This dissertation consists of six separate papers dealing with the valuation of financial guarantees and risky debt contract. Each of these papers is independent and distinct. The main theme is the valuation of securities by contingent claims analysis (CCA). Paper 1: Valuation of Financial Guarantees – A Presentation and a Critique.One purpose of this paper is to derive a pricing formula for a deposit guarantee, when the assets of the bank exhibit downward jumps due to extraordinary loan defaults. In this respect, we use the framework of Merton (1976), where a stock option is priced under the assumption of a jump-diffusion process for the underlying stock. Paper 2: Valuation of Deposit Insurance – An Alternative Approach.This paper extends paper 1 in the respect that the guarantor, in this case a deposit insurance agency, will nullify the guarantee contract and liquidate the bank when it gets insolvent. The liquidation is assumed to involve some costs like legal and realization costs. In fact, since the guarantee contract will never get in-the-money, the guarantee will receive value only from these liquidation costs. Paper 3: Financial Guarantees and Asymmetric Information.In this paper, we make the assumption that the guarantor cannot observe the solvency process, unless it carries out audits. This is different from the normal perfect information assumption for this kind of analysis. Since audits are often costly, and this burdens the guarantee value, the guarantor will search for an audit strategy, which minimizes the guarantee value. Paper 4: Valuation of Barrier Contracts – A Simplified Approach.Many types of financial contracts can be classified as "barrier contracts". This description comes from their feature of allowing either contractual part to take some kind of action during the lifetime of the contract contingent on some pre-specified event. In this sense, the deposit insurance contract in analysed in paper 2 can be regarded as a barrier contract. The previous valuation models of barrier contracts are often considerably advanced and have tended to obscure the underlying economics. It is the path-dependence and stopping-time features that primarily make the derivation of these pricing formulas complicated. Our model simplifies this procedure by deriving the important "first passage time" distribution from a binomial model instead of using the reflection principle. Paper 5: Valuation of Risky Debt in the Presence of Jumps, Safety Barriers and Collaterals.This paper deals with different aspects of risky debt valuation with the CCA approach. The term. "risky", refers to the probability of default on the promised payment by the borrower. Paper 6: Portfolio Selection and the Pricing of Personal Loan Contracts.The CCA literature that follows Black and Scholes (1973), has mainly taken the underlying asset dynamics for given. Although it may be appropriate for stock options, we consider this assumption too simplifying with regards to personal loan contracts. It is obvious that the borrower’s consumption-investment decision affects his wealth process, on which the loan contract is contingent. Moreover, we believe that individuals actually have preferences to repay loans for different reasons such as the existence of reputational costs or legal penalties that affect the borrower in case of loan default. / Diss. av båda förf.  Stockholm : Handelshögskolan

The goal of this thesis ,,Analysis of debt capacity of the enterprise,, is to analyze the debt capacity of company DŠP, focusing on project and financial guarantees as part of DG with respect to planned growth. The analysis also includes the view of financial institutions to credit risk and assessment of the indicative debt capacity of the company. This analysis is primarily supported by Moody's methodology of heavy manufacturing industry. First part of the thesis is focused on the introduction of the company DŠP and its current situation and reasons why I chose this topic. The theoretical part is devoted to general information about debt capacity,methodological apparatus and the view of bank on the company. The practical part begins with an analysis of the debt capacity in various scenarios. Based on this, I used a sensitivity analysis of the debt capacity of the main risk factors. The last part of practical section consists of benchmark comparisons. Achievements and insights are summarized at the end of the entire thesis.

Section 41 of the MPRDA requires of mines to provide financial guarantees for the rehabilitation of mines. The contribution is revised annually. A mine must indicate that the guarantees are in place during the application for a mining permit or licences. A closure certificate will only be issued to a mine once all the requirements regarding rehabilitation are met. The polluter pays principle and the prevention principle lay the foundation for the financial provision regarding rehabilitation. The mine will be liable in the event that they do not prevent environmental degradation, pollution or damage. To avoid this liability the mine must rehabilitate properly to obtain a closure certificate. Financial guarantees can be provided for in different ways. In this dissertation trusts, closed cooperations and tax benefits involved are discussed. / Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Section 41 of the MPRDA requires of mines to provide financial guarantees for the rehabilitation of mines. The contribution is revised annually. A mine must indicate that the guarantees are in place during the application for a mining permit or licences. A closure certificate will only be issued to a mine once all the requirements regarding rehabilitation are met. The polluter pays principle and the prevention principle lay the foundation for the financial provision regarding rehabilitation. The mine will be liable in the event that they do not prevent environmental degradation, pollution or damage. To avoid this liability the mine must rehabilitate properly to obtain a closure certificate. Financial guarantees can be provided for in different ways. In this dissertation trusts, closed cooperations and tax benefits involved are discussed. / Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

La construction des garanties réelles dans le Code monétaire et financier s’est faite sans approche coordonnée. Le législateur s’est limité à produire des réponses pragmatiques aux besoins des praticiens, dotant ces garanties d'une souplesse et d'une sécurité renforcées. Or, seul le caractère dérogatoire des mesures qui visent à renforcer la sécurité, face aux procédures collectives notamment, caractérise ce que nous identifions comme des garanties réelles dérogatoires tant des garanties réelles de droit commun que des autres garanties sur actifs financiers. Il convient alors d’en tirer les conséquences pour proposer une construction rationnelle d’une garantie réelle financière unique mais protéiforme. C’est l’entrée en vigueur de la directive 2002/47/CE et sa transposition en droit français qui invitent à envisager un remodelage des garanties sur actifs financiers. Une approche commune et unitaire inspirée par cette directive paraît inévitable pour la cohérence de la matière. / France has introduced in the Financial and Monetary Code various types of financial collateral arrangements without organising nor recognising such category. Acting on a case by case basis, the legislator has provided pragmatic tools which offer to the security taker a better flexibility together with an improved security through timely and bankruptcy-remote enforcement. The derogatory regimes appear to be the focal point that characterizes all financial collateral arrangements. The intention of this work is to put forward a unified approach which trades the various types of arrangements in the current heterogeneous set up, often overlapping in their scope of application, for a unique multi-fold financial collateral agreement. In doing so, we assess how such a unified approach, close to the method of the EU Collateral directive can, not only be compatible with our legal concepts, but even offer better clarity to the collateral arrangements, and a strengthened legal certainty.

La notion d’ « obligation financière » est issue de la directive 2002/47/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 6 juin 2002 concernant les contrats de garantie financière. Il s’agit de la directive Collateral. L’obligation financière est l’obligation garantie par un contrat de garantie financière. La transposition française est intervenue par voie d’ordonnance en 2005. Cette sûreté réelle conventionnelle qui garantit l’exécution des obligations financières bénéficie d’un régime spécial et dérogatoire. Cette garantie est spéciale parce qu’elle vise des personnes spécifiques, celles qui sont soumises à des obligations prudentielles, et des opérations spécifiques, les opérations financières. Cette garantie est dérogatoire, car son efficacité implique de lui conférer une immunité. En effet, la garantie des obligations financières ne saurait être remise en cause en raison de l’application des dispositions de droit des procédures civiles d’exécution et de droit des procédures collectives. En outre, le dispositif Collateral prévoit une règle de conflit de lois désignant la loi de l’État dans lequel est ouvert le compte au crédit duquel les titres financiers sont inscrits. L’étude de l’obligation garantie subit une double influence. La première est celle de la garantie puisque l’obligation financière a été conçue en contemplation de celle-ci. La seconde est celle de la logique collective de l’opération de marché. L’objectif du dispositif est d’assurer la stabilité du système financier, c’est-à-dire des entités qui le composent : les marchés, les intermédiaires et les infrastructures. / The locution "financial obligations" is issued from the directive 2002/47/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 june 2002 on financial collateral arrangements. The financial obligation is the obligation which is secured by a financial collateral arrangement. The directive has been implemented in France in 2005. The financial collateral arrangment presents a special and derogatory legal system of financial collateral arrangements must be immune to all provisions which couldannhilate its efficiency. Indeed, the provisions of insolvency law and of civil enforcement procedures law, those that wouldinhibit the effective realisation of financial collateral or cast doubt on the valitdity of current techniques such as bilateral close out netting, do not apply to such arrangements. Besides, the directive contains a special conflict law rules. The law of the country where the financial collateral is located, that is to say the law of country in which the relevant account is maintained, is applicable. Thisstudy demonstrates that the financial obligations are impacted by two main influences : first, by this specialguarance, then, by the capital markets multilateral approach. The goal is to protect the performance of the financial obligations in order to protect all the financial system, by insuring its stability.