No description available.

Clinoptilolite is a zeolite and an aluminosilicate that can be fed to swine in order to reduce nutrients being excreted because of their molecular sieving properties, high cation exchange capacities, and a high affinity for the ammonium ion (NH4+). Preliminary research has been carried out on utilizing zeolite's unique characteristics for dietary supplementation for livestock, however much of this research is limited and is still in its infancy. / The results from this study show that the zeolite with a particle size distribution either >250 mum or mixed (50% particles greater and smaller than 250 mum) adsorbed the most NH4+. Macro mineral and heavy metal release was similar among all particle size distributions tested, but varied between sources of zeolite. Handling properties of zeolite were not affected by moisture content or particle size. The feed trial indicated that zeolite supplementation, combined with a low crude protein and energy diet and at an inclusion level of 4%, showed potential as a feed additive in swine diets for the purposes of nutrient reduction. Nevertheless, zeolite seemed to have a greater impact on energy ingestion, as compared to crude protein. Even at 6% zeolite inclusion in the feed, hog muscle, kidney and liver tissues showed no significant increase in heavy metal contents, as compared to those fed any zeolite.

The rapid growth of Canadian pork industry has been challenged by its negative impact on the environment. To find an economical and promising solution to the environmental problems, 4% zeolite (90%+ clinoptilolite) were supplemented to a regular (100% crude protein (CP) and energy) or low CP and energy (90% CP and 90% energy or 90% CP and 85% energy) grower pig diets. Twenty male and twenty-four female grower pigs were used in two feeding experiments respectively, followed by a metabolic test with three batches of animals repeated to determine the metabolic effects of zeolite supplementation. Pig performance (body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio), and metabolic parameters (manure mass, feed intake, protein and energy conversion, as well as dry feed and organic matter retention) were evaluated. Zeolite supplementation at 4% to a regular diet for grower pigs had a positive but not significant (P > 0.05) effect on all pig performance and metabolic parameters, compared to the regular diet without zeolite. Among 4 rations, pigs on a regular diet with 4% zeolite performed consistently best throughout the entire trail, with decreased average daily consumption and reduced amount of feces, increased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, improved feed as well as protein and energy conversion, and enhanced body weight gain. Moreover, zeolite supplementation at 4%, with 90% CP and 90% energy in grower pig diets, improved feed and protein and energy conversion rate, and increased body weight gain, when compared to those of pigs fed a regular diet without zeolite. However, a diet of 90% of CP and 85% of energy with 4% zeolite significantly (P < 0.05) increased feed consumption and the amount of feces produced, and decreased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, thus reducing feed conversion rate. Therefore, 4% zeolite supplementation to the regular or low CP and energy (90% C / Key words. Clinoptilolite, Pig, Pig Performance, Metabolic Parameter.

AlcellRTMlignin has been used commercially in adhesive preparation and brake pad linings and experimentally in animal feeds to reduce or eliminate diarrheal attacks in farm animals. Our study dealt with elucidating the antibacterial effect of AlcellRTMlignin. It would appear that adsorbance of E. coli cells to AlcellRTMlignin particles is not essential for destruction of the organism. / The antibacterial activity was delayed by the inclusion of Mg 2+ ions in the AlcellRTMlignin filtrate or in the enumeration medium (BHIA). Addition of bile salts to the enumeration medium (BHIA) enhanced the culturability loss of E. coli cells suspended in the filtrate of AlcellRTMlignin. Using FTIR methodology, it appears, that compounds of AlcellRTMlignin affect phospholipid-phospholipid and/or phospholipid-protein interactions in bacterial membranes, causing the patching of membrane phospholipids and proteins. / Additional studies are necessary to evaluate interactions of compounds of AlcellRTMlignin with bacterial cells.

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M. S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 11, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-90). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-63).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-72). Also available on the World Wide Web.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação do desempenho de 36 bovinos castrados Nelore confinados durante 100 dias de experimentação. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem ionóforo), 44 mg de lasalocida/kg de (MS) matéria seca de concentrado e 44 mg de monensina/kg de MS de concentrado. Como fonte de volumoso, foi utilizado feno de Coast-Cross (Cynodon dactylon) na proporção de 30% da MS da dieta total. Não houve efeito da suplementação de monensina e lasalocida sobre as concentrações sangüíneas de glicose e uréia. Após 35 dias de experimento, foi observada redução da ingestão de matéria seca dos animais submetidos ao tratamento com monensina, sendo -6,3% e -5,9% em relação aos animais do grupo controle e aos do tratamento com lasalocida, respectivamente (P<0,05). No que se refere ao demais parâmetros de desempenho, não foram observadas diferenças significativas no ganho médio diário (havendo apenas tendência, onde P<0,1668), eficiência alimentar, rendimento de carcaça, área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura subcutânea no decorrer do experimento / The present study was conducted to estimate performance of 36 castrated Nelore steers, in feedlot during 100 days of experiment. Treatments were: control (no ionophore), 44 mg of lasalocid/kg of concentrate in dry matter (DM) and 44 mg of monensin/kg of concentrate in DM. As forage, it was used Coast-Cross (Cynodon dactylon) hay, in 30% of total ration. There was not effect of monensin and lasalocid supplementation in blood glucose and urea concentrations. After 35 days of experiment, the dry matter intake decreased in monensin group, with -6,5% and -5,9%, for control and lasalocid groups (P<0,05). For other performance parameters, there were not significant diferences in daily gain (only tendence, with P<0,1668), feed efficiency, carcass dressing percentage, rib eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness through the experiment