent obesity such as fast food consumption, physical activity, attitudes about fast food, and weight perception. The novel aspect of this study is that it seeks to understand how the respondent perceives the health attitudes and behaviors of their closest friends. Subjects were recruited from four youth organizations for a total of 25 participants between the ages of 12-17 years. Respondents completed a 71 item questionnaire, and height and weight were measured by trained interviewers to calculate BMI. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 19.0), and hypotheses were assessed using correlation coefficients. Obese respondents were more likely than non0obese participants to consume at least three fast food meals in the last week (P < .05). Consuming fast food in the last week of the study was associated with exercising one hour a week or less (P < .01). Agreeing that eating fast food is fun was associated with BMI >= 85th percentile (P < .01). Reporting that friends think eating fast food is healthy was associated with eating fast food three or more times in the last week (P < .04) and exercising one hour a week or less (P < .01). Individuals who reported exercising at least four days a week were likely to agree with the statements "eating fast food will make me fat" (P < .03) and "will increase total fat" (p < .05). Finally, overweight adolescents were more likely to underestimate their weight status compared to normal weight and obese respondents. These findings indicate a clustering of risk factors for obesity. Frequent fast food consumption and infrequent physical activity were associated in the present study which could tip the scales of energy balance. Health professionals could focus on raising awareness of the overall diet quality of adolescents who frequently consume fast food while encouraging healthy, fun alternatives to fast food. Screening for overweight status and eliciting peer support for healthy eating are key elements in reducing adolescent obesity.

The White Lady (WL) is a mobile fast food takeaway eatery. The WL has been trading in Auckland City’s central business district for almost fifty years. The WL opens in the early evening and remains open until the early morning hours. At closing, the WL is towed to a storage area where it remains until this process is repeated. This daily pattern has occurred since the WL opened in 1948. Because of its longevity, the WL, and many of its stakeholders have experienced ongoing change as Auckland City has grown, and competition within fast food has increased. Thus, for many stakeholders, the WL is representative of their lives, a mirror of their reality and life experiences. Obviously, these realities and experiences are different for different stakeholders. In this thesis, I examine the contested “White Lady” (WL): the perceptions and the social meanings that its stakeholder groups attribute to it. This thesis illuminates differences and similarities within stakeholder viewpoints and in doing so defines that pie carts like the WL are a valid part of New Zealand’s culinary and social cultures Ultimately, this thesis provides a platform of knowledge from which stakeholders and others can come to understand and know the differing and similar views that other stakeholder groups hold. With this in mind, this research ranges in scope from the examination of city administration to the symbolism associated with the (WL) by some of its stakeholders. Therefore, this research is founded within socio-historic constructs: the history of fast food and, the similarities that this history holds to today’s WL operation. The contextualisation of hospitality within “three domains” (Lashley, 2004, p.13) aids in defining the WL as well as recognising the competitive growth of New Zealand’s fast food industry. This research suggests that fast food growth and subsequent competition have had negative impacts upon many small fast food outlets including the WL. viii The growth of fast food has facilitated a “slow food” (Jones, Shears, Hiller Comfort and Lowell, 2003, p. 298) movement. This movement coupled with the hierarchy of food typologies, adds a Saussurian overlay and sociological discourse to this work. This overlay clarifies for the reader Bourdieu’s (1984) position that all food is reflective of class status. Within postmodernist constructs and the rise of the individual, (and the consequent opportunity to hear ‘voices from the margins’), movement within class and individuality within New Zealand’s wider culture has occurred. Social change therefore, has facilitated some of the issues within WL contestation. In highlighting Bourdieu’s (1984) concept, the “binary opposition” (Levi-Strauss, 1981, as cited in Adamenko, 2007, p.27) inherent within food hierarchies and, as often expressed within the media, is examined. This examination reveals that while the media inform, this information often contributes to the polarisation of opinion that facilitates the formation of contested viewpoints by WL stakeholders. It is against a backdrop of compliance need, the absence of an official street trading policy, the differing views of stakeholders, and the intensification of competition in fast food, coupled with a lacuna in the knowledge base of younger Auckland residents regarding the WL that this research finds its voice.

The White Lady (WL) is a mobile fast food takeaway eatery. The WL has been trading in Auckland City’s central business district for almost fifty years. The WL opens in the early evening and remains open until the early morning hours. At closing, the WL is towed to a storage area where it remains until this process is repeated. This daily pattern has occurred since the WL opened in 1948. Because of its longevity, the WL, and many of its stakeholders have experienced ongoing change as Auckland City has grown, and competition within fast food has increased. Thus, for many stakeholders, the WL is representative of their lives, a mirror of their reality and life experiences. Obviously, these realities and experiences are different for different stakeholders. In this thesis, I examine the contested “White Lady” (WL): the perceptions and the social meanings that its stakeholder groups attribute to it. This thesis illuminates differences and similarities within stakeholder viewpoints and in doing so defines that pie carts like the WL are a valid part of New Zealand’s culinary and social cultures Ultimately, this thesis provides a platform of knowledge from which stakeholders and others can come to understand and know the differing and similar views that other stakeholder groups hold. With this in mind, this research ranges in scope from the examination of city administration to the symbolism associated with the (WL) by some of its stakeholders. Therefore, this research is founded within socio-historic constructs: the history of fast food and, the similarities that this history holds to today’s WL operation. The contextualisation of hospitality within “three domains” (Lashley, 2004, p.13) aids in defining the WL as well as recognising the competitive growth of New Zealand’s fast food industry. This research suggests that fast food growth and subsequent competition have had negative impacts upon many small fast food outlets including the WL. viii The growth of fast food has facilitated a “slow food” (Jones, Shears, Hiller Comfort and Lowell, 2003, p. 298) movement. This movement coupled with the hierarchy of food typologies, adds a Saussurian overlay and sociological discourse to this work. This overlay clarifies for the reader Bourdieu’s (1984) position that all food is reflective of class status. Within postmodernist constructs and the rise of the individual, (and the consequent opportunity to hear ‘voices from the margins’), movement within class and individuality within New Zealand’s wider culture has occurred. Social change therefore, has facilitated some of the issues within WL contestation. In highlighting Bourdieu’s (1984) concept, the “binary opposition” (Levi-Strauss, 1981, as cited in Adamenko, 2007, p.27) inherent within food hierarchies and, as often expressed within the media, is examined. This examination reveals that while the media inform, this information often contributes to the polarisation of opinion that facilitates the formation of contested viewpoints by WL stakeholders. It is against a backdrop of compliance need, the absence of an official street trading policy, the differing views of stakeholders, and the intensification of competition in fast food, coupled with a lacuna in the knowledge base of younger Auckland residents regarding the WL that this research finds its voice.

The White Lady (WL) is a mobile fast food takeaway eatery. The WL has been trading in Auckland City’s central business district for almost fifty years. The WL opens in the early evening and remains open until the early morning hours. At closing, the WL is towed to a storage area where it remains until this process is repeated. This daily pattern has occurred since the WL opened in 1948. Because of its longevity, the WL, and many of its stakeholders have experienced ongoing change as Auckland City has grown, and competition within fast food has increased. Thus, for many stakeholders, the WL is representative of their lives, a mirror of their reality and life experiences. Obviously, these realities and experiences are different for different stakeholders. In this thesis, I examine the contested “White Lady” (WL): the perceptions and the social meanings that its stakeholder groups attribute to it. This thesis illuminates differences and similarities within stakeholder viewpoints and in doing so defines that pie carts like the WL are a valid part of New Zealand’s culinary and social cultures Ultimately, this thesis provides a platform of knowledge from which stakeholders and others can come to understand and know the differing and similar views that other stakeholder groups hold. With this in mind, this research ranges in scope from the examination of city administration to the symbolism associated with the (WL) by some of its stakeholders. Therefore, this research is founded within socio-historic constructs: the history of fast food and, the similarities that this history holds to today’s WL operation. The contextualisation of hospitality within “three domains” (Lashley, 2004, p.13) aids in defining the WL as well as recognising the competitive growth of New Zealand’s fast food industry. This research suggests that fast food growth and subsequent competition have had negative impacts upon many small fast food outlets including the WL. viii The growth of fast food has facilitated a “slow food” (Jones, Shears, Hiller Comfort and Lowell, 2003, p. 298) movement. This movement coupled with the hierarchy of food typologies, adds a Saussurian overlay and sociological discourse to this work. This overlay clarifies for the reader Bourdieu’s (1984) position that all food is reflective of class status. Within postmodernist constructs and the rise of the individual, (and the consequent opportunity to hear ‘voices from the margins’), movement within class and individuality within New Zealand’s wider culture has occurred. Social change therefore, has facilitated some of the issues within WL contestation. In highlighting Bourdieu’s (1984) concept, the “binary opposition” (Levi-Strauss, 1981, as cited in Adamenko, 2007, p.27) inherent within food hierarchies and, as often expressed within the media, is examined. This examination reveals that while the media inform, this information often contributes to the polarisation of opinion that facilitates the formation of contested viewpoints by WL stakeholders. It is against a backdrop of compliance need, the absence of an official street trading policy, the differing views of stakeholders, and the intensification of competition in fast food, coupled with a lacuna in the knowledge base of younger Auckland residents regarding the WL that this research finds its voice.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-207). Also available via the Internet.