Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal plant with potential applications in the natural health product industry. In a multi-environmental setting, 10 genotypes were tested across 14 growing environments (using a Randomized Complete Block Design), representing irrigated and rainfed growing conditions in southern Alberta, Canada over two cropping years (2006 and 2007). The objectives of this study were (1) to determine seed yield, plus content and productivity of selected bioactive compounds (galactomannan, diosgenin and 4-hydroxyisoleucine), (2) to assess the impact of growing environment on these variables and (3) to identify promising genotypes for breeding and industrial use. Using principal component and cluster analyses, the study provides insight on the relative influence of growing environments and genes on the biochemical and agronomical traits as well as identifies genotypes based on performance and stability. These are useful as parental materials in cultivar development for the Canadian natural health product industry. / xiii, 154 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Nov. 25, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Science, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

Diversas medidas são adotadas com o objetivo de restabelecer a produção de leite materno, entre elas estão os galactagogos, substâncias com propriedades estimulantes para a lactação materna. Muitas dessas substâncias são de origem vegetal, cujo uso é amplamente disseminado pela cultura popular. Uma das plantas comumente utilizada é a Trígonella foenum-graecum, popularmente conhecida como Fenogrego. Apesar de existirem relatos de casos onde o Fenogrego exerceu ação positiva sobre a lactação materna, não existem estudos sistemáticos que corroborem seu efeito galactagogo, e mais importantes, que determinem sua segurança no que diz respeito à toxicidade. Assim, a proposta deste estudo foi verificar, durante a lactação, o efeito galactagogo do fenogrego bem como os possíveis efeitos maternos e no desenvolvimento da prole de ratas. Para tanto, ratas Wistar foram tratadas, por gavagem. Nossos resultados mostram que nas doses utilizadas, não existe toxicidade aparente do fenogrego. No entanto, também não foi observado nenhum efeito positivo sobre a produção de leite ou sobre o desenvolvimento da prole / There are different methods used to restore the breast milk production, and one of them is the galactagogues, substances with maternal lactation stimulant properties. Many of these substances are of vegetable origin, whose use is widely disseminated through popular culture. One of the plants most commonly used is the Trigonella foenum-graecum, popularly known as fenugreek. There are different reports describing the positive effect of fenugreek on maternal lactation; however, there are no systematic studies that support its galactagogue effect. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify, during lactation, the effect of galactagogue fenogreek and maternal effects and development of offspring rats. To this end, female rats received by gavage different doses of fenugreek\'s dry seed extract. Our results demonstrate, in the used doses, there is no toxic effect. However, at the tested doses, the treatment also did not stimulate the maternal lactation

Diversas medidas são adotadas com o objetivo de restabelecer a produção de leite materno, entre elas estão os galactagogos, substâncias com propriedades estimulantes para a lactação materna. Muitas dessas substâncias são de origem vegetal, cujo uso é amplamente disseminado pela cultura popular. Uma das plantas comumente utilizada é a Trígonella foenum-graecum, popularmente conhecida como Fenogrego. Apesar de existirem relatos de casos onde o Fenogrego exerceu ação positiva sobre a lactação materna, não existem estudos sistemáticos que corroborem seu efeito galactagogo, e mais importantes, que determinem sua segurança no que diz respeito à toxicidade. Assim, a proposta deste estudo foi verificar, durante a lactação, o efeito galactagogo do fenogrego bem como os possíveis efeitos maternos e no desenvolvimento da prole de ratas. Para tanto, ratas Wistar foram tratadas, por gavagem. Nossos resultados mostram que nas doses utilizadas, não existe toxicidade aparente do fenogrego. No entanto, também não foi observado nenhum efeito positivo sobre a produção de leite ou sobre o desenvolvimento da prole / There are different methods used to restore the breast milk production, and one of them is the galactagogues, substances with maternal lactation stimulant properties. Many of these substances are of vegetable origin, whose use is widely disseminated through popular culture. One of the plants most commonly used is the Trigonella foenum-graecum, popularly known as fenugreek. There are different reports describing the positive effect of fenugreek on maternal lactation; however, there are no systematic studies that support its galactagogue effect. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify, during lactation, the effect of galactagogue fenogreek and maternal effects and development of offspring rats. To this end, female rats received by gavage different doses of fenugreek\'s dry seed extract. Our results demonstrate, in the used doses, there is no toxic effect. However, at the tested doses, the treatment also did not stimulate the maternal lactation

Soy whey protein isolate (SWPI) – Fenugreek gum conjugates were developed and their molecular characteristics and emulsifying properties were investigated. SWPI was extracted from soy whey of tofu processing. SWPI exhibited excellent emulsifying properties comparable to soy protein isolate. However, to improve the emulsifying properties of SWPI for some applications, it was conjugated to fenugreek gum. The extent of conjugation was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The SDS-PAGE of the conjugates showed polydispersed bands at the top of the separating gel in the conjugates suggesting the formation of high molecular weight products. Refractive index spectrum of HPSEC profiles showed a reduction of protein peak of unconjugated mixture and shifted a peak to higher molecular weight of the conjugates. Ultraviolet spectrum of HPSEC showed an increase of protein peak intensity at polysaccharide region. FTIR spectrum showed an amide band I and II were still observed in the conjugates after the unreacted proteins were removed. 1D NMR spectra showed that fenugreek gum was covalently bound to proteins through interaction between the reducing end of mannose residue and lysine. The protein solubility of SWPI – Fenugreek gum conjugates improved as compared to SWPI and SWPI – Fenugreek gum mixture when assessed in the pH range 3 to 8 at 22oC, especially at isoelectric point of protein (pl). A 1:3 and 1:5 ratio of SWPI – Fenugreek gum gave rise to better emulsion stabilization compared to 1:1 ratio. Particle size analysis revealed that conjugation of SWPI – Fenugreek gum at 60oC for 3 days was enough to produce relatively small droplet sizes in oil-in-water emulsions. SWPI – Unhydrolyzed fenugreek gum conjugates exhibited better emulsifying properties compared to SWPI – Partially hydrolyzed fenugreek gum conjugates. The conjugates improved emulsifying properties of SWPI, particularly around the pl of protein. The emulsifying properties were greatly increased by heating the conjugates before emulsification. The conjugates also improved emulsion stability at high salt concentration compared to SWPI. In summary, incorporation of SWPI into fenugreek gum improved emulsifying properties of SWPI near the pl of protein and at high salt concentration. / No / No

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) was recently introduced to western Canada as a forage crop. To reach its full potential, high yielding, early maturing fenugreek cultivars that produce good seed yield and quality within 100 frost free days need to be developed. In this study, mutation breeding approach was used on five locally adapted fenugreek genotypes to generate variants showing improved seed yield and yield attributing traits that can be used for cultivar development. Mutant generations of these plants were evaluated in multi-location, multi-year trials, and individual plants were selected for high seed and biomass yield. Seeds from a tetraploid fenugreek line and its diploid parent Tristar were grown under multiple environments to understand effect of environment on seed oil content. In addition, mold resistant fenugreek genotypes were identified by screening a collection of fenugreek accessions against a destructive fungal pathogen Cercospora traversiana. / xv, 179 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

No description available.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a single-cut, annual legume typically grown for seed. Fenugreek has potential as a forage because it maintains high quality throughout the growing season, and offers the benefits of a legume in a crop rotation. This work aimed to evaluate the growth of two fenugreek genotypes, AAFC F70 and CDC Quatro, in the central AB area over two growing seasons, and to evaluate fenugreek haylage degradation and digestion in dairy cows. In general, the two genotypes were similar in their growth patterns and fenugreek biomass yield was comparable to alfalfa in the same area. Plant quality was sufficient to be used for lactating dairy cows. The digestion studies revealed that while Quatro haylage was comparable to alfalfa haylage, F70 haylage was of lower quality and was not utilized to the same extent by dairy cows as the other two forage types. / Plant Science

[ES] Esta tesis aborda la caracterización y posible utilización de la goma de alholva (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (FSG, por sus siglas en inglés) en la nutrición de gazapos durante el período posterior al destete como una alternativa al uso de antimicrobianos, centrándose en el comportamiento de la goma extraída con diferentes niveles de fibra dietaria, tanto in vitro como in vivo. En el primer experimento, a partir de una dieta basal comercial de conejo, se formularon tres dietas experimentales con niveles graduales de inclusión de FSG (0, 0.25, 0.50%) administrados a tres grupos de conejos desde el destete a los 31 días hasta el sacrificio a los 94 días. Se estudió el efecto de las dietas experimentales sobre la digestibilidad fecal en dos edades (38-41 días y 56-59 días), además de los parámetros de fermentación cecal al final del experimento. Por otro lado, a partir de la misma dieta comercial de conejo, se formularon cinco dietas experimentales que contenían 0. 0.125, 0.25, 0.50 y 100% de FSG, que se sometieron a incubación in vitro con inóculo cecal de conejo durante 72 h. Se midieron la producción de gas y las variables de fermentación. La digestibilidad fecal aparente y los parámetros de fermentación cecal no se vieron afectados significativamente por la inclusión in vivo de FSG hasta 0.5%. Sin embargo, los animales alimentados con FSG mostraron valores de pH cecal más bajos. La inclusión gradual en la dieta de FSG aumentó la concentración in vitro de ácidos grasos volátiles (VFA, por sus siglas en inglés), mientras que el FSG puro aumentó la producción asintótica de gas y la tasa máxima de degradación del sustrato y disminuyó el tiempo de incubación en el que se forma la mitad de la cantidad asintótica de gas. La incubación in vitro de FSG puro disminuyó el valor del pH, la concentración de ácido láctico y la concentración de N-NH3, y aumentó la de VFA. En el segundo experimento, el FSG se caracterizó para determinar su composición química, su contenido de galactosa y manosa y su potencial como prebiótico. Se evaluaron tanto FSG puro como niveles graduales (0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 g/kg) incluidos en dietas ricas en fibra soluble (SF, por sus siglas en inglés) de pulpa de remolacha (incluida al 10%) y dietas ricas en fibra insoluble (IF, por sus siglas en ingles) de semilla de uva desengrasada (incluida al 10%). Se sometieron a digestión enzimática con pepsina y pancreatina y luego sus fracciones indigestibles se sometieron a fermentación usando inóculo cecal. Se midieron las fracciones no digestibles después de la digestión enzimática, así como las fracciones no fermentables y las variables de fermentación después del tiempo de incubación (48 h). La FSG se compone principalmente de galactosa y manosa (630 g/kg) en una proporción de 1: 1 y un nivel moderado de proteínas (223 g/kg). El FSG puro se vio poco afectado por la digestión enzimática, ya que solo se disolvieron 145 g/kg. Sin embargo, desapareció casi por completo (984 g/kg) durante el proceso de fermentación. En consecuencia, FSG aumentó la concentración de VFA, disminuyó el valor de pH y la concentración de N-NH3. La inclusión gradual de FSG en las dietas de conejos afectó la digestión de algunos nutrientes, como las fracciones fibrosas, el almidón y las proteínas, además de aumentar la fracción fermentada en la dieta SF, pero sin ningún efecto relevante en el perfil de fermentación. En el tercer experimento, se formularon cuatro dietas de acuerdo con un diseño factorial 2 x 2: una dieta convencional de conejo (C), la misma dieta C suplementada con 10 g / kg de FSG, una dieta de bajo riesgo (LR, por sus siglas en inglés) y la misma dieta LR suplementada con 10 g/kg de FSG. Las dietas C y LR se diferenciaban en el nivel de SF y proteína bruta (CP, por sus siglas en inglés) (104 vs 205 y 156 vs 121 g/kg de SF y CP respectivamente para dietas C y LR). Doscientos dieciséis conejos de la línea LP se alojaron en jaulas individuales, se dividieron aleatoriamente entre los cuatro tratamientos y se les permitió el libre acceso al alimento y al agua. La mortalidad, la morbilidad, el índice de riesgo sanitario (HRi, por sus siglas en inglés), la ingestión diaria de pienso (DFI, por sus siglas en inglés), la ganancia media diaria (ADG, por sus siglas en inglés) y el índice de conversión alimenticia (FCR, por sus siglas en inglés) se controlaron hasta los 63 días de edad. El coeficiente de digestibilidad aparente total del tracto digestivo (CTTAD, por sus siglas en inglés) de los nutrientes se determinó en doce conejos por tratamiento, entre los 49 y 53 días de edad y finalmente se midió el ambiente cecal a los 63 días de edad. La inclusión de FSG en la dieta a 10 g/kg de alimento no afectó al rendimiento durante el cebo ni al CTTAD de los nutrientes, pero aumentó ligeramente la digestibilidad de la fibra neutrodetergente (NDF, por sus siglas en inglés) y la fibra ácido-detergente (ADF, por sus siglas en inglés) en las dietas C. Del mismo modo, los parámetros cecales no se vieron afectados por la inclusión de FSG, excepto la concentración de ácido caproico en las dietas C. Sin embargo, las dietas LR disminuyeron la mortalidad, HRi, DFI, ADG y CTTAD de materia orgánica y CP pero aumentaron FCR y CTTAD de NDF y ADF con respecto a las dietas C. Además, las dietas LR aumentaron la concentración de VFA, la proporción de ácido acético, isobutírico e isovalérico mientras que disminuyeron la materia seca del contenido cecal, NNH3 y la proporción de ácidos butírico, caproico y valérico. En resumen, la FSG responde perfectamente a las dos primeras condiciones para ser un prebiótico, ya que no es digestible por las enzimas gastrointestinales antes del ciego y es altamente fermentado una vez que alcanza el ciego. Parece afectar selectivamente a la microbiota cecal debido a su efecto sobre la concentración de VFA y N-NH3, además de su efecto sobre la proporción de caproico y valérico en dietas convencionales. FSG podría aumentar la viscosidad de la digesta limitando la solubilización de algunos nutrientes como el almidón y la proteína. FSG parece ser más efectivo en dietas comerciales convencionales que en dietas de bajo riesgo. Finalmente, se confirmó que las dietas con alto nivel de SF y bajo de CP podrían ser una buena herramienta contra la enteropatía epizoótica del conejo (ERE, por sus siglas en inglés) en un sistema de producción no medicado, a costa de peores parámetros de crecimiento. / [EN] This thesis tackles the possible characterisation and utilisation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed gum (FSG) in the nutrition of young rabbits during the post-weaning period as an alternative to antimicrobials uses. The study was focussed on the behaviour of the extracted gum with different dietary fibre levels, both in vitro and in vivo. In a first trial, starting from a basal commercial rabbit diet, three experimental diets were formulated with gradual levels of inclusion of FSG (0, 0.25, 0.50 %) given to three groups of rabbits starting from weaning at 31 days old to slaughter 94 days old. The effect of the experimental diets was studied on the faecal digestibility of the diet in two ages (38-41 days and 56-59days) and on the caecal fermentation parameters at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, starting from the same commercial rabbit diet five experimental diets were formulated containing 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50 and 100% of FSG that were submitted to in vitro incubation with rabbit caecal inoculum during 72h. Gas production and fermentation traits were measured. Apparent faecal digestibility and caecal fermentation parameters were not significantly affected by the in vivo inclusion of FSG up to 0.5%. However, animals fed with FSG showed lower caecal pH values. Gradual dietary inclusion of FSG increased in vitro concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), while pure FSG increased the asymptotic gas production and the maximum substrate degradation rate and decreased the time after incubation at which half of the asymptotic amount of gas is formed. In vitro incubation of pure FSG decreased pH value, lactic acid concentration and N-NH3 concentration and increased that of VFA. In a second trial, FSG was characterised determining its chemical composition, galactose and mannose content and prebiotic potential. Pure FSG and gradual levels of FSG (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg), included both in diets rich in soluble fibre (SF) from beet pulp (included at 10%) or in diets rich in insoluble fibre (IF) from defatted grape seeds (included at 10 %), were evaluated. They were submitted to enzymatic digestion with pepsin and pancreatin and then their indigestible fractions were submitted to fermentation using caecal inoculum. The indigestible fractions after enzymatic digestion were measured, as well as the nonfermentable fractions and the fermentation traits after incubation time (48 h). FSG was mostly composed of galactose and mannose (630 g/kg) in 1:1 ratio and a moderate protein level (223 g/kg). Pure FSG was weakly affected by enzymatic digestion, only 145 g/kg was dissolved. However, it was almost entirely disappeared (984 g/kg) during the fermentation process. Consequently, FSG increased VFA concentration and decreased both pH value and N-NH3 concentration. Th gradual inclusion of FSG in rabbit’s diets affected some nutrients digestion such as the fibre fractions, starch and protein, besides to increase the fermentation fraction in SF diet but without any relevant effect on the fermentation profile. In a last third trial, four diets were formulated according to 2 x 2 factorial design: a conventional rabbit diet (C), the same C diet supplemented by 10 g/kg of FSG, a low-risk diet (LR), and the same LR diet supplemented by 10 g/kg of FSG. C and LR diets differed in SF and crude protein levels (CP) (104 vs 205 and 156 vs 121 g/kg of SF and CP respectively for C and LR diets). Two hundred and sixteen weaned rabbits (28 days of age) of the LP line were allocated in individual cages and divided randomly between the four treatments and allowed free access to feed and water. Mortality, morbidity, health risk index (HRi), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were controlled until 63 days of age. Coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, on twelve rabbits per treatment, was determined from 49 to 53 days of age and finally, caecal environment was measured at 63 days of age. FSG dietary inclusion at 10 g/kg did not affect performance or CTTAD of nutrients but did slightly increased neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility in C diets. Similarly, caecal parameters were not affected by FSG except caproic acid concentration in C diets. Nevertheless, LR diets decreased mortality, HRi, DFI, ADG and CTTAD of organic matter and CP but increased FCR and CTTAD of NDF and ADF respect to C diets. Moreover, LR diets increased VFA concentration, the proportion of acetic, isobutyric and isovaleric while decreased the dry matter of the caecal content, N-NH3 and the proportion of butyric, caproic and valeric acids. To summarise, FSG perfectly responds to the two first conditions to be prebiotic, being not digestible by gastrointestinal enzymes before the caecum and highly fermented once reached the caecum. It seems to affect selectively caecal microbiota due to its effect on VFA and N-NH3 concentration besides to its effect on caproic and valeric proportions in conventional diets. FSG could increase viscosity of digesta limiting the solubilisation of some nutrients such starch and protein. FSG seems to be more effective in conventional commercial diets than in low-risk diets. Finally, it was confirmed that diets with high SF level and low CP could be a good tool against epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) in a nomedicated breeding system at the cost of impaired growth parameters. / [CA] Aquesta tesi aborda la caracterització i possible utilització de la goma de fenigrec (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (FSG, per les sigles en anglès) en la nutrició del conills durant el període posterior al deslletament com una alternativa a l'ús d'antimicrobians, centrant-se en el comportament de la goma extreta amb diferents nivells de fibra dietària, tant in vitro com in vivo. En el primer experiment, a partir d'una dieta basal comercial de conill, es van formular tres dietes experimentals amb nivells graduals d'inclusió de FSG (0, 0.25, 0.50%) administrats a tres grups de conills des del deslletament als 31 dies fins al sacrifici als 94 dies. Es va estudiar l'efecte de les dietes experimentals sobre la digestibilitat fecal en dues edats (38-41 dies i 56-59 dies), a més dels paràmetres de fermentació cecal a la fi de l'experiment. D'altra banda, a partir de la mateixa dieta comercial de conill, es van formular cinq dietes experimentals que contenien 0. 0.125, 0.25, 0,50 i 100% de FSG, que es van sotmetre a incubació in vitro amb inòcul cecal de conill durant 72 h. Es van mesurar la producció de gas i les variables de fermentació. La digestibilitat fecal aparent i els paràmetres de fermentació cecal no es van veure afectats significativament per la inclusió in vivo de FSG fins a 0.5%. No obstant això, els animals alimentats amb FSG van mostrar valors de pH cecal més baixos. La inclusió gradual en la dieta de FSG va augmentar la concentració in vitro d'àcids grassos volàtils (VFA, per les sigles en anglès), mentre que el FSG pur va augmentar la producció asimptòtica de gas i la taxa màxima de degradació del substrat i va disminuir el temps d'incubació en el qual es forma la meitat de la quantitat asimptòtica de gas. La incubació in vitro d'FSG pur va disminuir el valor del pH, la concentració d'àcid làctic i la concentració de N-NH3, i va augmentar la de VFA. En el segon experiment, el FSG es va caracteritzar per determinar la seva composició química, el seu contingut de galactosa i manosa i el seu potencial com prebiòtic. Es van avaluar tant FSG pur com nivells graduals (0, 5, 10, 15 i 20 g/kg) inclosos en dietes riques en fibra soluble (SF, per les sigles en anglès) de polpa de remolatxa (inclosa al 10%) i dietes riques en fibra insoluble (IF, per les sigles en anglès) de llavor de raïm desgreixada (inclosa al 10%). Es van sotmetre a digestió enzimàtica amb pepsina i pancreatina i després les fraccions indigeribles es van sotmetre a fermentació usant inòcul cecal. Es van mesurar les fraccions no digestibles després de la digestió enzimàtica, així com les fraccions no fermentables i les variables de fermentació després del temps d'incubació (48 h). La FSG es compon principalment de galactosa i manosa (630 g/kg) en una proporció de 1: 1 i un nivell moderat de proteïnes (223 g/kg). El FSG pur es va veure poc afectat per la digestió enzimàtica, ja que només es van dissoldre 145 g/kg. No obstant això, va desaparèixer gairebé del tot (984 g/kg) durant el procés de fermentació. En conseqüència, FSG va augmentar la concentració de VFA, va disminuir el valor de pH i la concentració de N-NH3. La inclusió gradual de FSG en les dietes de conills va afectar la digestió d'alguns nutrients, com les fraccions fibroses, el midó i les proteïnes, a més d'augmentar la fracció fermentada en la dieta SF, però sense cap efecte rellevant en el perfil de fermentació. En el tercer experiment, es van formular quatre dietes d'acord amb un disseny factorial 2 x 2: una dieta convencional de conill (C), la mateixa dieta C suplementada amb 10 g/kg de FSG, una dieta de baix risc (LR, per les sigles en anglès) i la mateixa dieta LR suplementada amb 10 g/kg de FSG. Les dietes C i LR es diferenciaven en el nivell de SF i proteïna bruta (CP, per les sigles en anglès) (104 vs 205 i 156 vs 121 g/kg de SF i CP respectivament per a dietes C i LR). Doscents setze conills de la línia LP es van allotjar en gàbies individuals, es van dividir aleatòriament entre els quatre tractaments i se'ls va permetre el lliure accés a l'aliment i a l'aigua. La mortalitat, la morbiditat, l'índex de risc sanitari (HRi, per les sigles en anglès), la ingestió diària de pinso (DFI, per les sigles en anglès), el guany mitjá diari (ADG, per les sigles en anglès) i l'índex de conversió alimentària (FCR, per les sigles en anglès) es van controlar fins als 63 dies d'edat. El coeficient de digestibilitat aparent total del tracte digestiu (CTTAD, per les sigles en anglès) dels nutrients es va determinar en dotze conills per tractament, entre els 49 i 53 dies d'edat i finalment es va mesurar l'ambient cecal als 63 dies d'edat. La inclusió de FSG en la dieta a 10 g/kg d'aliment no va afectar el rendiment durant l'engreix ni el CTTAD dels nutrients, però va augmentar lleugerament la digestibilitat de la fibra neutre-detergent (NDF, per les sigles en anglès) i la fibra àcid-detergent (ADF, per les sigles en anglès) en les dietes C. De la mateixa manera, els paràmetres cecals no es van veure afectats per la inclusió de FSG, excepte la concentració d'àcid caproic en les dietes C. No obstant això, les dietes LR van disminuir la mortalitat, HRi, DFI, ADG i CTTAD de matèria orgànica i CP però van augmentar FCR i CTTAD de NDF i ADF pel que fa a les dietes C. A més, les dietes LR van augmentar la concentració de VFA, la proporció d'àcid acètic, isobutíric i isovalèric mentre que van disminuir la matèria seca del contingut cecal, N-NH3 i la proporció d'àcids butíric, caproic i valéric. En resum, la FSG respon perfectament a les dues primeres condicions per ser un prebiòtic, ja que no és digestible pels enzims gastrointestinals abans del cec i és altament fermentat un cop que arriba al cec. Sembla afectar selectivament a la microbiota cecal pel seu efecte sobre la concentració de VFA i N-NH3, a més del seu efecte sobre la proporció de caproic i valéric en dietes convencionals. FSG podria augmentar la viscositat de la digesta limitant la solubilització d'alguns nutrients com el midó i la proteïna. FSG sembla ser més efectiu en dietes comercials convencionals que en dietes de baix risc. Finalment, es va confirmar que les dietes amb alt nivell de SF i baix de CP podrien ser una bona eina contra la enteropatia epizoòtica del conill (ERE, per les sigles en anglès) en un sistema de producció no medicat, a costa d'pitjors paràmetres de creixement. / Jihed, Z. (2020). In vitro and in vivo characterization of galactomannanes extracted from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) for young rabbit nutrition [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/153714 / TESIS

Curcumin, a polyphenol, has been suggested to improve metabolic byproduct clearance and increase nitric oxide production in working muscle. These purported effects may delay neuromuscular fatigue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of curcumin in combination with fenugreek (CUR) or fenugreek soluble fiber alone (FEN) on the neuromuscular fatigue threshold (PWCFT), time to exhaustion (Tlim) on a graded exercise test (GXT), and O2peak in untrained subjects.Forty-seven,college-aged, aerobically untrained individuals were randomly assigned to one of three supplementation groups; placebo (PLA, n=15),curcumin + fenugreek, CurQfen® (CUR, n=18), or fenugreek soluble fiber (FEN, n=14). All subjects performed a maximal GXT on a cycle ergometer to determine the PWCFT, Tlim, and O2peak before (PRE-test) and after (POST-test) 28 days of daily supplementation. Statistical analyses included 3 separate, one-way ANCOVAs to determine if there were any differences among the groups (PLA, CUR, FEN) for adjusted post-test scores for the PWCFT, O2peak, and Tlim. The respective pre-test score was used as the covariate. In addition, reliability analyses (PRE- to POST-test) for the PLA group were used to calculate the minimal difference needed to be real (MD). The adjusted POST PWCFTvalues showed no statistical differences between groups (F= 3.141p= 0.053); however pairwise LSD comparisons indicated a significant difference between the CUR and PLA groups (p= 0.016), but not between the CUR and FEN groups. Therefore, separate one-way ANCOVAs were used to examine the adjusted PWCFTmeans for the PLA vs. CUR (F = 4.906, p =0.035) and the PLA vs. FEN (F = 2.969, p = 0.097). The one- way ANCOVA for O2peak (F= 0.612 p= 0.547) and Tlim(F = 0.688, p = 0.508) values showed no statistical difference among the groups. Individual responses in each group showed ~ 20% of subjects in the CUR group, ~ 7% in the FEN group, and ~6% in the PLA group had values greater than the MD for the PWCFT, but none of the subjects in the PLA, FEN, or CUR groups exceeded the MD for O2peak or Tlim. These findings indicatedCurQfen® supplementation increased the PWCFTcompared to a placebo, but not compared to fenugreek soluble fiber alone. However, there were no effects of CurQfen® on O2 peak or Tlim. The mechanisms responsible for delaying time to neuromuscular fatigue may include increased NO production and increased blood flow to remove metabolic byproducts; however, the cellular changes which could lead to increases in Tlim andO2peak may not have been sensitive to the GXT protocol or the given dosage of curcumin supplementation. Considering individual responses, CurQfen® supplementation resulted in a real change in the PWCFTfor a small portion of the subjects (~20%). These findings suggested that CurQfen® supplementation without exercise training may help to improve time to neuromuscular fatigue in certain individuals, but the group mean analyses were not necessarily reflective of the responses for a majority of the subjects.