Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marisa_Gomes_Beserra.pdf: 801639 bytes, checksum: b5743df14705186176eca7ef71e54b20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-25 / This work aims to propose a model for disclosing the main components of the structure of local public collection. This proposition is opportune, once the public manager's current profile requests the search of the best subsidies, which will allow the reach of the efficiency and effectiveness in the public administration, the transparency of its administrative acts, as well as the responsibility in the administration of the public resources. For the elaboration of this study, the extracted information of the budgetary execution were analyzed, relative to the years of 1996 and 2000, and obtained in the homepage of the Department of the National Treasure. The information contained in this study were compiled and presented in a synthetic and objective way, trying to stand out the important aspects, related to the structure and the evolution of the local revenue and its respective installment of bills, as well as, to meet, in a simplified way, the needs of its several users' informative subsidies. The analysis of the data allowed the identification of three main sources of collection denominated own collection, transfers (federal and state) and credit operations. It rules general, the largest participation of the transfers was observed in relation to the own collection and to the credit operations, in spite of the decentralization process, whose objective is to establish the independence and autonomy in relation to the tributary competences of the three levels of government (federal, state and local).It proved that the Complemental Law n?? 101/2000, Law of Fiscal Responsibility, represented important progress by introducing rules and goals for control of the public bills in view to the fiscal responsibility and norms to turn available information face to the concept of accountability. / Este estudo prop??e um modelo para a evidencia????o (disclousure) dos principais componentes da estrutura de arrecada????o p??blica municipal. Esta proposi????o ?? oportuna, uma vez que o atual perfil do gestor p??blico requer a busca dos melhores subs??dios, os quais permitir??o o alcance da efici??ncia e da efic??cia na administra????o p??blica, a transpar??ncia dos seus atos administrativos, bem como a responsabilidade na gest??o dos recursos p??blicos. Para a elabora????o deste estudo, foram analisadas as informa????es extra??das da execu????o or??ament??ria, relativas aos anos de 1996 e 2000, e disponibilizadas na homepage da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional. As informa????es que comp??em este estudo foram compiladas e apresentadas de forma sint??tica e objetiva, procurando ressaltar os aspectos relevantes, quanto ?? estrutura e ?? evolu????o da receita municipal e sua respectiva presta????o de contas, bem como, atender, de maneira simplificada, ??s necessidades de subs??dios informativos de seus diversos usu??rios. A an??lise dos dados permitiu a identifica????o de tr??s principais fontes de arrecada????o, denominadas arrecada????o pr??pria, recebimento de transfer??ncias (federais e estaduais) e capta????o por meio de opera????es de cr??dito. Regra geral, observou-se a maior participa????o das transfer??ncias em rela????o ?? arrecada????o pr??pria e ??s opera????es de cr??dito, apesar do processo de descentraliza????o, cujo objetivo ?? estabelecer a independ??ncia e a autonomia em rela????o ??s compet??ncias tribut??rias das tr??s esferas de governo (federal, estadual e municipal). Constatou-se que a Lei Complementar n?? 101/2000, Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, representou importante avan??o, ao introduzir, para o controle das contas p??blicas, regras e metas voltadas para a responsabilidade fiscal e normas para disponibiliza????o de informa????es atendendo ao conceito de presta????o de contas (accountability).

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 71-72. / by Mary Elizabeth Lucci. / M.C.P.

This thesis is concerned with addressing operational issues in two types of dynamic markets where queueing plays an important role: limit order books (financial industry), and dynamic matching markets (residential real estate). We first study the smart order routing decisions of investors in fragmented limit order book markets and the implications on the market dynamics. In modern equity markets, participants have a choice of many exchanges at which to trade. Exchanges typically operate as electronic limit order books operating under a “price-time” priority rule and, in turn, can be modeled as multi-class FIFO queueing systems. A market with multiple exchanges can be thought as a decentralized, parallel queueing system. Heterogeneous traders that submit limit orders select the exchange to place their orders by trading off delays until their order may fill against financial considerations. Simultaneously, traders that submit market orders select the exchange to direct their orders. These market orders trigger instantaneous service completions of queued limit orders. Taking into account the effect of investors’ order routing decisions, we find that the equilibrium of this decentralized market exhibits a state space collapse property. The predicted dimension reduction is the result of high-frequency order routing decisions that essentially couple the dynamics across exchanges. Analyzing a TAQ dataset for a sample of stocks over a one month period, we find empirical support for the predicted state space collapse. In the second part of this thesis, we model an electronic limit order book as a multi-class queueing system under fluid dynamics, and formulate and solve a problem of limit and market order placement to optimally buy a block of shares over a short, predetermined time horizon. Using the structure of the optimal execution policy, we identify microstructure variables that affect trading costs over short time horizons and propose a resulting microstructure-based model of market impact costs. We use a proprietary data set to estimate this cost model, and highlight its insightful structure and increased accuracy over conventional (macroscopic) market impact models that estimate the cost of a trade based on its normalized size but disregarding measurements of limit order book variables. In the third part of this thesis, we study the residential real estate markets as dynamic matching systems with an emphasis on their microstructure. We propose a stylized microstructure model and analyze the market dynamics and its equilibrium under the simplifying approximation where buyers and sellers use linear bidding strategies. We motivate and characterize this near closed-form approximation of the market equilibrium, and show that it is asymptotically accurate. We also provide numerical evidence in support of this approximation. Then with the gained tractability, we characterize steady-state properties such as market depth, price dispersion, and anticipated delays in selling or buying a unit. We characterize congestion and matching patterns for sellers and buyers, taking into account market dynamics, heterogeneity, and supply and demand imbalance manifested in the competition among buyers and sellers. Furthermore, we show the effects of market primitives with comparative statics results.

This dissertation consists of three research articles in political economy and public finance. The first chapter provides evidence on the effect of electoral institutions on the performance of public officials. Using panel data on state supreme courts between 1947 and 1994, we measure the effects of changes in judicial electoral processes on judge work quality -- as measured by citations by later judges. Judges selected by non-partisan elections write higher-quality opinions than judges selected by partisan elections. Judges selected by technocratic merit commissions write higher-quality opinions than either partisan-elected judges or non-partisan-elected judges. Election-year politics reduces judicial performance in both partisan and non-partisan election systems. Giving stronger tenure to non-partisan-selected judges improves performance, while giving stronger tenure to partisan-selected judges has no effect. These results are consistent with the view that technocratic merit commissions have better information about the quality of candidates than voters, and that political bias can reduce the quality of elected officials. The second chapter contributes to recent work in political economy and public finance that focuses on how details of the tax code, rather than tax rates, are used to implement redistributive fiscal policies. I use tools from natural language processing to construct a high-dimensional representation of tax code changes from the text of 1.6 million statutes enacted by state legislatures since 1963. A data-driven approach is taken to recover the effective tax code – the set of legal phrases in tax law that have the largest impact on revenues, holding major tax rates constant. Exogenous variation in tax legislation from judicial districts is used to capture revenue impacts that are solely due to changes in the tax code language, with the resulting phrases providing a robust out-of-sample predictor of tax collections. I then test whether political parties differ in patterns of effective tax code changes when they control state government. Relative to Republicans, Democrats use revenue-increasing language for income taxes but use revenue-decreasing language for sales taxes – consistent with a more redistributive fiscal policy – despite making no changes on average to statutory tax rates. These results are consistent with the view that due to their relative salience, changing tax rates is politically more difficult than changing the tax code. The third chapter reports evidence on the potential benefits to local labor markets of increasing property taxes as a source of local government revenue. The data come from three states (308 tax districts, 16 years) where tax districts reassess properties on a state-mandated staggered cycle, resulting in exogenous variation in assessments and accompanying taxes. I find that an increase in taxes due to random assessment causes economic expansion, with an increase in local population and the number of local business establishments. These effects appear to be driven by increases in government revenues and expenditures, rather than by changes in borrowing behavior. These results suggests that property taxes are too low in this sample of states.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1975. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 256-262. / Ph.D.

No description available.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2016 / This study mainly focuses on the negative factors that are affecting sound financial practices in the Greater Letaba Local municipality. Greater Letaba municipality fails to achieve a clean audit opinion because of a number of negative factors that affect its sound financial management practices. The municipality partially adheres to financial management policies and legislation which underpin good financial management practices, for example the Auditor General South Africa’s (AGSA) report reflects no adherence to Supply Chain Management (SCM) regulations and also to GRAP standards. These factors include poor record keeping, lack of accountability, none compliance to legislations and poor financial management activities and practices. Audit opinions are either regressing or remaining unchanged and a clean audit is still not achievable at this stage. The municipality’s audit opinion did not change in the past two financial years. The audit opinion remained qualified.The study employed a qualitative research approach whereby interviews wereconducted with Letaba Municipal Officials that are directly involved in financial management practices to collect data. Data were also collected through review of relevant and current literature in the topic under investigation. One of the major findings of the study is that there are a number of vacancies in the critical positions such as in the finance department. The other finding is that the employees do not implement the sound management practices that they are trained for.Therefore, this study recommends that strategies for effective financial management practices should be developed and implemented at Letaba Municipality. Furthermore it investigates the negative factors that are affecting sound financial management in the municipality.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987.

No description available.

M. Tech. Cost and Management Accounting / Long-term financial planning in South Africa was at the time of the study not regulated by legislation. In addition, municipalities were accused of failing to plan their finances, which included failure of adherence to the long-term commitments of long-term contracts, neglecting revenue collection, and consequent over-reliance on government grants and borrowing. The aim of this study was to assess whether the adoption of the Long-term Financial Strategy by the City of Tshwane, improved the municipality's financial performance, in order to determine whether a longer term financial strategy should become a legal requirement for all municipalities in South Africa.