Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-133).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisor: Robert A. Hummer. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2005. / Vita. Thesis advisor: Andrew Foster. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-127). Also available online.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Rapid urbanization of India in recent years has increased the wealth of the country and along with it, raised the urban slum population. Slum dwellers typically live below the poverty line and have no or minimal access to clean water, sanitation, education and public health. The urban unattended birth rate is attributable mainly to women in slums in big Indian cities who face many hurdles in accessing public healthcare facilities. To deal with this issue, the government of India initiated the “National Urban Health Mission” (NUHM) in 2013, which focused on the reduction of maternal and infant mortality rate. This program was preceded by the “National Rural Health Mission” (NRHM) in 2005, which was implemented to rural areas of India with similar ideals, and managed to lower maternal and infant mortality rates. This paper is a critical appraisal of the NUHM scheme by analyzing the achievements, loop holes and setbacks of the previously introduced NRHM upon which the NUHM is based. While the NRHM achieved improvement in attended birth rates, it did not consider various factors that play a key role in the care seeking behavior of women such as maternal education level, social factors and norms. The NUHM also excludes these factors from the scope of the program. The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of the NRHM in assessing whether the NUHM can meet its goals and expectations. Method: Information was extracted mainly from government of India sources such as District Level Health Surveys 2 and 3 (DLHS-2 and DLHS-3), National Family Health Survey- 3 (NFHS-3) and the Census of India, 2011 until July 2013. Articles were searched from PubMed, Google and Google scholar using the key words unattended birth, skilled birth, India, urban, slum. Conclusion of Abstract: A unified approach involving the ministry of health, ministry of education and communication and media is needed to deal effectively in implementing the NUHM and sustaining the NRHM. / published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

No description available.

This study investigates the influence of socio-economic and attitudinal factors on recent changes in marriage and fertility in Japan. Using macroand micro-data (collected especially for this research), the study examines the validity of three main theories: (1) the New Home Economics theory; (2) Easterlin's theory; and (3) the ideational (or attitudinal) theory in detemining Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. The findings of this study show that socio-economic factors exert a substantial effect on Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. More specifically, an increase in women's earning capacity raised their marriage age, lowered the level of their fertility, and lengthened their birth intervals. This evidence is in agreement with the New Home Economics theory. On the other hand, relative economic status also affected Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. An improvement in the economic situation of young adults encouraged them to marry earlier, and to have more children. These findings support Easterlin's theory. However, comparing the two theories, the longitudinal trend of marriage and fertility pattern in Japan is better explained by the New Home Economics theory than Easterlin's theory. The level of women's wages had a relatively stronger impact on these patterns than their relative economic status. The findings also reveal that attitudinal factors play a significant role in determining Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. As women became less committed to traditional norms and values, they married later, had fewer children and lengthened their birth intervals. Likewise, the reinforcement of women's individualistic attitudes raised their marriage age, lowered the level of their fertility, and delayed their entry to parenthood. This evidence indicates that marriage and fertility pattern in Japan cannot be due entirely to socio-economic factors. Comparing socio-economic and attitudinal factors, the former had a greater influence on marriage and fertility behaviour than the latter. We conclude from the findings of this study that Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour are affected both by socio-economic and attitudinal (ideational) factors, but the influence of the latter is secondary.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 2001.