My thesis compares two plays: Dantons Tod by Georg Büchner (1813 – 1837) and Die Sache Danton by Stanisława Przybyszewska (1901 – 1935). Despite the difference of their origin and the time the plays were written, Büchner and Przybyszewska both show a very strong interest for the same genre and share the same literary theme, which is expressed by the common topic of the French Revolution. The main purpose of my thesis is to compare Büchner’s Dantons Tod (1835) and Przybyszewska’s Die Sache Danton (1928). Even though the playwrights show spiritual affinity and somewhat similar views on the revolution, meaning it is needed for changing the existing social structure; in their works they depict their protagonist very differently. While the characters in Büchner’s play present a deterministic view of the world and history, Przybyszewska’s characters actively engage to cause change. Whereas the end result is the same, Danton dies, the female characters in Przybyszewska, despite the love for their men, define their femininity and view of the world from within and not merely in relation to their men. Przybyszewska’s male characters are more idealistic and persevering than those of Büchner.

In this thesis I attempt to introduce Galen Strawson's position, which he adopts in the free will debate followed by the debate about his Basic Argument. While giving a de-tailed account of responsibility as a reflective rational responsiveness, I show that re-sponsibility is in no respect causa sui and therefore it is not impossible for human beings to reach it, explained with the reasons given by Strawson. I refuse steps B, C, 8, 9 and 10 of the Basic Argument. I claim that undetermined self-determination consists in the ability to make a decision in the light of actually revised principles of choice. Such revision is granted by actual ability to reflect the validity and adequacy of principles of choice in relation to motivating values in question by using methodical doubt as a universal tool do to so. Such reflection, with respect to what matters for decision making in question, is potentially ultimate. I claim that Strawson underestimates the uniqueness of reflective rationality especially, when missing the crucial difference between Fido the dog and Nemo the man in the situation of choice. Moreover, I suspect Strawson of excluding the subject of action or choice and its actual principles of choice from the realm of intelligible things. This leads to disruption of request to conception of the world as internally consistent and in principle attainable by human beings. Finally, I show why I find sophisticated fatalism problematic in both of its versions, deterministic as well as indeterministic.

(in English): This diploma thesis deals with the literary image of Sicily by analysing characteristic works by four Sicilian authors in the historical period from the process of the Italian unification to the end of World War II. The authors are Giovanni Verga, Luigi Pirandello, Vitaliano Brancati and Leonardo Sciascia. This thesis is based primarily on the assumption that these writers are subjective and empiric authors and their works clearly reflect the fact that they hail from Sicily having been influenced by its societal norms and traditions. The author supports her arguments by the theoretical essays written by Leonardo Sciascia, who devoted his lifetime to the study of Sicily from the historical, social, political and anthropological perspective. The basic prerequisite for this work therefore consists of three theoretical publications: Pirandello e il pirandelismo (1953, Pirandello and the pirandellism), Pirandello e la Sicilia (1961, Pirandello and Sicily), La Sicilia come metafora (1979, Sicily as a metaphor). In this thesis the author attempts to trace the common attributes and linking motifs throughout selected characteristic works and their analysis. As a conclusion, the author summarizes her observations and intends to find more general parallels between the historical development of...