The primary objective of this study is to gain a greater understanding of how the level and type of research and development expenditures are influenced by accounting measurement, if at all.

The aim of this diploma thesis is an analysis of a level of financial literacy of citizens of Czech Republic. The opening part concentrates on the definition of basic concepts and on the characteristic of financial literacy. The second chapter deals with activities and programs for support of financial literacy on a multinational and European level and describes activities, which support financial literacy in the Czech Republic. The final chapter of this theoretical part contains a summary of the most important concepts of financial literacy in the context of normal civic life. The findings and outcomes of the fourth chapter are based on the processing results of the survey aimed to examine the financial literacy of the sample of respondents. The last part of this thesis is devoted to demonstration of possible activities to increase financial literacy.

Dans le contexte de la crise financière des subprimes, les chefs d’État et de gouvernement du G-20 ont entrepris en 2008 une réforme de l'architecture financière internationale. Cette initiative politique a conduit à une refonte du corpus normatif applicable au secteur financier. Les standards financiers internationaux ont pour objectif d'harmoniser les droits étatiques en proposant des normes de référence à destination des professionnels du secteur et de leurs autorités nationales de régulation. Ces instruments de soft law au champ d'application universel se distinguent des techniques traditionnellement utilisées par le droit international public pour encadrer la matière économique. Les standards apparaissent comme le produit normatif d'une coopération singulière qui prend corps entre une pluralité d'acteurs à la fois privés et publics évoluant au sein des sphères nationale, internationale et transnationale. Ils traduisent une évolution certaine de l'action publique internationale expliquant par ailleurs que la doctrine contemporaine s'interroge sur la portée de ce phénomène normatif. Dans cette perspective se pose la question de l'incidence des standards financiers sur l'architecture du droit international public fondée traditionnellement sur l'interétatisme. L'analyse proposée envisage d'étudier leur élaboration et leur mise en œuvre afin de mettre en évidence le caractère hégémonique de la régulation financière internationale et sa distanciation du modèle interétatique classique. / Amidst the last financial global crisis, the leaders of the G-20 have undertaken a review of the international financial architecture. This political initiative has led to a substantial reform of the international norms applicable to the financial sector. The aim of international financial standards is to harmonize the national regulations by formulating common benchmarks to the professionals and the regulators. These soft law instruments have a universal scope of application and are to be distinguished from the traditional techniques that public international law resorts to in the economic field. Financial standards are the result of an atypical cooperation between a range of both private and public actors operating at different levels, national, international and transnational. They reflect an undisputed evolution of the international public authority which could explain the current interest of the doctrine for this normative phenomenon. ln this line of thoughts, the question is to appreciate the impact of the financial standards on the structure of public international law which is rooted on States. The analysis carries out a comprehensive study of the elaboration and implementation of financial standards, painting out the hegemony of the international regulation as a reconsideration of the classical interstate paradigm.