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No description available.

The Indianhead Creek map-area is located directly north of the Clearwater River and encompasses a four mile length of the third range of the Alberta Rocky Mountains. The map-area contains one minor thrust fault, a portion of the Third Range thrust fault and a series of four large normal faults. The normal fault blocks are tilted to the south with the lower beds of each fault block being progressively truncated by the slightly northward dipping Third Range thrust fault. Two of these normal faults also cut through the Third Range thrust fault and continue into the underlying formations with a large loss in stratigraphic separation. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the time relationships and causes of normal faulting. The first hypothesis states that the normal faulting and the tilting of the normal fault blocks occurred before the development of the Third Range thrust fault. Then during thrust faulting, the minor thrust and the progressive truncation of the lower beds of each normal fault block occurred. A recurrence of normal faulting took place after the completion of thrust faulting in which the Third Range thrust fault and the underlying formations were displaced. The second period of normal faulting developed along the planes of the previously existing normal faults. The second hypothesis states that the normal faulting, the tilting of the normal fault blocks, and the thrust faulting developed concurrently. A monoclinal fold in the plane of the Third Range thrust fault is proposed in order to explain the progressively southward truncation of the lower beds of the tilted normal fault blocks and the large loss in stratigraphic separation as two of the normal faults pass through the thrust fault. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

It is preferable that control and bearing condition monitoring are integrated, as the condition of the system should influence control actions. As wind turbines mainly work in remote areas, it becomes necessary to develop a wireless platform for the control system. A fuzzy system with self-tuning mechanism was developed. The input speed error and speed change were selected to control the shaft speed, while the kurtosis and peak-to-peak values were used as another set of inputs to monitor the bearing conditions. To enhance effectiveness, wait-and-see (WAS) logic was used as the pre-processing step for the raw vibration signal. The system was implemented on the LabVIEW platform. Experiments have shown that the system can effectively adjust motor rotating speed in response to bearing conditions. For future studies, more advanced fault detection methods can be integrated with proper tuning mechanisms to enrich the performance and function of the controller.

La estabilidad de las pendientes rocosas se considera crucial para la seguridad pública en las carreteras, así como también para la seguridad del personal y los equipos que trabajan en los cortes de roca. La inestabilidad y fallas en taludes rocosos se producen debido a muchos factores, como la geometría, las discontinuidades geológicas, el material del talud, y las condiciones climáticas severas. Así también como las cargas externas, las fuertes precipitaciones y la sismicidad que podrían jugar un papel importante en la falla. En esta tesis se desarrolla el método cinemático y el método empírico de “Índice de Riesgo” (tomado del inglés “Hazard Índex”) para la evaluación de la estabilidad del talud en la carretera Tarapoto- Yurimaguas, donde el talud corresponde a una roca residual tipo arenisca de baja resistencia, con alta precipitación por ser zona tropical y ubicada dentro de una zona sísmica. Se identifican los posibles tipos de falla mediante el análisis cinemático basado en la dirección del rumbo y buzamiento de las discontinuidades, se analiza las fallas encontradas con respecto al factor sísmico, y la condición de la estabilidad con el método empírico “Hazard Index” con respecto al factor de precipitación para así identificar la condición de estabilidad y mostrar el resultado. La tesis destaca algunas limitaciones de los métodos utilizados. / The stability of rocky slopes is considered crucial for public safety on the roads, as well as for the safety of personnel and teams working on rock cuts. Rock slope instability and failure occur due to many factors such as geometry, geological discontinuities, slope material, and severe weather conditions. As well as external loads, heavy precipitation, and seismicity that could play an important role in the failure. In this thesis we develop the kinematic method and the empirical method of "hazard Index" for evaluating the stability of the slope on the Tarapoto-Yurimaguas road, where the slope corresponds to a residual rock Low resistance sandstone type, with high precipitation as it is a tropical zone and located within a seismic zone. Possible types of failure are identified through kinematic analysis based on the direction of heading and dip of the discontinuities, the failures found are analyzed with respect to the seismic factor, and the condition of stability with the empirical method "Hazard Index" with respect to to the precipitation factor to identify the stability condition and show the result. The thesis highlights some limitations of the methods used. / Tesis

The objective of this study is to show the analysis and behavior of symmetrical components and balanced faults in power transformers. Thus, the symmetric component methods solve directly the distribution of voltages and currents, allowing the correct verification of the procedure and the influence of earth circuit faults with the neutral point in distribution transformers. Therefore, the symmetric component analysis procedure has an innovative contribution to the determination of problem solving that solves practical cases and allows to determine the unbalanced failure analysis. / Revisión por pares

Thesis. 1975. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences. / Bibliography: leaves 422-441. / by Raymon Lee Brown, Jr. / Ph.D.

Static learning in the form of logic implications captures Boolean relationships between various gates in a circuit. In the past, logic implications have been applied in several areas of electronic design automation (EDA) including: test-pattern-generation, logic and fault simulation, fault diagnosis, logic optimization, etc. While logic implications have assisted in solving several EDA problems, their usefulness has not been fully explored. We believe that logic implications have not been carefully analyzed in the past, and this lack of thorough investigation has limited their applicability in solving hard EDA problems. In this dissertation, we offer deeper insights into the Boolean relationships exhibited in a circuit, and present techniques to extract their full potential in solving two hard problems in test and verification: (1) Efficient identification of sequentially untestable stuck-at faults, and (2) Equivalence checking of sequential circuits. Additionally, for the dissertation, we define a new concept called multi-cycle path delay faults (M-pdf) for latch based designs with multiple clock domains, and propose an implications-based methodology for the identification of untestable M-pdfs for such designs. One of the main bottlenecks in the efficiency of test-pattern-generation (TPG) is the presence of untestable faults in a design. State-of-the-art automatic test pattern generators (ATPG) spend a lot of effort (in both time and memory) targeting untestable faults before aborting on such faults, or, eventually identifying these faults as untestable (if given enough computational resources). In either case, TPG is considerably slowed down by the presence of untestable faults. Thus, efficient methods to identify untestable faults are desired. In this dissertation, we discuss a number of solutions that we have developed for the purpose of untestable fault identification. The techniques that we propose are fault-independent and explore properties associated with logic implications to derive conclusions about untestable faults. Experimental results for benchmark circuits show that our techniques achieve a significant increase in the number of untestable faults identified, at low memory and computational overhead. The second related problem that we address in this proposal is that of determining the equivalence of sequential circuits. During the design phase, hardware goes through several stages of optimizations (for area, speed, power, etc). Determining the functional correctness of the design after each optimization step by means of exhaustive simulation can be prohibitively expensive. An alternative to prove functional correctness of the optimized design is to determine the design's functional equivalence w.r.t. some golden model which is known to be functionally correct. Efficient techniques to perform this process, known as equivalence checking, have been investigated in the research community. However, equivalence checking of sequential circuits still remains a challenging problem. In an attempt to solve this problem, we propose a Boolean SAT (satisfiability) based framework that utilizes logic implications for the purpose of sequential equivalence checking. Finally, we define a new concept called multi-cycle path-delay faults (M-pdfs). Traditionally, path delay faults have been analyzed for flip-flop based designs over the boundary of a single clock cycle. However, path delay faults may span multiple clock cycles, and a technique is desired to model and analyze such path delay faults. This is especially essential for latch based designs with multiple clock domains, because the problem of identifying untestable faults is more complex in such design environments. In this dissertation, we propose a three-step methodology to identify untestable M-pdfs in latch-based designs with multiple clocks using logic implications. / Ph. D.

Photovoltaics panel (PV) integration with the utility grid has been installed throughout the globe. The fault-monitoring technology for photovoltaics (PV) panels is a method to save energy production losses and become a key contributor to overall cost reduction in variable operating costs for photovoltaics systems. PV researchers today explore factors such as reducing utility energy bills and CO2 emissions, grid voltage stability, peak demand shaving, supply of electric power off-grid areas, and many more. The technology discussed is easy to incorporate, requires no additional hardware, doesn't alter the system’s stability, is implemented at a steady state point, and is helpful to record changes in PV cell operation from forward bias to reverse bias state. PV panel AC impedance can be used as an early-stage fault indicator. Also, comparing AC impedance magnitude and phase at maximum power point (MPP) or near MPP can help identify the nature of the fault in a PV system. The focus of the thesis is proposing the fault detection of 300 W PV panels using online AC impedance measurement, utilizing existing panel-level power optimizers and microinverters in a PV system to actively perturb small signals into the PV panel and compute its small signal impedance. The technology is incorporated in a power optimizer with C2000 MCU and helps identify hot spot faults and short circuit faults in a 300 W rooftop PV panel. Multiple PV panel faults scenarios such as hot spot faults, short circuit faults, junction box faults, and capacitor faults are investigated to deduct further the effectiveness of the online impedance measurement using a small signal. This thesis’s focus areas are, first, modeling the PV panel and power converter and incorporating fault scenarios to identify the fault indicators. Secondly, measuring PV panel impedance under normal and faulty conditions using an equipment-based offline technique. Lastly, measuring PV panel impedance under normal and faulty conditions using a power optimizer. / M.S. / A Photovoltaics panel is a series and parallel combination of many photovoltaics cells to generate electricity from sunlight via a photoelectric process. The fault-monitoring technology for photovoltaics (PV) panels is a method to save energy production losses and become a key contributor to overall cost reduction in variable operating costs for photovoltaics systems. The PV panel, over a period of time, can degrade with fluctuations in temperature and weather. Photovoltaics panel (PV) integration with the utility grid has been installed throughout the globe. PV researchers today explore factors such as reducing utility energy bills and CO2 emissions, grid voltage stability, peak demand shaving, supply of electric power off-grid areas, and many more. The technology discussed is easy to incorporate, requires no additional hardware, doesn't alter the system’s stability, is implemented at a steady state point, and is helpful to record changes in PV cell operation from forward bias to reverse bias state. A PV panel operating at maximum power point (MPP) generates direct current (DC) and maintains a stable voltage across the PV panel load. A small signal injection in PV panel current or voltage is an addition of a sinusoidal signal with an amplitude of 10 % to the operating point of PV panel voltage or current and frequency sweep between 10 Hz to 200 kHz. The PV panel's AC impedance is measured under small signal injection and can be used as an early-stage fault indicator. Also, comparing AC impedance magnitude and phase at maximum power point (MPP) or near MPP can help identify the nature of the fault in a PV system. The focus of the thesis is proposing the fault detection of PV panels using online AC impedance measurement and utilizing existing panel-level power optimizers and microinverters in a PV system to actively perturb small signals into the PV panel and compute its small signal impedance. The technology is incorporated in a power optimizer with C2000 MCU and helps identify hot spot faults and short circuit faults in a 300 W rooftop PV panel. This thesis’s focus areas are, modeling the PV panel and power converter and incorporating fault scenarios to identify the fault indicators. Multiple PV panel faults scenarios such as hot spot fault, short circuit fault, junction box fault, and capacitor fault are investigated to further deduct the effectiveness of the online impedance measurement using a small signal. Secondly, measuring PV panel impedance under normal and faulty conditions using an equipment-based offline technique. Lastly, measuring PV panel impedance under normal and faulty conditions using a power optimizer.

A seismic reflection study over the Bane anticline in southwest Virginia (37° 16' 50" N, 80° 41' 30" W) was made in an attempt to gain information about the thickness of sedimentary rocks in this part of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province. Eleven seismograms were obtained. In addition to frequency filtering, velocity filtering, and deconvolution, new methods of interpreting RMS velocity analyses were developed and applied. Persistent events at about 1.0 and 2.8 seconds were found, suggesting the presence of large reflection coefficients. On the basis of ultrasonic velocity measurements made on rock samples representative of the Cambrian sedimentary sequence and Precambrian basement rocks believed to underlie the Bane anticline, it was concluded that an unbroken Cambrian sequence overlying the basement could not produce reflection coefficients of the magnitude required, but that a thrust fault could. No definite conclusions about the structure beneath the Bane anticline could be reached, although the reflection at 2.8 seconds and the suggestion of a large reflection coefficient favor the interpretation of a thick, repeated sedimentary section. / Master of Science