No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Continued reduction in the size of a transistor has affected the reliability of pro- cessors built using them. This is primarily due to factors such as inaccuracies while manufacturing, as well as non-ideal operating conditions, causing transistors to slow down consistently, eventually leading to permanent breakdown and erroneous operation of the processor. Permanent transistor breakdown, or faults, can occur at any point in time in the processor's lifetime. Errors are the discrepancies in the output of faulty circuits. This dissertation shows that the components containing faults can continue operating if the errors caused by them are within certain bounds. Further, the lifetime of a processor can be increased by adding supportive structures that start working once the processor develops these hard errors. This dissertation has three major contributions, namely REPAIR, FaultSim and PreFix. REPAIR is a fault tolerant system with minimal changes to the processor design. It uses an external Instruction Re-execution Unit (IRU) to perform operations, which the faulty processor might have erroneously executed. Instructions that are found to use faulty hardware are then re-executed on the IRU. REPAIR shows that the performance overhead of such targeted re-execution is low for a limited number of faults. FaultSim is a fast fault-simulator capable of simulating large circuits at the transistor level. It is developed in this dissertation to understand the effect of faults on different circuits. It performs digital logic based simulations, trading off analogue accuracy with speed, while still being able to support most fault models. A 32-bit addition takes under 15 micro-seconds, while simulating more than 1500 transistors. It can also be integrated into an architectural simulator, which added a performance overhead of 10 to 26 percent to a simulation. The results obtained show that single faults cause an error in an adder in less than 10 percent of the inputs. PreFix brings together the fault models created using FaultSim and the design directions found using REPAIR. PreFix performs re-execution of instructions on a remote core, which pick up instructions to execute using a global instruction buffer. Error prediction and detection are used to reduce the number of re-executed instructions. PreFix has an area overhead of 3.5 percent in the setup used, and the performance overhead is within 5 percent of a fault-free case. This dissertation shows that faults in processors can be tolerated without explicitly switching off any component, and minimal redundancy is sufficient to achieve the same.

The mapped area represents the eastern three-fourths of the Malad Summit Quadrangle, Idaho. It lies mainly in the Bannock Range of southeastern Idaho. The northern and southern margins of the area are 25.5 miles and 17.0 miles, respectively, north of the Idaho-Utah State Line. The Caddy Canyon Formation of Late Precambrian age is the oldest exposed stratigraphic unit. The youngest unit, exclusively of Precambrian age, is the Mutual Formation. The Brigham Formation is considered to be of Late Precambrian to Early Cambrian(?) age. Younger formations of Cambrian to Silurian age are present. The Precambrian units, as well as the Brigham, consist chiefly of quartzite. Younger Paleozoic units are primarily limestone and dolomite. The Precambrian and Paleozoic units are unconformably overlapped by the Wasatch and Salt Lake Formations of Tertiary age. A major thrust fault is widely exposed in the mapped area. It places various formations of early Paleozoic age in thrust contact with the Brigham Formation. Several minor thrust faults are also present. The thrust faulting is related to the Laramide orogeny which was active in western United States from late Jurassic into Eocene. Normal faults, in the mapped area, trend generally north-south x and east-west. The north-south faults, characteristic of the Basin and Range province, are responsible f or most of the relief in the area. The normal faulting began as early as Oligocene and has continued intermittently to the present.

Includes bibliographical references. / 1 v. (various pagings) : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Consists of 75 published papers on structural geology and tectonics grouped into 5 broad themes -- and ore deposits; analogue modelling; extensional tectonics; thrust tectonics; and, tectonics, all presented in chronological order within the group. / Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2000

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005. / "December, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-48). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

In this thesis, we present the first detailed, long-term seismotectonic studies of oceanic ridge-transform systems. The proximity of the Juan de Fuca plate to a network of broadband seismic stations in western North America provides a unique synergy of interesting tectonic targets, high seismicity, and recording capabilities. Our main tools are earthquake source parameters, determined by robust waveform modeling techniques, and precise earthquake locations, determined by joint epicenter relocation. Regional broadband data are used to invert for the source moment tensors of the frequent, moderate-sized (M ≥ 4) earthquakes; this analysis began 1994. We include Harvard centroid moment-tensors available since 1976 for larger (M ≥ 5) earthquakes. Two studies comprise the main part of this thesis. In the first, we determine the current tectonics of Explorer region offshore western Canada. Earthquake slip vector azimuths along the Pacific-Explorer boundary require an independent Explorer plate. We determine its rotation pole and provide a tectonic model for the plate's history over the last 2 Ma. Plate motion changes caused distributed deformation in the plate's southeast corner and caused a small piece in the southwest corner to transfer to the Pacific plate. Capture of the plate fragment indicates that preserved fragments not necessary represent entire microplates. In the second study, we investigate seismicity and source parameters along the Blanco Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ). The deformation style-- strike slip and normal faulting-- correlates well with observed changes in BTFZ's morphology. We infer that Blanco Ridge probably consists of two fault segments, that several parallel faults are active along BTFZ's west part, and that Cascadia Depression possibly is a short spreading center. The slip distribution along the BTFZ is highly variable, although seismicity could account for the full plate motion rate along the entire BTFZ. The final part is a short study where we locate an earthquake in the tectonically active Mendocino triple junction region offshore northern California using land and offshore data. The precise location may be useful as a master event for relocating other earthquakes. / Graduation date: 1999