Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-112).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains x, 146 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-111) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-106).

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-112) Also available in print.

There has been a great deal of concern regarding the extent of criminal behaviour and the effect of criminal behaviour on the criminal and on society generally. There is the general assumption that there are many differences between the female offender and the male offender. At the same time the law and the administration of justice are said to apply equally to both sexes. The dilemma Is partially resolved by an individual approach pursued by the personnel of the various institutions involved—the police officers, the magistrates or judges, the prosecutor, the probation officer, the prison matrons, the parole supervisor and all the people who come in contact with the woman from the time of arrest until the time of release. Many problems remain unsolved. The account of the process confronting the female offender is presented as objectively as possible based on information obtained mainly from interviews with representatives from the various institutions with whom the offender comes in contact; and, also from their records, from annual reports, brochures, Municipal by-laws, Federal and Provincial Statutes and the Criminal Code of Canada. It is an official account as compared to an unofficial account obtained from interviews with the women who are charged with various criminal offences. Statistics, while approximate figures, provide an estimate of the number of women charged with criminal offences and the types of crime in which they are frequently involved. The offences are by law indictable or summary offences, or can be either. Arrests can be made by certain persons under specified conditions. Bail may be granted or refused. The person who has been arrested may be locked in the City Gaol. There are various sentences permitted by law to be administered by the courts. The female offender may receive a suspended sentence. She may be placed on probation. She may be sent to prison at Oakalla or Kingston Penitentiary. Parole may be granted or refused. She obtains a criminal record. A combined individual-group approach to treatment might be more beneficial and have more lasting results than a primarily Individual approach or primarily a group approach. Successful rehabilitation may depend more on a well-informed public than on a sympathetic public made up of people who are willing to "take a chance" on hiring her or renting a room to her. An integrated team applying the problem-solving approach might result in a lower recidivist rate if any or all of the members of the team were made available to the offender when she first becomes arrested and is charged with a criminal offence. The distance must be lessened between the cultural expectations of the individual and the individual's ability to meet those expectations in socially acceptable ways. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Psychopathy and alexithymia are disorders with many conceptual similarities. For example, Factor 1 of the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) contains items like shallow affect and lack of empathy, which seem to map on to the construct of alexithymia. Additionally, both psychopaths and alexithymics display striking differences from others in their use of language, especially affective language. The two areas of interest in the present study were (a) occurrence and co—occurrence of psychopathy and alexithymia in a sample of female inmates, and (b) the relationship between affective language and these two disorders. Psychopathy and alexithymia were assessed in 37 women offenders incarcerated in a Burnaby Correctional Centre, using the PCL-R and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale ( TAS; Taylor, Ryan & Bagby, 1985). Each subject was presented with a short written scenario designed to elicit an emotional response, and asked to describe the feelings of the characters in the story. Their taped responses were analyzed for measures of affect. Base rates of both disorders were comparable to those in similar samples, ( 30% of the inmates were diagnosed as psychopathic; 33% as alexithymic) but the coxnorbidity rate was only 8%. There was a significant correlation between alexithymia scores and PCL—R Factor 2 scores — the factor assessing antisocial behaviour. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the TAS and PCL-R were both predictive of violence. This relationship between the PCL-R and violence is well substantiated; that the TAS also predicts violence is a newer finding. Alexithymics spoke more slowly, used fewer total words overall and fewer affective words, and displayed less emotion in their voices than did nonalexithymics. Psychopaths could not be identified by any vocal measures except a slight tendency to speak faster than nonpsychopaths. Although both disorders are characterized’ by affective impoverishment, the verbal expressions of affect were very different in psychopaths and alexithymics. The psychopaths were adept at convincing raters of an emotional investment they did not feel; alexithymics could not disguise their lack of appropriate emotional response. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

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