Akademisk avhandling--Upsala.

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This thesis aims to examine the modes of production and the sources of metal supply for Migration period bow brooches, concentrating on a single form, the Anglian cruciform brooch. The thesis is in two volumes; text and bibliography (volume 1), catalogues, tables, illustrations (volume 2). The text is in six chapters. Attitudes to artefact studies are briefly discussed in Chapter 1 and the techniques employed in this study are outlined. Chapter 2 places the cruciform brooch forms into a simple hierarchical typology by formal similarity. A relative chronology is gained by contextual evidence, with absolute dates given by associations with other artefact types. Similarities between early English and continental forms are shown to be adequate to suggest importation, during the first half of the fifth century. Frisian and north German brooches have a special place in this system. Parallel stylistic development persisted during the second half of the fifth century but sixth-century English brooches are well distinguished from their continental contemporaries. Simple brooch types are thought to have had a long period of production and use. By examining methods of casting and assembling cruciform brooches, Chapter 3 establishes the types and ranges of technical variation observable. Some of these technical attributes provide links between England, Frisia, northern Germany and Denmark. English brooch manufacture is diverse throughout the period under study. Norwegian metalworkers developped a very different style and the technical evidence suggests a movement towards standardisation and mass production. In Chapter 4 we discover the types of alloy used and discuss the likely sources. Initially the alloys used were leaded brasses or bronzes. By the sixth century, copper alloys were commonly very impure. It is suggested that recycling provided a major part of the raw materials for cast copper alloys. Imports of copper alloys from France or the Celtic regions of Britain are relegated to a position of minor importance. The chemical compositions of Norwegian, Frisian, north German and Dutch cruciform brooches demonstrates access to high-tin, high-purity bronzes prevailed throughout the period. Brasses and mixed alloys were also available, probably originating from scrap. With the exception of Frisia, which appears to be more similar to Kent, alloy supplies were similar throughout the Scandinavian and continental cruciform brooch production. Chapter 5 provides a synthesis for these findings. Plans are given for a project extension into other regions (Chapter 6).

Th.--Archéol. / Bibliogr. p. 235-246.

Il n'existe à ce jour aucune monographie d'ensemble sur la répartition des offrandes dans les lieux de culte de la Gaule romaine, notamment des objets de parure. Cette thèse vise à combler cette lacune en prenant en considération les fibules en contexte cultuel, alors que celles-ci ne sont bien souvent envisagées que comme des objets de la vie quotidienne et étudiées en tant que telles. L'offrande de fibules est examinée à partir de leur distribution spatiale intrasite par phase de fréquentation, et ce sur l'ensemble des lieux de culte de la Gaule du 11e siècle av. J.-C. jusqu'au IV" siècle de notre ère. Ce travail est réalisé grâce à des cartes de répartition et aux outils statistiques de sériation. Cette analyse est complétée par l'étude typo-chronologique de l'ensemble des fibules répertoriées et par l'étude des associations de mobilier dans l'espace cultuel, en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur l'ensemble des objets de parure, afin d'identifier des pratiques religieuses spécifiques et de travailler sur l'offrande possible d'éléments aujourd'hui disparus comme les vêtements. Sont examinés entre autres les modes de dépôt des fibules, leur symbolique, leur lien éventuel avec certaines divinités, ou bien encore s'il s'agit d'offrandes individuelles ou collectives. Enfin, ce travail permet d'étudier les continuités et les ruptures entre les pratiques cultuelles de la fin de la période celte (LTD) et celles d'après la conquête césarienne, afin d'approfondir notre connaissance du processus de romanisation dans les provinces gauloises. / To date, there is no full monograph on the distribution of offerings in sanctuaries in roman Gaul, including ornaments. This thesis aims to fill this gap by taking into consideration the fibulas in cult context, white these are very often considered as objects of everyday life and studied as such. The fibulas's offering is examined from their intrasite spatial distribution by phase of attendance, and this on ail the sanctuaries of Gaul of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD. This work is done through distribution maps and statistical serialization tools. This analysis is complemented by the typo-chronological study of ail fibulas listed and by the study of furniture associations in the sanctuaries, with particular accentuation on ail objects of ornament, so that to identify specific religious practices and to work on the possible offering of elements that have now disappeared, such as clothing. Among other things, the modes of fibulas's deposit, their symbolism, their possible link with certain deities, or even individual or collective offerings are examined. This work finally allows to study the continuities and ruptures between the cult practices of the end of the Celtic period (LTD) and those after the Cesarean conquest, in order to deepen our knowledge of the process of romanization on the Gallic provinces.